Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008

1. Introduction

2. Summary

   1. Part 1: Youth rehabilitation orders

   2. Part 2: Sentencing

   3. Part 3: Appeals

   4. Part 4: Other criminal justice provisions

   5. Part 5: Criminal law

   6. Part 6: International co-operation in relation to criminal justice matters

   7. Part 7: Violent offender orders

   8. Part 8: Anti-social behaviour

   9. Part 9: Policing

   10. Part 10: Special immigration status

   11. Part 11: Miscellaneous

   12. Part 12: General

3. Background

   1. Part 1 – Youth rehabilitation orders

   2. Part 2 - Sentencing

   3. Part 3 - Appeals

   4. Part 4 - Other criminal justice provisions

   5. Part 5 – Criminal law

   6. Part 6 –International co-operation in relation to criminal justice matters

   7. Part 7 – Violent offender orders

   8. Part 8 – Anti-social behaviour

   9. Part 9 - Policing

   10. Part 10 - Special immigration status

   11. Part 11 - Miscellaneous

4. Territorial Extent

5. The Act

   1. Commentary on Sections

      1. Part 1: Youth rehabilitation orders

         1. Section 1 and Schedule 1: Youth rehabilitation orders

         2. Section 2 and Schedule 2: Breach, revocation or amendment of youth rehabilitation orders.

         3. Section 3 and Schedule 3: transfer of youth rehabilitation orders to Northern Ireland.

         4. Section 4:  Meaning of “the responsible officer”

         5. Section 5: Responsible officer and offender: duties in relation to the other

         6. Section 6 and Schedule 4:  Abolition of certain youth orders and related amendments

         7. Section 7: Youth rehabilitation orders: interpretation

         8. Section 8: Isles of Scilly

      2. Part 2: Sentencing

         1. Section 9: Purposes etc of sentencing: offenders under 18

         2. Section 10: Effect of restriction on imposing community sentences

         3. Section 11: Restriction on power to make a community order

         4. Section 12: Pre-sentence reports

         5. Section 13:  Sentences of imprisonment for public protection

         6. Section 14:  Sentences of detention for public protection

         7. Section 15:  Extended sentences for certain violent or sexual offences: persons 18 or over

         8. Section 16:  Extended sentences for certain violent or sexual offences: persons under 18

         9. Section 17:  The assessment of dangerousness

         10. Section 18:  Further amendments relating to sentences for public protection

         11. Section 19: Indeterminate Sentences: determination of tariffs

         12. Section 20: Consecutive terms of imprisonment

         13. Section 21: Credit for period of remand on bail: terms of imprisonment and detention

         14. Section 22: Credit for period of remand on bail: other cases

         15. Section 23 and Schedule 6: Credit for period of remand on bail: transitional provisions

         16. Section 24: Minimum conditions for early release under section 246(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003

         17. Section 25: Release on licence under Criminal Justice Act 2003 of prisoners serving extended sentences

         18. Section 26: Release of certain long-term prisoners under the Criminal Justice Act 1991

         19. Section 27: Application of section 35(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 to prisoners liable to removal from the UK

         20. Section 28: Release of fine defaulters and contemnors under Criminal Justice Act 1991

         21. Section 29: Release of prisoners after recall

             1. Section 255A Further release after recall: introductory

             2. Section 255B Automatic release

             3. 255C Specified offence prisoners and those not suitable for automatic release

             4. 255D Extended sentence prisoners

         22. Section 30: Further review and release of prisoners after recall

         23. Section 31: Recall of life prisoners: abolition of requirement for recommendation by Parole Board

         24. Section 32: Release of prisoners recalled following release under Criminal Justice Act 1991

         25. Section 33: Removal under Criminal Justice Act 1991

         26. Section 34: Removal under Criminal Justice Act 2003

         27. Section 35: Referral conditions

         28. Section 36: Power to revoke a referral order

         29. Section 37: Extension of period for which young offender contract has effect

         30. Section 38: Imposition of unpaid work requirement for breach of community order

         31. Section 39: Youth default orders

      3. Schedule 7: Youth default orders: Modification of provisions applying to youth rehabilitation orders

         1. Section 40: Power to impose attendance centre requirement on fine defaulter

         2. Section 41: Disclosure of information for enforcing fines

            1. New paragraph 9A of Part 3 of Schedule 5 to the Courts Act 2003

            2. New paragraph 9B of Part 3 of Schedule 5 to the Courts Act 2003

      4. Part 3: Appeals

         1. Section 42: Power to dismiss certain appeals following references by the CCRC: England and Wales

         2. Section 43: Power to dismiss certain appeals following references by the CCRC: Northern Ireland

         3. Section 44: Determination of prosecution appeals: England and Wales

         4. Section 45: Determination of prosecution appeals: Northern Ireland

         5. Section 46: Review of sentence on a reference by Attorney General

         6. Section 47 and Schedule 8: Further amendments relating to appeals in criminal cases

      5. Part 4: Other Criminal Justice Provisions

         1. Section 48: Alternatives to prosecution for offenders under 18

      6. Schedule 9: Alternatives to prosecution for offenders under 18

         1. New section 66A of the 1998 Act: Youth conditional cautions

         2. New section 66B of the 1998 Act: The five requirements

         3. New section 66C of the 1998 Act: Financial penalties

         4. New section 66D of the 1998 Act: Variation of conditions

         5. New section 66E of the 1998 Act: Failure to comply with the conditions

         6. New section 66F of the 1998 Act: Restriction on sentencing powers where youth conditional caution given

         7. New section 66G of the 1998 Act: Code of practice on youth conditional cautions

         8. New section 66H of the 1998 Act: Interpretation

            1. Section 49 and Schedule 10: Protection for spent cautions under the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974

            2. Section 50: Criminal conviction certificates and criminal record certificates

            3. Section 51: Bail conditions: electronic monitoring

            4. Section 52 and Schedule 12: Bail for summary offences and certain other offences to be tried summarily

            5. Section 53 and Schedule 13: Allocation of offences triable either way etc.

            6. Section 54: Trial or sentencing in absence of accused in magistrates' courts

            7. Section 55: Extension of powers of non-legal staff

               1. Criminal Legal Aid

            8. Section 56: Provisional grant of right of representation

            9. Section 57: Disclosure of information to enable assessment of financial eligibility

            10. Section 58: Pilot schemes

            11. Section 59: SFO’s pre-investigation powers in relation to bribery and corruption: foreign officers etc.

            12. Section 60:  Contents of an accused’s defence statement

            13. Section 61: Compensation for miscarriages of justice

            14. Section 62: Annual report on the Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998

      7. Part 5: Criminal Law

         1. Section 63: Possession of extreme pornographic images

         2. Section 64: Exclusion of classified films etc.

         3. Section 65: Defences: general

         4. Section 66: Defence: participation in consensual acts

         5. Section 67: Penalties etc. for possession of extreme pornographic images

         6. Section 68 and Schedule 14: Special rules relating to providers of information society services

         7. Section 69: Indecent photographs of children: England and Wales

         8. Section 70: Indecent photographs of children: Northern Ireland

         9. Section 71: Maximum penalty for publication etc. of obscene articles

         10. Section 72: Offences committed outside the United Kingdom

         11. Section 73 and Schedule 15:  Grooming and adoption

         12. Section 74 and Schedule 16: Hatred on the grounds of sexual orientation

         13. Section 75 and Schedule 17: Offences relating to the physical protection of nuclear material and nuclear facilities

      8. Schedule 17:  Offences relating to nuclear material and nuclear facilities

         1. Section 76:  Reasonable force for the purposes of self-defence etc.

         2. Section 77: Power to alter penalty unlawfully obtaining etc. personal data

         3. Section 78: New defence for purposes of journalism and other special purposes

         4. Section 79:  Abolition of common law offences of blasphemy and blasphemous libel

      9. Part 6: International co-operation in relation to criminal matters

         1. Section 80: Requests to other member States: England and Wales

         2. Section 81: Procedure on issue of certificate: England and Wales

         3. Section 82: Requests to other member States: Northern Ireland

         4. Section 83: Procedure on issue of certificate: Northern Ireland

         5. Section 84: Requests from other member States: England and Wales

         6. Section 85: Procedure on receipt of certificate by designated officer

         7. Section 86: Modification of Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980

         8. Section 87: Requests from other member States: Northern Ireland

         9. Section 88: Procedure on receipt of certificate by clerk of petty sessions

         10. Section 89: Modification of Magistrates’ Courts (Northern Ireland) Order 1981

         11. Section 90: Transfer of certificates to central authority for Scotland

         12. Section 91 and Schedules 18 and 19: Recognition of financial penalties: general

         13. Section 92: Interpretation of sections 80 to 91 etc.

         14. Section 93: Delivery of prisoner to a place abroad for purposes of transfer out of the United Kingdom

         15. Section 94: Issue of warrant transferring responsibility for detention and release of offender present outside the country of territory in which he is required to be detained

         16. New Section 4A of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984:  Issue of warrant transferring responsibility for detention and release of offender

         17. New Section 4B of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984:  Transfer of responsibility from the United Kingdom

         18. New Section 4C of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984:  Transfer of responsibility to the United Kingdom

         19. Section 95: Powers to arrest and detain persons believed to fall within section 4A(3) of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984

         20. New Section 4D of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984:  Power to arrest and detain persons suspected of falling within section 4A(3)

         21. New Section 4E of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984:  Arrest and detention of persons believed to fall within section 4A(3)

         22. New Section 4F of the Repatriation of Prisoners Act 1984: Sections 4D and E: supplementary provisions

         23. Section 96:  Amendments relating to Scotland

         24. Section 97: Power to transfer functions under Crime (International Co-operation) Act 2003 in relation to direct taxation

      10. Part 7: Violent offender orders

          1. Section 98: Violent offender orders

          2. Section 99: Qualifying offenders

          3. Section 100: Applications for violent offender orders

          4. Section 101: Making of violent offender orders

          5. Section 102: Provisions that orders may contain

          6. Section 103: Variation, renewal or discharge of violent offender orders

          7. Section 104: Interim violent offender orders

          8. Section 105: Notice of applications

          9. Section 106: Appeals

          10. Section 107: Offenders subject to notification requirements

          11. Section 108: Notification requirements: initial notification

          12. Section 109: Notification requirements: changes

          13. Section 110: Notification requirements: periodic notification

          14. Section 111: Notification requirements: travel outside United Kingdom

          15. Section 112: Method of notification and related matters

          16. Section 113: Offences

          17. Section 114: Supply of information to the Secretary of State etc.

          18. Section 115: Supply of information by Secretary of State etc.

          19. Section 116: Information about release or transfer

          20. Section 117: Interpretation of Part 7

      11. Part 8: Anti-social behaviour

          1. Section 118 and Schedule 20: Closure orders: premises associated with persistent disorder or nuisance

             1. New Section 11A of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure notice

             2. New Section 11B of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure order

             3. New Section 11C of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure order: enforcement

             4. New Section 11D of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Closure of premises associated with persistent disorder or nuisance: offences

             5. New Section 11E of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure order: extension and discharge

             6. New Section 11F of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure order: appeals

             7. New Section 11G of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure order: access to other premises

             8. New Section 11H of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure order: reimbursement of costs

             9. New Section 11I of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure notice or order: exemption from liability

             10. New Section 11J of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure notices and orders: compensation

             11. New Section 11K of the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003: Part 1A closure notices and orders: guidance

          2. Section 119: Offence of causing nuisance or disturbance on NHS premises

          3. Section 120: Power to remove person causing nuisance or disturbance

          4. Section 121: Guidance about the power to remove etc

          5. Section 122 and Schedule 21:  Nuisance or disturbance on HSS premises

          6. Section 123: Review of anti-social behaviour orders etc.

             1. New Section 1J of the 1998 Act

             2. New Section 1K of the 1998 Act

          7. Section 124: Individual support orders

          8. Section 125: Parenting contracts and parenting orders: local authorities

      12. Part 9: Policing

          1. Section 126 and Schedule 22: Police misconduct and performance procedures

          2. Section 127 and Schedule 23: Investigation of complaints of police misconduct etc.

          3. Section 128:  Financial assistance under section 57 of Police Act 1996.

          4. Section 129: Inspection of police authorities

      13. Part 10: Special immigration status

          1. Section 130: Designation

          2. Section 131: “Foreign criminal”

          3. Section 132: Effect of designation

          4. Section 133: Conditions

          5. Section 134: Support

          6. Section 135: Support: supplemental

          7. Section 136: End of designation

          8. Section 137: Interpretation: general

          9. Section 138: Amendment to section 127 of Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994

          10. Section 139: Power to suspend the operation of section 127 of Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994

          11. Section 140: Disclosure of information about convictions etc of child sex offenders to members of the public

          12. Section 141: Sexual offences prevention orders: relevant sexual offences

          13. Section 142: Notification requirements: prescribed information

          14. Section 143: Persistent sales of tobacco to persons under 18

          15. Section 144: Power to require data controllers to pay monetary penalty

          16. Section 145 and Schedule 25 : Amendments to armed forces legislation

          17. Section 146:  Convention against human trafficking

      14. Part 12: General

          1. Section 147: Orders, rules and regulations

          2. Section 148 and Schedules 26 and 27: Consequential etc. amendments and transitional and saving provision

      15. Schedule 26: Minor and consequential amendments

          1. Section 149 and Schedule 28: Repeals and revocations

          2. Section 150: Financial provisions

          3. Section 151: Effect of amendments to criminal justice provisions applied for the purpose of service law.

          4. Section 152: Extent

          5. Section 153: Commencement

          6. Section 154: Short title

6. Commencement

7. Hansard References