Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988

Section 413(10).

SCHEDULE 18 U.K. M1 GROUP RELIEF: EQUITY HOLDERS AND PROFITS OR ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION F1

Textual Amendments

F1 See—s.240(13)—application of Sch.18for purposes of s.240—set-off of surplus ACT.s.247(9A)—application of Sch.18for purposes of.s.247(8A), (9)(c)—dividends etc. paid by one member of a group to another.s.769(6C)—application of Sch.18for purposes of.s.769(6B)—rules for ascertaining change in ownership of company.1990 s.32(12)—application of Sch.18for relief for disposal of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Sch. 18 applied (E.W.S) (16.1.1992) by S.I. 1992/58, art. 35(5)

Sch. 18 applied (with modifications) (6.3.1992 with effect as mentioned in s. 289(1)(2) of the amending Act) by Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (c. 12), ss. 170(8), 289 (with ss. 60, 101(1), 171, 201(3))

Sch. 18 applied (with modifications) (6.3.1992 with effect as mentioned in s. 289(1)(2) of the amending Act) by Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (c. 12), ss. 228(10), 289 (with ss. 60, 101(1), 171, 201(3))

C2 Sch. 18 applied by Finance Act 1930 (c. 28), s. 42(5) (as added (with effect in accordance with s. 123(7) of the 2000 amending Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 123(6))

C3 Sch. 18 applied (with effect in accordance with s. 98(2) of the affecting Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), Sch. 28 para. 5(4)

C4 Sch. 18 applied (with modifications) by Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (c. 12), Sch. 7AC para. 8(2) (as inserted (with application in accordance with s. 44(3) of the 2002 amending Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), Sch. 8 para. 1)

C5 Sch. 18 applied (with modifications) (with effect in accordance with Sch. 29 Pt. 14 of the affecting Act) by Finance Act 2002 (c. 23), Sch. 29 para. 53

C6 Sch. 18 applied (with effect in accordance with s. 31 of the affecting Act) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2005 (c. 22), Sch. 3 para. 10(5)

C7 Sch. 18 applied (with effect in accordance with Sch. 10 para. 2 of the affecting Act) by Finance Act 2006 (c. 25), Sch. 10 para. 15(5)(6)

C8 Sch. 18 modified (1.4.2009 with effect in accordance with s. 1329(1) of the modifying Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2009 (c. 4), s. 519(3) (with Sch. 2 Pts. 1, 2, paras. 73-75)

C9 Sch. 18 applied (with modifications) (1.4.2009 with effect in accordance with s. 1329(1) of the affecting Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2009 (c. 4), s. 772 (with Sch. 2 Pts. 1, 2)

Marginal Citations

M1 Source—1973 Sch. 12 Pt. I; 1973 s. 32(6); 1987 Sch. 15 5

1 (1) For the purposes of [F2 sections 403C and 413(7)] and this Schedule, an equity holder of a company is any person who—

(a) holds ordinary shares in the company, or

(b) is a loan creditor of the company in respect of a loan which is not a normal commercial loan,

and any reference in that section to profits or assets available for distribution to a company’s equity holders does not include a reference to any profits or assets available for distribution to any equity holder otherwise than as an equity holder.

(2) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(a) above “ordinary shares” means all shares other than fixed-rate preference shares.

(3) In this Schedule “fixed-rate preference shares” means shares which—

(a) are issued for consideration which is or includes new consideration; and

[F3 (b) do not carry any right either to conversion into shares or securities of any other description except—

(i) shares to which sub-paragraph (5A) below applies,

(ii) securities to which sub-paragraph (5B) below applies, or

(iii) shares or securities in the company’s quoted parent company,

or to the acquisition of any additional shares or securities;] and

(c) do not carry any right to dividends other than dividends which—

(i) are of a fixed amount or at a fixed rate per cent. of the nominal value of the shares, and

(ii) represent no more than a reasonable commercial return on the new consideration received by the company in respect of the issue of the shares; and

(d) on repayment do not carry any rights to an amount exceeding that new consideration except in so far as those rights are reasonably comparable with those general for fixed dividend shares listed [F4 on a recognised stock exchange].

(4) Subsection (7) of section 417 shall apply for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(b) above as it applies for the purposes of Part XI, but with the omission of the reference to subsection (9) of that section.

(5) In sub-paragraph (1)(b) above “normal commercial loan” means a loan of or including new consideration and—

[F5 (a) which does not carry any right either to conversion into shares or securities of any other description except—

(i) shares to which sub-paragraph (5A) below applies,

(ii) securities to which sub-paragraph (5B) below applies, or

(iii) shares or securities in the company’s quoted parent company,

or to the acquisition of any additional shares or securities;] and

(b) which does not entitle that loan creditor to any amount by way of interest which depends to any extent on the results of the company’s business or any part of it or on the value of any of the company’s assets or which exceeds a reasonable commercial return on the new consideration lent; and

(c) in respect of which the loan creditor is entitled, on repayment, to an amount which either does not exceed the new consideration lent or is reasonably comparable with the amount generally repayable (in respect of an equal amount of new consideration) under the terms of issue of securities listed [F4 on a recognised stock exchange].

[F6 (5A) This sub-paragraph applies to any shares which—

(a) satisfy the requirements of sub-paragraph (3)(a), (c) and (d) above, and

(b) do not carry any rights either to conversion into shares or securities of any other description, except shares or securities in the company’s quoted parent company, or to the acquisition of any additional shares or securities.

(5B) This sub-paragraph applies to any securities representing a loan of or including new consideration and—

(a) which satisfies the requirements of sub-paragraph (5)(b) and (c) above, and

(b) which does not carry any such rights as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (5A)(b) above.

(5C) For the purposes of sub-paragraphs (3) and (5) to (5B) above a company (“the parent company”) is another company’s “quoted parent company” if and only if—

(a) the other company is a 75 per cent. subsidiary of the parent company,

(b) the parent company is not a 75 per cent. subsidiary of any company, and

(c) the parent company’s ordinary shares (or, if its ordinary share capital is divided into two or more classes, its ordinary shares of each class) are [F7 listed] on a recognised stock exchange or dealt in on the Unlisted Securities Market;

and in this sub-paragraph “ordinary shares” means shares forming part of ordinary share capital.

(5D) In the application of sub-paragraphs (3) and (5) to (5B) above in determining for the purposes of sub-paragraph (5C)(a) above who are the equity holders of the other company (and, accordingly, whether section 413(7) prevents the other company from being treated as a 75 per cent. subsidiary of the parent company for the purposes of sub-paragraph (5C)(a)), it shall be assumed that the parent company is for the purposes of sub-paragraphs (3) and (5) to (5B) above the other company’s quoted parent company.]

[F8 (5E) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (5)(b) above, the amount to which the loan creditor is entitled by way of interest—

(a) shall not be treated as depending to any extent on the results of the company’s business or any part of it by reason only of the fact that the terms of the loan provide for the rate of interest to be reduced in the event of the results of the company’s business or any part of it improving [F9 , or for the rate of interest to be increased in the event of the results of the company’s business or any part of it deteriorating] , and

(b) shall not be treated as depending to any extent on the value of any of the company’s assets by reason only of the fact that the terms of the loan provide for the rate of interest to be reduced in the event of the value of any of the company’s assets increasing [F10 , or for the rate of interest to be increased in the event of the value of any of the company’s assets diminishing].

(5F) Sub-paragraph (5H) below applies where—

(a) a person makes a loan to a company on the basis mentioned in sub-paragraph (5G) below for the purpose of facilitating the acquisition of land, and

(b) none of the land which the loan is used to acquire is acquired with a view to resale at a profit.

(5G) The basis referred to above is that—

(a) the whole of the loan is to be applied in the acquisition of land by the company or in meeting the incidental costs of obtaining the loan,

(b) the payment of any amount due in connection with the loan to the person making it is to be secured on the land which the loan is to be used to acquire, and

(c) no other security is to be required for the payment of any such amount.

(5H) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (5)(b) above, the amount to which the loan creditor is entitled by way of interest shall not be treated as depending to any extent on the value of any of the company’s assets by reason only of the fact that the terms of the loan are such that the only way the loan creditor can enforce payment of an amount due is by exercising rights granted by way of security over the land which the loan is used to acquire.

(5I) In sub-paragraph (5G)(a) above the reference to the incidental costs of obtaining the loan is to any expenditure on fees, commissions, advertising, printing or other incidental matters wholly and exclusively incurred for the purpose of obtaining the loan or of providing security for it.]

(6) Notwithstanding anything in sub-paragraphs (1) to (5) above but subject to sub-paragraph (7) below, where—

(a) any person has, directly or indirectly, provided new consideration for any shares or securities in the company, and

(b) that person, or any person connected with him, uses for the purposes of his trade assets which belong to the company and in respect of which there is made to the company—

(i) [F11 an annual investment allowance or] a first-year allowance within the meaning of [F12 Part 2 of the Capital Allowances Act] in respect of expenditure incurred by the company on the provision of [F12 plant or machinery];

(ii) a writing-down allowance within the meaning of [F12 Part 2 of the Capital Allowances Act] in respect of expenditure incurred by the company on the provision of [F12 plant or machinery]; or

(iii) an allowance under section [F13 Chapter 3 of Part 6 of the Capital Allowances Act] in respect of expenditure incurred by the company on [F14 research and development (within the meaning of Part VII of that Act)];

then, for the purposes of this Schedule, that person, and no other, shall be treated as being an equity holder in respect of those shares or securities and as being beneficially entitled to any distribution of profits or assets attributable to those shares or securities.

(7) In any case where sub-paragraph (6) above applies in relation to a bank in such circumstances that—

(a) the only new consideration provided by the bank as mentioned in paragraph (a) of that sub-paragraph is provided in the normal course of its banking business by way of a normal commercial loan as defined in sub-paragraph (5) above; and

(b) the cost to the company concerned of assets falling within paragraph (b) of that sub-paragraph which are used as mentioned in that paragraph by the bank or a person connected with the bank is less than the amount of that new consideration,

references in sub-paragraph (6) above, other than the reference in paragraph (a), to shares or securities in the company shall be construed as references to so much only of the loan referred to paragraph (a) above as is equal to the cost referred to in paragraph (b) above.

(8) In this paragraph “new consideration” has the same meaning as in section 254 and any question whether one person is connected with another shall be determined in accordance with section 839 .

Textual Amendments

F2 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

F3 1989 s.101(2)from 27July 1989;from 14March 1989for purposes of subss. (1D)and (1E)of 1970 s.272.Previously

“(b) do not carry any right either to conversion into shares or securities of any other description or to the acquisition of any additional shares or securities;”.

F4 Words in Sch. 18 para. 1(3)(d)(5)(c) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 27 para. 6(3)(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), Sch. 27 para. 5(2) (with Sch. 27 para. 6(1))

F5 1989 s.101(3)from 27July 1989;from 14March

for purposes of subss. (1D)and (1E)of 1970 s.272.Previously

“(a) which does not carry any right either to conversion into shares or securities of any other description or to the acquisition of additional shares or securities;”.

F6 1989 s.101(4)from 27July 1989;from 14March 1989for purposes of subss. (1D)and (1E)of 1970 s.272.

F7 Word in Sch. 18 para 1(5C)(c) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 38 para. 6(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 1996 (c. 8), Sch. 38 para. 6(1)(2)(k)

F8 Sch. 18 para. 1(5E)-(5I) inserted (1.4.1991) by Finance Act 1991 (c. 31, SIF 63:1), s. 77(1)-(3)

F9 Words in Sch. 18 para. 1(5E)(a) inserted (with application in accordance with s. 86(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 86(2)(a)

F10 Words in Sch. 18 para. 1(5E)(b) inserted (with application in accordance with s. 86(2) of the amending Act) (by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 86(2)(b)

F11 Words in Sch. 18 para. 1(6)(b)(i) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 24 para. 23 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2008 (c. 9), Sch. 24 para. 18

F12 Words in Sch. 18 para. 1(6)(b)(i)(ii) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 579(1) of the amending Act) by Capital Allowances Act 2001 (c. 2), Sch. 2 para. 63(a) (with Sch. 3)

F13 Words in Sch. 18 para. 1(6)(b)(iii) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 579(1) of the amending Act) by Capital Allowances Act 2001 (c. 2), Sch. 2 para. 63(b) (with Sch. 3)

F14 Words in Sch. 18 para 1(6)(b)(iii) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 68(2) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c.17), Sch. 19 para. 6

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C10 See 1990 s.32(12)(b).Reference to

“section 413(7) to (9)”

to be construed as a reference to 1990 s.31(4)where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

C11 Sch. 18 para. 1(5) applied (with modifications) (1.5.1995) by Finance Act 1993 (c. 34), s. 153(11A) (as inserted by Finance Act 1995 (c. 4), Sch. 24 para 4(4))

C12 See s.291(6)—para.1applied for purposes of business expansion scheme.

Yn ddilys o 21/07/2009

1A (1) This paragraph applies to a right to dividends carried by shares in a company if—

(a) the dividends represent no more than a reasonable commercial return on the new consideration received by the company in respect of the issue of the shares, and

(b) condition A, B or C is met.

(2) Condition A is that—

(a) the dividends are of a fixed amount or at a fixed rate per cent of the nominal value of the shares, and

(b) the company is not entitled by virtue of any term subject to which the shares are issued or held to reduce the amount of, or not to pay, any of the dividends.

(3) Condition B is that—

(a) the dividends are of a rate per cent of the nominal value of the shares and the rate fluctuates in accordance with—

(i) a standard published rate of interest, or

(ii) the retail prices index, or any similar general index of prices which is published by the government, or by an agent of the government, of the country or territory in whose currency the shares are denominated, and

(b) the company is not entitled by virtue of any term subject to which the shares are issued or held to reduce the amount of, or not to pay, any of the dividends.

(4) Condition C is that condition A or B would be met but for sub-paragraph (2)(b) or (3)(b), and—

(a) the company is only entitled to reduce the amount of, or not to pay, any of the dividends in relevant circumstances, or

(b) having regard to all the circumstances, it is reasonable to assume that the company is only likely to reduce the amount of, or not to pay, any of the dividends in relevant circumstances.

(5) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (4) a company reduces the amount of, or does not pay, dividends “in relevant circumstances” if—

(a) at the time the dividend is or would be payable, the company is in severe financial difficulties, or

(b) it does so for the purpose of following a recommendation of a relevant regulatory body.

(6) The Treasury may by order specify circumstances in which a company is to be treated as in severe financial difficulties for the purposes of sub-paragraph (5)(a).

(7) In sub-paragraph (5)(b) “relevant regulatory body” means—

(a) in relation to a dividend paid by a company that is authorised for the purposes of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, the Financial Services Authority, and

(b) in relation to a dividend paid by any other company, a body discharging functions in relation to the company under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom that correspond to functions discharged by the Financial Services Authority in relation to a company authorised as mentioned in paragraph (a).

(8) In this paragraph “new consideration” has the same meaning as in section 254.

2 (1) Subject to the following provisions of this Schedule, for the purposes of [F15 sections 403C and 413(7)] the percentage to which one company is beneficially entitled of any profits available for distribution to the equity holders of another company means the percentage to which the first company would be so entitled in the relevant accounting period on a distribution in money to those equity holders of—

(a) an amount of profits equal to the total profits of the other company which arise in that accounting period (whether or not any of those profits are in fact distributed); or

(b) if there are no profits of the other company in that accounting period, profits of £100;

and in the following provisions of this Schedule that distribution is referred to as “the profit distribution”.

[F16 (1A) The total profits of a non-resident company arising in an accounting period shall be determined for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(a) above as if it were resident in the United Kingdom in that accounting period.]

(2) For the purposes of the profit distribution, it shall be assumed that no payment is made by way of repayment of share capital or of the principal secured by any loan unless that payment is a distribution.

(3) Subject to sub-paragraph (2) above, where an equity holder is entitled as such to a payment of any description which, apart from this sub-paragraph, would not be treated as a distribution, it shall nevertheless be treated as an amount to which he is entitled on the profit distribution.

Textual Amendments

F15 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

F16 Sch. 18 para. 2(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 27 para. 6(3)(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), Sch. 27 para. 5(3) (with Sch. 27 para. 6(1))

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C13 See 1990 s.32(12)(b).Reference to

“section 413(7) to 9”

to be construed as a reference to 1990 s.31(4)where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

3 (1) Subject to the following provisions of this Schedule, for the purposes of [F17 sections 403C and 413(7)] the percentage to which one company would be beneficially entitled of any assets of another company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up means the percentage to which the first company would be so entitled if the other company were to be wound up and on that winding-up the value of the assets available for distribution to its equity holders (that is to say, after deducting any liabilities to other persons) were equal to—

(a) the excess, if any, of the total amount of the assets of the company, as shown in the balance sheet relating to its affairs as at the end of the relevant accounting period, over the total amount of those of its liabilities as so shown which are not liabilities to equity holders as such; or

(b) if there is no such excess or if the company’s balance sheet is prepared to a date other than the end of the relevant accounting period, £100.

(2) In the following provisions of this Schedule a winding-up on the basis specified in sub-paragraph (1) above is referred to as “the notional winding-up”.

(3) If, on the notional winding-up, an equity holder would be entitled as such to an amount of assets of any description which, apart from this sub-paragraph, would not be treated as a distribution of assets, it shall nevertheless be treated, subject to sub-paragraph (4) below, as an amount to which the equity holder is entitled on the distribution of assets on the notional winding up.

(4) If an amount (“the returned amount”) which corresponds to the whole or any part of the new consideration provided by an equity holder of a company for any shares or securities in respect of which he is an equity holder is applied by the company, directly or indirectly, in the making of a loan to, or in the acquisition of any shares or securities in, the equity holder or any person connected with him, then, for the purposes of this Schedule—

(a) the total amount referred to in sub-paragraph (1)(a) above shall be taken to be reduced by a sum equal to the returned amount; and

(b) the amount of assets to which the equity holder is beneficially entitled on the notional winding-up shall be taken to be reduced by a sum equal to the returned amount.

(5) In sub-paragraph (4) above “new consideration” has the same meaning as in section 254 and any question whether one person is connected with another shall be determined in accordance with section 839 .

Textual Amendments

F17 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C14 See 1990 s.32(13)(b).Reference to

“section 413(7) to 9”

to be construed as a reference to 1990 s.31(4)where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

C15 See s.291(6)—para.3applied for purposes of business expansion scheme.

4 (1) This paragraph applies if any of the equity holders—

(a) to whom the profit distribution is made, or

(b) who is entitled to participate in the notional winding-up,

holds, as such an equity holder, any shares or securities which carry rights in respect of dividend or interest or assets on a winding-up which are wholly or partly limited by reference to a specified amount or amounts (whether the limitation takes the form of the capital by reference to which a distribution is calculated or operates by reference to an amount of profits or otherwise).

(2) Where this paragraph applies there shall be determined—

(a) the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled, and

(b) the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company referred to in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled,

if, to the extent that they are limited as mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) above, the rights of every equity holder falling within that sub-paragraph (including the first company concerned if it is such an equity holder) had been waived.

(3) If, on the profit distribution, the percentage of profits determined as mentioned in sub-paragraph (2)(a) above is less than the percentage of profits determined under paragraph 2(1) above without regard to that sub-paragraph, the lesser percentage shall be taken for the purposes of [F18 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled as mentioned in that paragraph.

(4) If, on the notional winding-up, the percentage of assets determined as mentioned in sub-paragraph (2)(b) above is less than the percentage of assets determined under paragraph 3(1) above without regard to that sub-paragraph, the lesser percentage shall be taken for the purposes of [F18 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company mentioned in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled of any assets of the other company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up.

[F19 (5) In determining in a case in which paragraph 5F below applies whether any rights in respect of dividend or interest or assets on a winding-up are limited as mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) above, the limitations so mentioned shall be treated as not including so much of any limitation as has effect as mentioned in sub-paragraph (2) of that paragraph.]

Textual Amendments

F18 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

F19 Sch. 18 para. 4(5) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 27 para 6(3)(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), Sch. 27 para. 5(4) (with Sch. 27 para. 6(1))

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C16 See 1990 s.32(12)(b).References to

“section 413(7) to (9)”

construed as references to 1990 s.31(4)where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

C17 See 1990 s.32(12)(b).References to

“section 413(7) to (9)”

construed as references to 1990 s.31(4)where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

F20 5 (1) This paragraph applies if, at any time in the relevant accounting period, any of the equity holders—

(a) to whom the profit distribution is made, or

(b) who is entitled to participate in the notional winding-up,

holds, as such an equity holder, any shares or securities which carry rights in respect of dividend or interest or assets on a winding-up which are of such a nature (as, for example, if any shares will cease to carry a right to a dividend at a future time) that if the profit distribution or the notional winding-up were to take place in a different accounting period the percentage to which, in accordance with paragraphs 1 to 4 above, that equity holder would be entitled of profits on the profit distribution or of assets on the notional winding-up would be different from the percentage determined in the relevant accounting period.

(2) Where this paragraph applies, there shall be determined—

(a) the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled, and

(b) the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company referred to in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled,

if the rights of the equity holders in the relevant accounting period were the same as they would be in the different accounting period referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above.

(3) If in the relevant accounting period an equity holder holds, as such, any shares or securities in respect of which arrangements exist by virtue of which, in that or any subsequent accounting period, the equity holder’s entitlement to profits on the profit distribution or to assets on the notional winding-up could be different as compared with his entitlement if effect were not given to the arrangements, then for the purposes of this paragraph—

(a) it shall be assumed that effect would be given to those arrangements in a later accounting period, and

(b) those shares or securities shall be treated as though any variation in the equity holder’s entitlement to profits or assets resulting from giving effect to the arrangements were the result of the operation of such rights attaching to the shares or securities as are referred to in sub-paragraph (1) above.

• In this sub-paragraph “arrangements” means arrangements of any kind whether in writing or not.

(4) Sub-paragraph (3) and (4) of paragraph 4 above shall apply for the purposes of this paragraph as they apply for the purposes of that paragraph and, accordingly, references therein to sub-paragraphs (2)(a) and (2)(b) of that paragraph shall be construed as references to sub-paragraphs (2)(a) and (2)(b) of this paragraph.

Textual Amendments

F20 Sch. 18 para. 5A substituted (16.7.1992 or as mentioned in Sch. 6 para. 6 of the amending Act) for para. 5(5) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 24, Sch. 6 paras.1, 6

[F21 5A (1) In a case where paragraphs 4 and 5 above apply, each of the following percentages, namely—

(a) the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled, and

(b) the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company referred to in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled,

shall be determined on each of the different bases set out in sub-paragraph (2) below.

(2) The bases are—

(a) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above;

(b) the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above;

(c) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above taken together;

(d) the basis specified in paragraph 2(1) or 3(1) above (according to the percentage concerned) without regard to paragraphs 4(2) and 5(2) above.

(3) The lowest of the four percentages of profits so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F22 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled as mentioned in that paragraph.

(4) The lowest of the four percentages of assets so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F22 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company mentioned in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled of any assets of the other company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up.]

Textual Amendments

F21 Sch. 18 para. 5A substituted (16.7.1992 or as mentioned in Sch. 6 para. 6 of the amending Act) for para. 5(5) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 24, Sch. 6 paras.1, 6

F22 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

[F23 5B (1) This paragraph applies if, at any time in the relevant accounting period, option arrangements exist; and option arrangements are arrangements of any kind (whether in writing or not) as regards which the two conditions set out below are fulfilled.

(2) The first condition is that the arrangements are ones by virtue of which there could be a variation in—

(a) the percentage of profits to which any of the equity holders is entitled on the profit distribution, or

(b) the percentage of assets to which any of the equity holders is entitled on the notional winding-up.

(3) The second condition is that, under the arrangements, the variation could result from the exercise of any of the following rights (option rights)—

(a) a right to acquire shares or securities in the second company referred to in paragraphs 2(1) and 3(1) above;

(b) a right to require a person to acquire shares or securities in that company.

(4) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (3) above—

(a) it is immaterial whether or not the shares or securities were issued before the arrangements came into existence;

(b) “shares” does not include fixed-rate preference shares;

(c) “securities” does not include normal commercial loans (within the meaning given by paragraph 1(5) above);

(d) “right” does not include a right of an individual to acquire shares, if the right was obtained by reason of his office or employment as a director or employee of the company and in accordance with the provisions of a share option scheme [F24 which was approved] at the time it was obtained.

[F25 (4A) In sub-paragraph (4)(d) above—

• “share option scheme” means—

  (a)

  an SAYE option scheme within the meaning of the SAYE code (see section 516(4) of ITEPA 2003 (approved SAYE option schemes)), or

  (b)

  a CSOP scheme within the meaning of the CSOP code (see section 521(4) of that Act (approved CSOP schemes)); and

• “approved” means—

  (a)

  in relation to an SAYE option scheme, approved under Schedule 3 to that Act (approved SAYE option schemes), and

  (b)

  in relation to a CSOP scheme, approved under Schedule 4 to that Act (approved CSOP schemes).]

(5) As regards each point in time when option arrangements exist in the relevant accounting period—

(a) there shall be taken each possible state of affairs that could then subsist if the outstanding option rights, or any of them or any combination of them, became effective at that point, and

(b) taking each such state of affairs, it shall be assumed that the rights and duties of the equity holders in the relevant accounting period were to be found accordingly.

(6) The following rules shall have effect—

(a) for the purposes of sub-paragraph (5) above outstanding option rights are all such option rights under the arrangements (or sets of arrangements if more than one) as exist at the point in time concerned but have not become effective at or before that point;

(b) for the purpose of applying sub-paragraph (5) above it is immaterial whether or not the rights are exercisable at or before the point in time concerned and it is immaterial whether or not they are capable of becoming effective at or before that point;

(c) for the purposes of sub-paragraph (5) above and this sub-paragraph an option right becomes effective when the shares or securities to which it relates are acquired in pursuance of it.

(7) The determination mentioned in sub-paragraph (8) below shall be made as regards each point in time when option arrangements exist in the relevant accounting period; and for each such point in time a separate determination shall be made for each of the possible states of affairs mentioned in sub-paragraph (5) above.

(8) The determination is a determination of—

(a) the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled, and

(b) the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company referred to in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled,

if the rights and duties of the equity holders in the relevant accounting period were found as mentioned in sub-paragraph (5) above.

(9) Where different determinations yield different percentages of profits and different percentages of assets, only one determination of each percentage (yielding the lowest figure) shall be treated as having been made.

(10) Sub-paragraphs (3) and (4) of paragraph 4 above shall apply for the purposes of this paragraph as they apply for the purposes of that paragraph and, accordingly, references there to sub-paragraphs (2)(a) and (2)(b) of that paragraph shall be construed as references to sub-paragraphs (8)(a) and (8)(b) of this paragraph.]

Textual Amendments

F23 Sch. 18 paras. 5B-5E inserted (16.7.1992 with application where the option arrangements are made on or after 15.11.1991) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 24, Sch. 6 paras. 2, 7

F24 Words in Sch. 18 para. 5B(4)(d) substituted (6.4.2003 with effect in accordance with s. 723(1) of the amending Act) by Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (c. 1), Sch. 6 para. 121(2) (with Sch. 7)

F25 Sch. 18 para. 5B(4A) inserted (6.4.2003 with effect in accordance with s. 723(1) of the amending Act) by Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003 (c. 1), Sch. 6 para. 121(3) (with Sch. 7)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C18 Sch. 18 para. 5B excluded (retrospective to 5.11.1993) by Finance Act 1994 (c. 9), s. 252(2), Sch. 24 para. 17(2)

C19 Sch. 18 para. 5B excluded (19.9.1994) by Coal Industry Act 1994 (c. 21), s. 68(4), Sch. 4 para. 16 (with s. 40(7)); S.I. 1994/2189, art. 2, Sch.

C20 Sch. 18 para. 5B excluded (19.7.1995) by Crown Agents Act 1995 (c. 24), s. 7(2)

C21 Sch. 18 para. 5B excluded (8.11.1995) by Atomic Energy Authority Act 1995 (c. 37), Sch. 3 para. 8(2)

C22 Sch. 18 para. 5B excluded (24.7.1996) by Broadcasting Act 1996 (c. 55), s. 149(1)(f), Sch. 7 para. 20(2) (with s. 43)

F26 5C (1) In a case where paragraphs 4 and 5B above apply, each of the following percentages, namely—

(a) the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled, and

(b) the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company referred to in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled,

shall be determined on each of the different bases set out in sub-paragraph (2) below.

(2) The bases are—

(a) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above;

(b) the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above;

(c) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above taken together;

(d) the basis specified in paragraph 2(1) or 3(1) above (according to the percentage concerned) without regard to paragraphs 4(2) and 5B(8) above.

(3) The lowest of the four percentages of profits so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F27 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled as mentioned in that paragraph.

(4) The lowest of the four percentages of assets so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F27 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company mentioned in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled of any assets of the other company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up.

(5) For the purposes of this paragraph the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above is such basis as gives the percentage of profits arrived at by virtue of paragraph 5B(9) above or (as the case may be) such basis as gives the percentage of assets arrived at by virtue of paragraph 5B(9) above.

Textual Amendments

F26 Sch. 18 paras. 5B-5E inserted (16.7.1992 with application where the option arrangements are made on or after 15.11.1991) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 24, Sch. 6 paras. 2, 7

F27 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

F28 5D (1) In a case where paragraphs 5 and 5B above apply, each of the following percentages, namely—

(a) the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled, and

(b) the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company referred to in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled,

shall be determined on each of the different bases set out in sub-paragraph (2) below.

(2) The bases are—

(a) the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above;

(b) the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above;

(c) the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above taken together;

(d) the basis specified in paragraph 2(1) or 3(1) above (according to the percentage concerned) without regard to paragraphs 5(2) and 5B(8) above.

(3) The lowest of the four percentages of profits so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F29 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled as mentioned in that paragraph.

(4) The lowest of the four percentages of assets so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F29 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company mentioned in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled of any assets of the other company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up.

(5) For the purposes of this paragraph the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above is such basis as gives the percentage of profits arrived at by virtue of paragraph 5B(9) above or (as the case may be) such basis as gives the percentage of assets arrived at by virtue of paragraph 5B(9) above.

Textual Amendments

F28 Sch. 18 paras. 5B-5E inserted (16.7.1992 with application where the option arrangements are made on or after 15.11.1991) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 24, Sch. 6 paras. 2, 7

F29 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

F30 5E (1) In a case where paragraphs 4 and 5 and 5B above apply, each of the following percentages, namely—

(a) the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled, and

(b) the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company referred to in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled,

shall be determined on each of the different bases set out in sub-paragraph (2) below.

(2) The bases are—

(a) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above;

(b) the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above;

(c) the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above;

(d) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above taken together;

(e) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above taken together;

(f) the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above taken together;

(g) the basis specified in paragraph 4(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5(2) above and the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above all taken together;

(h) the basis specified in paragraph 2(1) or 3(1) above (according to the percentage concerned) without regard to paragraphs 4(2), 5(2) and 5B(8) above.

(3) The lowest of the eight percentages of profits so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F31 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, the first company referred to in paragraph 2(1) above would be entitled as mentioned in that paragraph.

(4) The lowest of the eight percentages of assets so determined shall be taken for the purposes of [F31 sections 403C and 413(7)] to be the percentage to which, on the notional winding-up, the first company mentioned in paragraph 3(1) above would be entitled of any assets of the other company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up.

(5) For the purposes of this paragraph the basis specified in paragraph 5B(8) above is such basis as gives the percentage of profits arrived at by virtue of paragraph 5B(9) above or (as the case may be) such basis as gives the percentage of assets arrived at by virtue of paragraph 5B(9) above.

Textual Amendments

F30 Sch. 18 paras. 5B-5E inserted (16.7.1992 with application where the option arrangements are made on or after 15.11.1991) by Finance (No. 2) Act 1992 (c. 48), s. 24, Sch. 6 paras. 2, 7

F31 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

5F (1) This paragraph has effect, in the cases specified in sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) below, for the following purposes (“the relevant purposes”)—

(a) the determination, in a case where the surrendering company or the claimant company is a non-resident company, of whether that company is a 75 per cent. or a 90 per cent. subsidiary of another company;

(b) the determination of a member’s share in a consortium in any case where the surrendering company or the claimant company is a non-resident company owned [F32 by the consortium; but this paragraph does not have effect in relation to any determination in the case of amounts falling within section 402(1)(b).]

(2) The first case in which this paragraph applies is where any of the equity holders—

(a) to whom the profit distribution is made, or

(b) who is entitled to participate in the notional winding-up of that company,

holds, as such an equity holder of the non-resident company, any shares or securities which carry rights in respect of dividend or interest or assets on a winding-up which have effect wholly or partly by reference to whether or not, or to what extent, the profits or assets distributed are referable to the non-resident company’s UK trade.

(3) The second case in which this paragraph applies is where—

(a) option arrangements (within the meaning of paragraph 5B above) exist at any time in the relevant accounting period; and

(b) the percentage which, in any of the states of affairs referred to in sub-paragraph (5) of that paragraph, is—

(i) the percentage of profits to which any of the equity holders of the non-resident company would be entitled on the profit distribution, or

(ii) the percentage of assets to which any of the equity holders of that company would be entitled on the notional winding-up,

would differ, at any of the times so referred to, according to whether or not, or to what extent, the profits or assets distributed are referable to the non-resident company’s UK trade.

(4) If the percentage of profits to which, on the profit distribution, a particular equity holder would be taken for the relevant purposes to be entitled would be less if the determination under paragraph 2(1) above were made on the basis specified in sub-paragraph (7) below, then that shall be the basis used for the relevant purposes in the case of that equity holder.

(5) If the percentage of assets to which, on the notional winding-up, a particular equity holder would be taken for the relevant purposes to be entitled would be less if the determination under paragraph 3(1) above were made on the basis specified in sub-paragraph (7) below, then that shall be the basis used for the relevant purposes in the case of that equity holder.

(6) If the percentage that falls to be taken for any of the purposes of section 403C or section 413(7) would, under any of paragraphs 4 to 5E above, be the lower or lowest of a number of percentages determined on different bases—

(a) each of the percentages falling to be compared for the purposes of that paragraph shall be determined both—

(i) on the basis specified in sub-paragraph (7) below, and

(ii) without making the assumption required for a determination on that basis;

and

(b) the comparison required by that paragraph, so far as made for the relevant purposes, shall be made using, in the case of each of the percentages to be compared, only the lower of the percentages determined under paragraph (a) above.

(7) That basis is the assumption—

(a) that the profit distribution or the distribution on the notional winding-up is confined to a distribution of profits or assets that are referable to the non-resident company’s UK trade; and

(b) that the amount of the distribution does not exceed whichever is the greater of £100 and the following amount—

(i) in the case of a profit distribution, the amount (if any) of so much of the company’s chargeable profits for the relevant accounting period as is referable to its UK trade; and

(ii) in the case of a distribution on a notional winding-up, its net UK assets;

and

(c) that none of the ordinary equity holders has an entitlement to a proportion of the profits or assets mentioned in paragraph (a) above that is any greater than the proportion of the distribution to which he would be entitled if—

(i) the assumptions specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) above were disregarded; but

(ii) it were assumed, where it is less, that the distribution is equal to £100.

(8) In sub-paragraph (7) above—

• “net UK assets”, in relation to a non-resident company, means the excess, if any, of the total amount of the assets of the company that are referable to its UK trade (as shown in the relevant balance sheet), over the total amount of those of its liabilities (as so shown) which are so referable and are not liabilities to equity holders as such; and

• “ordinary equity holder” means any equity holder whose entitlement on the profit distribution or the distribution on the notional winding-up does not differ according to whether or not, or the extent to which, the profits or assets distributed are referable to the non-resident company’s UK trade.

(9) In sub-paragraph (8) above “relevant balance sheet”, in relation to a company, means any balance sheet relating to its affairs as at the end of the relevant accounting period.

(10) For the purposes of this paragraph profits, assets or liabilities of a non-resident company shall be taken to be referable to its UK trade to the extent only that they—

(a) are attributable to, or used for the purposes of, activities the income and gains from which are, or (were there any) would be, brought into account in computing the company’s chargeable profits for any accounting period, and

(b) are not attributable to, or used for the purposes of, any activities which (within the meaning of section 403D) are made exempt from corporation tax for any accounting period by any double taxation arrangements.

Textual Amendments

F32 Words in Sch. 18 para. 5F(1)(b) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 9 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2006 (c. 25), Sch. 1 para. 6(2)

6 For the purposes of [F33 sections 403C and 413(7)] and paragraphs 2 to [F34 5F] above—

(a) the percentage to which one company is beneficially entitled of any profits available for distribution to the equity holders of another company, and

(b) the percentage to which one company would be beneficially entitled of any assets of another company on a winding-up,

means the percentage to which the first company is, or would be, so entitled either directly or through another body corporate or other bodies corporate or partly directly and partly through another body corporate or other bodies corporate.

Textual Amendments

F33 Words in Sch. 18 paras. 1(1), 2(1), 3(1), 4(3)(4), 5A(3)(4), 5C(3)(4), 5D(3)(4), 5E(3)(4), 6 substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(a)(5)

F34 Words in Sch. 18 para. 6 substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 27 para. 6(3)(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), Sch. 27 para. 5(6) (with Sch. 27 para. 6(1))

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C23 See 1990 s.32(12)(b):references to

“section 413(7) to (9)”

and to section 413(7)construed as references to 1990 s.31(4)where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

7 (1) In this Schedule “the relevant accounting period” means [F35 (subject to sub-paragraphs (1A) to (1C) below)]—

(a) in a case falling within subsection (7) of section 413 , the accounting period current at the time in question; and

(b) in a case falling within [F36 section 403C], the accounting period in relation to which the share in the consortium falls to be determined .

[F37 (1A) In this Schedule “the relevant accounting period” means, in the case of a non-resident company which is not within the charge to corporation tax, the accounting period which the company would have on the following assumption.

(1B) The assumption is that the company became resident in the United Kingdom (and, accordingly, within the charge to corporation tax) at the time when it became a 75 per cent. subsidiary as mentioned in section 402(2A).

(1C) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1B) above the reference to the company's being a 75 per cent. subsidiary is to its being such a subsidiary disregarding section 413(7).]

(2) For the purposes of this Schedule, a loan to a company shall be treated as a security, whether or not it is a secured loan, and, if it is a secured loan, regardless of the nature of the security.

Textual Amendments

F35 Words in Sch. 18 para. 7(1) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 9 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2006 (c. 25), Sch. 1 para. 6(3)

F36 Words in Sch. 18 para. 7(1)(b) substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2000 (c. 17), s. 100(4)(b)

F37 Sch. 18 para. 7(1A)-(1C) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 1 para. 9 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2006 (c. 25), Sch. 1 para. 6(4)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C24 See 1990 s.32(12)(b):references to

“section 413(7) to (9)”

and to section 413(7)construed as references to 1990 s.31(4)where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.

C25 See 1990 s.32(12)(d). Para 7(1)(b)omitted where Sch.18applies to disposals of shares to employee share ownership trusts.