Finance Act 1974

PART I Customs and Excise and Value Added Tax

1 Increase of duties on spirits, beer, wine, British wine and tobacco

(1) The rate of the duty of excise chargeable under section 1 of the [1964 c. 49.] Finance Act 1964 on British spirits by virtue of Schedule 1 to the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 shall be increased by £1.5600 per proof gallon.

(2) The rates of the duties of customs chargeable under the said section 1 on imported spirits other than perfumed spirits by virtue of Schedule 1 to the Finance Act 1973 or any relevant order shall each be increased—

(a) in the case of spirits not comprised in paragraph (b) below, by £1.5600 per proof gallon ; and

(b) in the case of liqueurs, cordials, mixtures and other preparations in bottle, entered in such manner as to indicate that the strength is not to be tested, by £2.1000 per liquid gallon.

(3) The rates of the duties of customs and excise chargeable under section 2 of the [1964 c. 49.] Finance Act 1964 on beer by virtue of Schedule 2 to the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 or any relevant order shall each be increased—

(a) except as regards the increases mentioned in paragraph (b) below, by £2.4600 per 36 gallons; and

(b) as regards the increases in the rates of duty falling to be made, in the case of beer of an original gravity exceeding 1,030 degrees, for each additional degree, by £0.0220 per 36 gallons ;

and as respects beer on which there have been paid duties of customs or excise at the said increased rates, the rates of drawback allowable under the said section 2 by virtue of the said Schedule 2 or any such order shall each be increased by the like amount per 36 gallons.

(4) The rates of the duties of customs chargeable under section 3 of the Finance Act 1964 on imported wine by virtue of Schedule 3 to the Finance Act 1973 or any relevant order shall each be increased—

(a) except as regards the additions mentioned in paragraph (b) below, by £0.5450 per gallon ; and

(b) as regards the additions to the rates of duty falling to be made, in the case of wine exceeding 42 degrees of proof spirit, for each additional degree or fraction of a degree, by £0.0450 per gallon.

For the purposes of this subsection " wine " includes the lees of wine.

(5) The rates of the duty of excise chargeable under section 3 of the Finance Act 1964 on British wine by virtue of Schedule 4 to the Finance Act 1973 shall each be increased by £0.5450 per gallon.

(6) The rates of the duties of customs and excise chargeable under section 4 of the Finance Act 1964 on tobacco by virtue of Schedule 5 to the Finance Act 1973 or any relevant order shall each be increased by £1.4000 per pound; and as respects tobacco on which there have been paid duties of customs or excise at the said increased rates, the rates of drawback allowable under the said section 4 by virtue of the said Schedule 5 or any such order shall each be increased by the like amount per pound.

(7) In this section " relevant order " means any order made before 27th March 1974 under subsection (4) of section 1 of the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 (power to alter rates of duties of customs and of drawbacks); and the preceding provisions of this section are without prejudice to the powers conferred on the Treasury by that section.

(8) This section shall be deemed to have come into force on 27th March 1974, and as from 23rd May 1974 shall have effect as if in subsection (4) " relevant order " included the [S.I. 1973/2224.] Customs Duties (Quota Relief) Order 1973 (but without prejudice to the powers conferred on the Secretary of State by section 5 of the [1958 c. 6.] Import Duties Act 1958).

2 Increase of certain duties on betting

(1) In section 1(2)(b) of the [1972 c. 25.] Betting and Gaming Duties Act 1972 and section 17(1)(b) of the [1972 c. 11 (N.I.).] Miscellaneous Transferred Excise Duties Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (general betting duty on bets other than on-course bets) for the words " 6 per cent." there shall be substituted the words " 17 ½ per cent.

This subsection shall be deemed to have come into force on 31st March 1974.

(2) For the purposes of the pool betting duty on bets made at any time by reference to any event taking place after 31st March 1974, section 7(1) of the Betting and Gaming Duties Act 1972 and section 18(1) of the Miscellaneous Transferred Excise Duties Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (under which the amount of the duty is 33 ⅓ per cent, of the amount on which the duty falls to be computed) shall each have effect with the substitution for the words " 33 ⅓ per cent. " of the words " 40 per cent.", except in the case of bets made by way of pool betting in respect of a competition for prizes held by—

(a) the holder of a licence under the [1971 c. 57.] Pool Competitions Act 1971, or

(b) any person approved by the Secretary of State in that behalf on the recommendation of the Gaming Board for Great Britain,

in respect of which the amount of the pool betting duty shall be 33 1/3 per cent.

3 Continuation of powers under section 9 of Finance Act 1961

The period after which orders of the Treasury under section 9 of the [1961 c. 36.] Finance Act 1961 may not be made or continue in force (which, by section 3 of the Finance Act 1973, was extended until the end of August 1974) shall extend until the end of August 1975 or such later date as Parliament may hereafter determine.

4 Delivery of rum for home use after two years' warehousing

In section 109(1) of the [1952 c. 44.] Customs and Excise Act 1952 (which, subject to various exceptions, prohibits the delivery of spirits for home use unless they have been warehoused for a period of at least three years), after the words " three years " there shall be inserted the words " or, in the case of rum, at least two years ".

5 Value added tax-time of supply

Part I of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 (and in particular section 7(8) shall have effect as if references to cases where—

(a) goods or services are supplied for a consideration the whole or part of which is determined or payable periodically or at the end of any period ; or

(b) goods are supplied for a consideration the whole or part of which is determined at the time when the goods are appropriated for any purpose; or

(c) goods are supplied on hire for any period ; or

(d) services are supplied for any period,

included cases where the supply took place or began before the passing of that Act.

6 Value added tax tribunals

(1) Schedule 6 to the Finance Act 1972 shall be amended in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(2) In paragraph 3(4) after the word "pension" there shall be inserted the words " allowance or gratuity ".

(3) In paragraph 7(2), for the words from the beginning to " one to " there shall be substituted the words " One member of each panel of chairmen shall ".

(4) In paragraph 7(3)—

(a) for the words from the beginning to " be appointed " (where those words first occur) there shall be substituted the words " Appointments to a panel of chairmen shall be made "; and

(b) for the words from " all" to " be appointed " (where those words next occur) there shall be substituted the words " appointments to a panel of other members shall be made " ;

but these amendments shall not affect any appointment to a panel of chairmen made by the Treasury before the passing of this Act.

(5) In paragraph 7(4), the word " full-time " (in both places where it occurs) shall be omitted and after the word " pension " there shall be inserted the words " allowance or gratuity ".

(6) In paragraph 7(5), the word " full-time " shall be omitted.

PART II Income Tax, Corporation Tax and Capital Gains Tax (General)

7 Charge of income tax for 1974-75

(1) Income tax for the year 1974-75 shall be charged at the basic rate of 33 per cent.; and

(a) in respect of so much of an individual's total income as exceeds £4,500 at such higher rates as are specified in the Table below ; and

(b) in respect of so much of the investment income included in an individual's total income as exceeds £2,000 at the additional rate of 15 per cent.

TABLE

Part of excess over £4,500	Higher rate
The first £500	38 per cent.
The next £1,000	43 per cent.
The next £1,000	48 per cent.
The next £1,000	53 per cent.
The next £2,000	58 per cent.
The next £2.000	63 per cent
The next £3,000	68 per cent.
The next £5,000	73 per cent.
The remainder	83 per cent.

(2) In section 59(2) of the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973, in the definition of " the additional rate ", after the words " [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 " there shall be inserted the words " or, if more than one, the higher or highest of them ".

8 Increase of surtax rates for 1972-73

(1) Subject to the following provisions of this section, section 10 of the Finance Act 1973 (surtax rates for 1972-73) shall have effect as if—

(a) each of the higher rates applied by subsection (1) of that section were increased by 10 per cent, of the difference between that rate and the standard rate for the year 1972-73 (the differences being equal to the percentages specified in the Table in section 12(1) of the [1970 c. 24.] Finance Act 1970); and

(b) the 40 per cent, mentioned in subsection (2) of that section (reduced marginal rate) were increased to 44 per cent.;

and so much of the surtax charged for that year as is attributable to this section is in the following provisions of this section referred to as " the surcharge ".

(2) The surtax charged by any assessment made before 1st July 1974 in acordance with section 10 of the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 as originally enacted shall, unless by that date a further assessment has been made in respect of the surcharge, be treated as from that date as varied in accordance with subsection (1) above by virtue of this Act and without more.

(3) The provisions of the Income Tax Acts prescribing dates for the payment and recovery of surtax (which, in relation to surtax, have effect as originally enacted) shall be modified as follows—

(a) section 4(3) of the Taxes Act (payment by individuals) shall have effect as if the 1st January mentioned in it were, in relation to one half of the surcharge, 1st July 1974. and, in relation to the other half, 1st January 1975. ; and section 24 of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 (claims for deferment) shall not apply in relation to the surcharge and shall not by reason of the surcharge apply to any amount to which it does not apply apart from the surcharge; and

(b) section 297(6) of the Taxes Act (recovery from close company or participator) shall have effect as if the 1st and 2nd January mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) respectively of the proviso were, in relation to one half of the surcharge, 1st and 2nd July 1974 and, in relation to the other half, 1st and 2nd January 1975 ;

and 1st July 1974 and 1st January 1975 shall also be taken for the purposes of section 88 of the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970 (interest on tax recovered to make good loss due to taxpayer's fault) as the dates when one half of the surcharge and the other half ought to have been paid respectively.

(4) Where the surcharge is charged by an assessment treated under subsection (2) above as varied it shall be deemed for the purposes of section 86 of the Taxes Management Act 1970 (interest on overdue tax) to be charged by an assessment separately made.

(5) Sections 40 and 41 of the Taxes Act (recovery of tax attributable to wife's income) shall have effect in relation to the surcharge as if it had been charged by an assessment separately made, as if that assessment had been made before the service of any notice for the year 1972-73 under section 41(1) of that Act, and with any other necessary modifications.

(6) Section 29 of the Taxes Act (relief in case of death) shall, in relation to surtax for the year 1972-73, apply to a person who died after the end of that year but before 27th March 1974 as it applies to a person who died in that year.

(7) Where surtax for the year 1972-73 has been assessed on any person in the name of a company which is dissolved before the end of January 1975 (and whether before or after the passing of this Act) and, the assessment having been made in accordance with section 10 of the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 as originally enacted, a notice of charge under section 297(6) of the Taxes Act is served on that person in respect of the surcharge, the surcharge shall become payable by him, without any election under that section, on whichever of the following is the latest, that is to say, 1st January 1975, the day after the service of the notice, and the day after the dissolution of the company.

(8) Section 21 of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 (under which the rate of capital gains tax may depend on the rates of income tax, including surtax) shall have effect as if the preceding provisions of this section had not been enacted.

9 Charge of corporation tax for financial year 1973

Corporation tax shall be charged for the financial year 1973 at the rate of 52 per cent.

10 Corporation tax-other rates and fractions

(1) The fractions by which, under section 93(2) of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972, chargeable gains are to be reduced before they are included in a company's profits for the purposes of corporation tax shall be—

(a) for companies other than authorised unit trusts or investment trusts, eleven twenty-sixths ; and

(b) for authorised unit trusts and investment trusts, thirty seven fifty-seconds;

and the fraction specified in paragraph (b) above shall, as from 1st April 1973, replace that specified in section 93(2).

(2) The small companies rate for the financial year 1973 shall be 42 per cent, and for that year the fraction mentioned in section 95(2) of the Finance Act 1972 (marginal relief for small companies) shall be one-sixth.

(3) The special rate for the purposes of section 96 of the Finance Act 1972 (relief for industrial and provident societies, housing associations and building societies) shall for the financial year 1973 and subsequent years be 40 per cent.

11 Mitigation of corporation tax liability of small companies

For any financial year after 1972 for references to the amounts of £15,000 and £25,000 in section 95(3)(a) of the Finance Act 1972 there shall be substituted the amounts of £25,000 and £40,000 and for references to the amounts of £15,000 and £25,000 in section 95(3)(b) of the same Act there shall be substituted the amounts of £25,000 and of £40,000.

12 Rate of advance corporation tax for financial year 1974

The rate of advance corporation tax for the financial year 1974 shall be thirty-three sixty-sevenths.

13 Payments in addition to advance corporation tax due in financial year 1974

(1) Where a company is liable to pay an amount of advance corporation tax and that amount (whenever paid) is due at any time during the financial year 1974 the company shall be liable to make, in addition, a payment of one-half of that amount; but nothing in this section shall require such a payment to be made by the trustees of an authorised unit trust or by an investment trust (within the meaning of Chapter VI of Part XII of the Taxes Act).

(2) Where a company makes a payment under this section the payment shall, subject to subsection (3) below, be deemed to be made on account of its liability to corporation tax for the relevant accounting period; and accordingly, if the amount of the payments made under this section exceeds the amount of that liability, the excess shall be repaid to the company.

(3) Where throughout the relevant accounting period of a company which makes a payment under this section (in this subsection referred to as " the parent company") another company is a subsidiary of the parent company for the purposes of section 92 of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972, the parent company may by notice in writing to the inspector elect that, to the extent only of the subsidiary's liability to corporation tax for the subsidiary's relevant accounting period, or to such less extent as may be specified in the notice, the payment shall be deemed to be made on account of that liability.

(4) A payment under this section shall, if the amount of advance corporation tax by reference to which it is to be made is due before 1st September 1974, be due on that day and shall in any other case be due at the same time as that amount; and any such payment shall be made without the making of an assessment.

(5) Where an amount of advance corporation tax due and paid before 1st September 1974 is repaid before that date under paragraph 4 of Schedule 14 to the Finance Act 1972, that amount shall be left out of account for the purposes of this section; and where, after a company has made a payment under this section, the whole or part of the advance corporation tax by reference to which it was made is repaid under that paragraph, there shall be repaid to the company, together with the advance corporation tax, so much of the payment as does not exceed one-half of the amount of advance corporation tax so repaid.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) above any repayment of advance corporation tax made after the end of the financial year 1974 shall, if it might be attributed either to advance corporation tax due during that year or to advance corporation tax due after that year, be attributed to advance corporation tax due after that year.

(7) Except as provided by subsection (5) above or subsection (8) below, the repayment of any amount under this section shall be made at the time payment of the corporation tax on account of which it is deemed to be made is due (or, as the case may be, would be due if there were any liability to corporation tax).

(8) If the inspector is satisfied before the time mentioned in subsection (7) above that an amount falls to be repaid under that subsection, that amount shall be repaid when the inspector is so satisfied; but no repayment shall be made by virtue of this subsection before 1st September 1975.

(9) The relevant accounting period for the purposes of this section shall be determined as follows, but subject to subsection (10)(b) below:—

(a) if the company has an accounting period ending in the financial year 1974 which is a period of twelve months or is the company's first accounting period, that period shall be the relevant accounting period;

(b) if the company does not have such an accounting period but has an accounting period ending in the financial year 1974, that accounting period (or if more than one the first of them) and, so far as necessary, any subsequent accounting period shall be a relevant accounting period; and

(c) if the company has no accounting period ending in the financial year 1974 its first accounting period ending after that financial year shall be the relevant accounting period;

but where a relevant accounting period falling under paragraph (b) above is a period of less than twelve months it shall be the relevant accounting period for such part only of the payments made under this section and repayments due to the company under subsection (7) of this section as bears to the whole thereof the same proportion as the length of that period bears to twelve months.

(10) Where the affairs of a company are wound up, then—

(a) if the winding-up commenced before 1st January 1974, the company shall not be required to make any payment by virtue of this section ; and

(b) if the winding-up commenced on or after that date but before the end of the financial year 1974 and the company so elects by notice in writing given to the inspector, the accounting period ending with the commencement of the winding-up shall be the relevant accounting period.

(11) If any payment to be made under this section is not made at the time it is due the amount of the payment may be assessed on the company and shall carry interest as if it were an amount of tax assessable in accordance with Schedule 14 to the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972; and for the purpose of recovering the whole or part of the interest the amount of the payment may be so assessed whether or not it has been paid.

14 Alteration of personal reliefs

(1) Chapter II of Part I of the Taxes Act shall be amended in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(2) In section 8 (personal relief)—

(a) for the reference in subsection (1)(a) (married) to £775 there shall be substituted a reference to £865 ; and

(b) for the references in subsections (1)(b) (single) and (2) (wife's earned income relief) to £595 there shall be substituted references to £625.

(3) In section 10(3) (appropriate amount for child)—

(a) for the reference to £265 (child over sixteen) there shall be substituted a reference to £305 ;

(b) for the reference to £235 (child over eleven but not over sixteen) there shall be substituted a reference to £275; and

(c) for the reference to £200 (child not over eleven) there shall be substituted a reference to £240.

(4) In section 14 (additional relief for widows and others in respect of children) for the references to £130 there shall be substituted references to £180.

(5) In section 7 (persons over sixty-five with small incomes)—

(a) for the references to £700 and £1,000 (income limits for exemption) there shall be substituted references to £810 and £1,170;

(b) for the reference to £340 (excess over those limits beyond which relief by reduction of tax is excluded) there shall be substituted a reference to £565 ; and

(c) for the reference to 50 per cent, (percentage governing relief by reduction of tax) there shall be substituted a reference to 55 per cent.

(6) In section 24 (reduction on account of family allowances) for the reference to £60 there shall be substituted a reference to £52.

15 Maintenance payments

(1) Where an individual's income for any year of assessment consists of or includes amounts paid as maintenance payments to him or for his benefit, the first £1,000 of those amounts shall not be investment income for the purposes mentioned in section 32(3) of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971.

(2) In this section—

• " maintenance payments " means payments made by a party to a marriage by way of provision for the other party or for a child of both or either of the parties, or payments by way of provision for a child which are made by his natural father;

• " marriage " includes a marriage which has been dissolved or annulled;

• " child " includes an illegitimate child and an adopted child;

and for the purposes of this section payments to or for the benefit of a party to a marriage which are made under a settlement (within the meaning of Chapter III of Part XVI of the Taxes Act) made by the other party shall be treated as made by the other party if they are made during his life.

16 Partnership retirement annuities

(1) Where a person (in this section referred to as the former partner) has ceased to be a member of a partnership on retirement because of age or ill-health or on death and, under—

(a) the partnership agreement; or

(b) an agreement replacing the partnership agreement or supplementing it or supplementing an agreement replacing it; or

(c) an agreement made with an individual who acquires the whole or part of the business carried on by the partnership;

annual payments are made for the benefit of the former partner or his widow or a dependant of his and are for the purposes of income tax income of the person for whose benefit they are made, the payments shall be treated as earned income of that person, except to the extent that they exceed the limit specified in subsection (2) below, and shall not reduce the income which is chargeable as investment income of any other person.

(2) The limit mentioned in subsection (1) above is 50 per cent, of the average of the amounts which, in the best three of the relevant years of assessment, were the former partner's shares of the relevant profits or gains; and for this purpose—

(a) the former partner's share in any year of the relevant profits or gains is so much of the relevant profits or gains as fell to be included in a return of his income for that year; and

(b) the relevant profits or gains are the profits or gains of any trade, profession or vocation on which the partnership or any other partnership of which the former partner was a member was assessed to income tax; and

(c) the relevant years of assessment are the last seven years of assessment in which he was required to devote substantially the whole of his time to acting as a partner in the partnership or those partnerships ; and

(d) the best three of the relevant years of assessment are those three of them in which the amounts of his shares of the relevant profits were highest;

but where, in any of the relevant years, the circumstances were such that any of the profits or gains of a partnership were not assessable to income tax, paragraphs (a), (b) and (d) above shall apply as they would apply had those profits or gains been so assessable.

17 Expenditure on fire safety

(1) If a person carrying on a trade has on or after 1st June 1972 incurred expenditure in taking steps specified in a notice served on him by the fire authority under section 5(4) of the [1971 c. 40.] Fire Precautions Act 1971, and—

(a) the notice was issued on an application for a fire certificate in respect of premises used by him for the purposes of the trade ; and

(b) an allowance or deduction in respect of the expenditure could not, apart from this section, be made in taxing the trade or computing the profits or gains arising from it;

Chapter I of Part III of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 shall apply as if the expenditure were capital expenditure incurred on the provision of machinery or plant for the purposes of the trade, and as if the machinery or plant had, in consequence of his incurring the expenditure, belonged to him and had been in use for the purposes of the trade; and as if the disposal value of the machinery or plant were nil.

(2) This section shall be construed as if contained in Chapter I of Part III of the Finance Act 1971.

18 Expenses allowances to directors and others

Section 198(3) of the Taxes Act shall have effect for the year 1975-76 and subsequent years of assessment as if for the references to £2,000 there were substituted references to £5,000.

19 Restrictions on relief for interest

(1) In section 75 of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 (relief for payment of interest)—

(a) in subsection (1) for the words " and makes a claim to relief under this subsection, then" there shall be substituted the words " and the interest is stated in Schedule 9 to this Act or in Part III of Schedule 1 to the Finance Act 1974 to be eligible for relief under this section, then, if he makes a claim to the relief and ";

(b) after subsection (1) there shall be inserted the following subsection:—

“(1A) Relief under this section shall not be given in respect of interest on a debt incurred by overdrawing an account or by debiting the account of any person as the holder of a credit card or under similar arrangements.”;

(c) subsections (3) to (5) shall be omitted ; and

(d) at the end of subsection (7) there shall be added the words " and Schedule 1 to the Finance Act 1974 ".

(2) The provisions of the Taxes Act and of the Finance Act 1972 mentioned in Schedule 1 to this Act shall have effect subject to the amendments specified therein.

(3) The preceding provisions of this section apply in relation to any interest paid after 26th March 1974 unless it is excepted from this subsection by the following provisions of this section; and where any interest which is so excepted would also be eligible for relief under section 75 of the Finance Act 1972 as amended by this Act, the relief shall not be restricted by virtue of subsection (3) of that section.

(4) Interest is excepted from subsection (3) above if it is payable on a debt incurred on or before 26th March 1974 or on a debt replacing one so incurred and—

(a) where it is payable on an overdraft, it is payable before 6th April 1975 ; and

(b) where it is not payable on an overdraft but on a debt replacing an overdraft, the overdraft was replaced (either by the debt on which the interest is payable or by another debt which was not an overdraft) before 6th April 1975 and the interest is payable before 6th April 1980; and

(c) in any other case the interest is payable before 6th April 1980;

but where the interest is payable on an overdraft or on a debt replacing an overdraft it shall be eligible for relief to the extent only that it or, as the case may be, the amount on which it is payable, does not exceed the limit imposed by subsection (5) below.

(5) The limit on the interest excepted by virtue of paragraph (a) of subsection (4) above is the amount of interest that would be payable after 26th March 1974 and before 6th April 1975 on an amount equal to the debit balance on 26th March 1974 of the overdrawn account and at the rate at which interest on that balance was chargeable on 26th March 1974; and the limit on the amount interest payable on which is excepted by paragraph (b) of that subsection is that debit balance.

(6) For the purposes of this section—

(a) a debt replaces another if it is incurred for the purpose of discharging that other debt or a debt replacing it;

(b) a debt incurred by overdrawing an account which had a debit balance on 26th March 1974 shall be treated as incurred on or before that date ; and

(c) a debt incurred by debiting the account of a person as the holder of a credit card or under similar arrangements shall be treated as incurred by overdrawing that account and " overdraft" shall be construed accordingly.

(7) Where, by virtue of Part I of Schedule 9 to the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 as originally enacted, interest on a loan would be protected interest, and it is proved by written evidence—

(a) that the money raised by the loan and applied as mentioned in that Part was so applied in pursuance of a binding contract entered into on or before 26th March 1974; and

(b) that the loan was made in pursuance of an offer made by the lender on or before that date and that the offer either was in writing or was evidenced by a note or memorandum made by the lender on or before that date;

the debt on which the interest is payable shall be deemed for the purposes of subsection (4) above to have been incurred on or before that date.

20 Share option and share incentive schemes

(1) The following provisions shall cease to have effect—

(a) section 78 of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 (approved share option schemes) except in its application to cases where a right obtained as mentioned therein was exercised before 27th March 1974 ; and

(b) subsections (2)(a) and (3)(a) of section 79 of that Act (which exclude the application of subsections (4) and (7) of that section in cases of acquisitions under approved share incentive schemes) except in their application to cases where the acquisition was made before that day; and

(c) paragraph 7(a) of Schedule 8 to the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 (certain matters not to be regarded as restrictions attaching to shares) except in its application to cases where the shares were acquired before 26th April 1974.

(2) In paragraph 1 of Schedule 8 to the Finance Act 1973 the following sub-paragraph shall be substituted for sub-paragraph (b)—

“(b) the shares satisfy the condition stated in paragraph 3 below, and are either shares of a class quoted on a recognised stock exchange or shares in a company which is not under the control of another company”.

21 Cases I and II of Schedule E

(1) In paragraph 1 of Schedule E as set out in section 181(1) of the Taxes Act the following shall be substituted for Cases I and II:—

• “Case I: where the person holding the office or employment is resident and ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, any emoluments for the chargeable period, subject, however, to the deduction or exception provided for in Schedule 2 to the Finance Act 1974 if in the chargeable period he performs the duties of the office or employment wholly outside the United Kingdom or the emoluments are foreign emoluments;

• Case II: where that person is not resident or, if resident, then not ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, any emoluments for the chargeable period in respect of duties performed in the United Kingdom, subject, however, to the deduction provided for in Schedule 2 to the Finance Act 1974 if the emoluments are foreign emoluments;”

and in the words beginning with " The emoluments excepted from Cases I and II as foreign emoluments " for " excepted from " there shall be substituted " referred to in " .

(2) Where a person performs any duties of an office or employment in the United Kingdom, his emoluments from any other office or employment shall not be treated for the purposes of Case I of Schedule E as emoluments in respect of duties performed wholly outside the United Kingdom unless he shows that their amount would have been the same whether or not the duties of any office or employment which he performs in the United Kingdom were performed by him.

(3) In section 188(2) of the Taxes Act (exemptions and reliefs in respect of tax under section 187)—

(a) paragraph (b) and the words following paragraph (c) shall be omitted and paragraph (c) shall become paragraph (b); and

(b) for the words from the beginning to " (a) in any case, that" there shall be substituted the words

“Tax shall not be charged by virtue of section 187 above in respect of one-half of a payment in the case of which the conditions in paragraph to) below are satisfied and shall not be charged in respect of any payment in the case of which the conditions in paragraph (b) below are satisfied ; and those conditions are—

(a) that”and

(c) in the paragraph which becomes paragraph (b) for the words preceding " that the foreign service " there shall be substituted the words " that the payment is in respect of an office or employment in which the holder's service included foreign service and ".

(4) In Schedule 8 to the Taxes Act—

(a) in paragraph 6 the words " and not being a payment of compensation for loss of office " shall be omitted; and

(b) in paragraph 16 after the words " means service" there shall be inserted the words " before the year 1974-75 " and after sub-paragraph (b) there shall be inserted the words " or service after the year 1973-74 such that emoluments from the office or employment were not chargeable under Case I of Schedule E (or would not have been so chargeable, had there been any) or that a deduction equal to their whole amount was or would have been allowable under paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the Finance Act 1974 in charging them ".

(5) In section 221(4) of the Taxes Act, for the words from " but" to " employment for that year " there shall be substituted the words " but either—

(a) the circumstances in which he performs the duties of his employment are such that no tax is chargeable under Case I or II of Schedule E in respect of the emoluments of his employment for that year (or would have been so chargeable had there been any); or

(b) those emoluments are foreign emoluments within the meaning of paragraph 1 of Schedule E and the Board are satisfied, on a claim made by the employee, that the payments in question are made pursuant to a scheme or to a fund which corresponds to such a scheme or fund as is mentioned in subsection (1) or (2) above ".

(6) In Schedule 12 to the Taxes Act (double taxation relief: Republic of Ireland) in paragraph 3(3) of Part III, for the words " excepted from " there shall be substituted the words " referred to in " and for the words " shall not include " the words " shall be taken not to include ".

(7) For subsection (2) of section 24 of the [1970 c. 24.] Finance Act 1970 there shall be substituted the following subsection:—

“(2) Neither subsection (1) nor subsection (2) of the last preceding section shall apply for any year of assessment where the employee performs the duties of his employment in such circumstances that no tax is chargeable under Case I or Case II of Schedule E in respect of the emoluments of his employment (or would be so chargeable were there such emoluments) or where the emoluments from the employment are foreign emoluments within the meaning of paragraph 1 of Schedule E and the Board are satisfied, on a claim made by the employee, that the retirement benefits scheme in question corresponds to such a scheme as is mentioned in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of subsection (1) above.”

(8) Schedule 2 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the deductions and exception referred to in Cases I and II of Schedule E as substituted by subsection (1) above.

(9) This section has effect for the year 1974-75 and subsequent years of assessment; but tax shall not be chargeable for any of those years under Case III of Schedule E on emoluments which, if this section had had effect for earlier years, would have fallen under Case I or Case II.

22 Foreign pensions or annuities

(1) In section 122 of the Taxes Act paragraph (c) of subsection (2) (remittance basis for income arising from foreign pension) shall be omitted; but in charging any income arising from a pension which would have fallen under that paragraph a deduction of one-tenth of its amount shall be allowed unless it is the income of a person falling under paragraph (a) of that subsection.

(2) Where any income chargeable in accordance with subsection (1) above arises from a pension payable under any special provision made by the law of the Federal Republic of Germany or any part of it or of Austria for victims of National-Socialist persecution, the deduction to be made under that subsection shall be equal to one-half instead of one-tenth of the amount of the income.

(3) A deduction of one-tenth of its amount shall also be allowed in charging any pension or annuity to tax under paragraph 4 of Schedule E.

(4) In section 53(5) of the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 (change of source of payment not to affect liability to tax) paragraph (a) (limitation to pensions chargeable under Case V of Schedule D) shall be omitted.

(5) This section has effect for the year 1974-75 and subsequent years of assessment; and where, as a result of subsection (1) of this section, the particulars required by a notice given under section 8 of the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970 before the commencement of this Act are insufficient a further notice under that section may be given, but limited to such further particulars as may be required for the purposes of this section.

23 Income from trade, etc. carried on abroad

(1) In section 122 of the Taxes Act paragraph (b) of subsection (2) (remittance basis for income derived from trade, profession or vocation carried on abroad) shall be omitted and any income which would have fallen under that paragraph shall, unless it is the income of a person falling under paragraph (a) of that subsection, be computed in accordance with the rules applicable to Cases I and II of Schedule D, and subsection (1)(a) of that section shall not apply to it.

(2) Subject to the following provisions of this section—

(a) the following provisions of the Taxes Act (so far as applicable) namely, sections 168 to 172 and 174 shall apply in relation to a loss incurred by any person in the year 1973-74 or a subsequent year of assessment in the carrying on of a trade, profession or vocation chargeable in accordance with subsection (1) above as they apply to a loss incurred in a trade, profession or vocation chargeable to tax under Case I or Case II of Schedule D ; and

(b) the [1968 c. 3.] Capital Allowances Act 1968 and Part III of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 shall apply in relation to such a trade, profession or vocation as is first mentioned in paragraph (a) above as they apply to one such as is last mentioned therein.

(3) In charging the income from any trade, profession or vocation in accordance with subsection (1) above there shall be allowed a deduction of one-quarter of the amount of that income and the like deduction shall be made from any charge made by virtue of subsection (2)(b) above; and any relief given by virtue of subsection (2) above in respect of the amount of any loss or allowance shall be confined to tax on three-quarters of that amount.

(4) Relief shall not be given by virtue of subsection (2)(a) above except on income in the charging of which to tax a deduction is to be allowed under this section or section 22 of, or Schedule 2 to, this Act.

(5) This section has effect for the year 1974-75 and subsequent years of assessment; and where, as a result of this section, the particulars required by a notice given under section 8 of the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970 before the commencement of this Act are insufficient a further notice under that section may be given, but limited to such further particulars as may be required for the purposes of this section.

(6) Nothing in this section shall be taken—

(a) to permit any capital allowances to be made for a year earlier than the year 1974-75 and carried forward to that or a subsequent year ; or

(b) to apply sections 115 to 118 or section 154 of the Taxes Act (basis of assessment and change in ownership of trade, etc.) in relation to income chargeable under Case V of Schedule D but computed in accordance with subsection (1) above.

(7) Where tax on the income from any trade, profession or vocation is chargeable for the year 1974-75 in accordance with subsection (1) above and would not, apart from this subsection, be computed on the income arising in that year, then, if the person charged so requires by notice in writing given to the inspector not later than six years after the end of that year, the tax shall be computed on the amount of the income so arising, and such adjustments shall be made, whether by repayment of tax, assessment or otherwise, as may be necessary to give effect to this subsection.

24 Returns of persons treated as employees

Where a person performs in the United Kingdom for a continuous period of not less than thirty days duties of an office or employment and—

(a) the office or employment is under or with a person resident outside and not resident in the United Kingdom; but

(b) the duties are performed for the benefit of a person resident or carrying on a trade, profession or vocation in the United Kingdom ;

section 15 of the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970 (return of employees) except paragraph (b) of subsection (1) (payments made in respect of employment) shall apply as if the person performing the duties were employed by the person for whose benefit they are performed; and any notice given to him under section 8 of the Taxes Management Act 1970 may require a return of his income to include particulars of any emoluments paid to him, whether or not tax is chargeable on them.

25 Sub-contractors in construction industry

(1) In section 30 of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 (exceptions from section 29) in subsection (3) for the words " a certificate " onwards there shall be substituted the words " on such an application a separate certificate may be issued in respect of the firm to each of the partners ".

(2) In subsection (7) of the said section 30, at the end of paragraph (d) (power to make regulations requiring production of certificates) there shall be added the words " and providing for the completion and delivery of forms supplied by the Board certifying such production ".

(3) A person to whom a certificate is issued under the said section 30 shall take all reasonable steps to ensure its safe custody; and any person who, without lawful authority or excuse—

(a) disposes of any such certificate or any form supplied by the Board in connection with regulations made by virtue of subsection (7)(d) of that section, or

(b) possesses such a certificate or form or any document purporting to be such a certificate or form,

shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding £500.

(4) Notwithstanding any enactment prescribing the period within which summary proceedings may be commenced, proceedings for an offence under subsection (6) of the said section 30 or under subsection (3) above may be commenced at any time within three years from the commission of the offence.

26 Life insurance companies

(1) The following provisions of this section shall have effect in relation to any accounting period of an insurance company carrying on life assurance business which falls wholly after 31st March 1973 and any part falling after that date of such an accounting period beginning before and ending after that date.

(2) The policy holders' share of the life assurance gains shall not be reduced under section 93(2) of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972, but corporation tax charged on so much of that share as remains after setting against it the amounts referred to in subsection (3)(c) below shall be calculated as if the rate of corporation tax were whichever of the following is the less—

(a) the rate at which capital gains tax is chargeable under section 20(3) of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 for the year of assessment in which the accounting period ends; and

(b) 37.5 per cent.

(3) For the purposes of this section there shall be ascertained the policy holders' share and the remainder (in this subsection referred to as the residual part) of the life assurance gains and of the relevant reliefs ; and—

(a) the residual part of the relevant reliefs shall be set against so much of the residual part of those gains as remains after reducing it in accordance with section 93(2) of the Finance Act 1972 ; and

(b) if the residual part of the relevant reliefs exceeds the residual part, as so reduced, of those gains, the excess (or so much of it as does not, together with the policy holders' share of the relevant reliefs, exceed the policy holders' share of those gains) shall be added to the policy holders' share of the relevant reliefs ; and

(c) the policy holders' share of the relevant reliefs, with any addition made under paragraph (b) above, shall be set against the policy holders' share of the life assurance gains.

(4) For the purposes of this section—

(a) the life assurance gains are such part of the amount to be included, in accordance with section 265 of the Taxes Act, in the company's total profits as is attributable to gains from investments held in connection with the company's life assurance business ;

(b) the policy holders' share of the life assurance gains or of the relevant reliefs is such fraction thereof as is equal to the fraction of the profits of the company in respect of its life assurance business which, under section 309 of the Taxes Act, is excluded from the computation of those profits or would be so excluded if the profits were computed in accordance with the provisions applicable to Case I of Schedule D; and

(c) the relevant reliefs are such of the sums to be deducted from or set off against the company's profits as are deducted from or set off against the life assurance gains.

(5) Section 322 of the Taxes Act (deduction of tax from chargeable gains) shall have effect as if the proviso to subsection (3) thereof had not been included among the repeals made by the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972; and section 93(8) of that Act (which modified that subsection) shall cease to have effect.

27 Friendly societies

(1) Where this section applies to a registered friendly society—

(a) section 332(1) of the Taxes Act shall not exempt the society from income tax or corporation tax on its profits arising after 26th March 1974 otherwise than from life or endowment business ; and

(b) if the society, after 26th March 1974 or such later date as may be specified in a direction under this section, makes a payment to a member in respect of his interest in the society and the payment is made otherwise than in the course of life or endowment business and exceeds the aggregate of any sums paid by him to the society by way of contributions or deposits, after deducting from that aggregate the amount of—

(i) any previous payment so made to him by the society after that date, and

(ii) any earlier repayment of such sums paid by him,

the excess shall be treated for the purposes of corporation tax and income tax as a qualifying distribution.

(2) This section applies to any society registered after 31st May 1973 unless—

(a) its business is limited to the provision, in accordance with the rules of the society, of benefits for or in respect of employees of a particular employer or such other group of persons as is for the time being approved for the purposes of this section by the registrar; or

(b) it was registered before 27th March 1974 and its rules limit the aggregate amount which may be paid by a member by way of contributions and deposits to not more than £1 per month or such greater amount as the registrar may authorise for the purposes of this section;

and also applies to any society registered before 1st June 1973 with respect to which a direction under the following provisions of this section is in force.

(3) If a friendly society registered before 1st June 1973 begins after 26th March 1974 to carry on business other than life or endowment business or, in the opinion of the registrar, begins to carry on business other than life or endowment business on an enlarged scale or of a new character, and it appears to the registrar, having regard to the restrictions imposed by this section on friendly societies registered later, that for the protection of the revenue it is expedient to do so, he may serve a notice on the society referring to the provisions of this subsection and stating that he is considering the question whether, for the protection of the revenue, it is expedient to give a direction that this section shall apply to the society as from such date as may be specified in the notice, being the date when in the opinion of the registrar the relevant change in the society's activities took place.

(4) The registrar shall consider any representations or undertakings made or offered to him by the society within the period of one month from service of the notice, and if the society so requests shall afford it an opportunity of being heard by him not later than three weeks after the end of that period.

(5) If, after consideration of any such representations or undertakings, the registrar remains of the opinion that it is expedient to do so, he shall direct that this section shall apply to the society as from the date specified in the notice, but subject to any further direction given by him cancelling that direction.

(6) A friendly society may, within one month from the giving of a direction under this section, appeal against it to the court to which or person to whom it might appeal under section 77A of the [1896 c. 25.] Friendly Societies Act 1896 or section 81 of the [1970 c. 31 (N.I.).] Friendly Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1970 against cancellation of its registration.

(7) For the purposes of this section a registered friendly society formed on the amalgamation of two or more friendly societies shall be treated as registered before 1st June 1973 if at the time of the amalgamation this section did not apply to any of the societies amalgamated, but otherwise shall be treated as registered at that time.

(8) In this section—

• " life or endowment business " has the same meaning as in Chapter III of Part XII of the Taxes Act;

• " the registrar " means the Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies or the assistant registrar for Scotland or the registrar having corresponding functions under the law of Northern Ireland;

and references to a friendly society include references to any branch of the society.

(9) In section 335 of the Taxes Act, in subsection (4) the words from " but" to the end shall be omitted; and after that subsection there shall be inserted the following subsection—

“(4A) A friendly society may, within one month from the giving of a direction under this section, appeal against it to the court to which or person to whom it might appeal under section 77A of the [1896 c. 25.] Friendly Societies Act 1896 or section 81 of the [1970 c. 31 (N.I.).] Friendly Societies Act (Northern Ireland) 1970 against cancellation of its registration.”

28 Trade unions

(1) In section 338 of the Taxes Act (exemption for trade unions)—

(a) references to a registered trade union shall be construed as including references to a trade union entered in the list of trade unions maintained under the [1974 c. 52.] Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974 ; and

(b) in subsection (2) (definition of " provident benefits " by reference to registered rules) the word " registered" shall be omitted.

(2) Section 123(2) of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 (which restricts the exemption conferred by section 338 of the Taxes Act) shall cease to have effect.

29 Depreciatory transactions

In relation to any disposal made (within the meaning of section 280 of the Taxes Act) after 26th March 1974 subsection (5) of that section (measure of reduction of allowable loss) shall have effect as if the words " if and so far as the effect of the transaction was to increase the value of the assets of any other member of the group " were omitted.

30 Transactions in deposits without certificate or in debts

(1) Where, in a transaction in which no certificate of deposit or security (within the meaning of paragraph 5 of Schedule 7 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965) is issued, an amount becomes payable with interest and the person liable to pay it is a bank or similar institution or a person regularly engaging in similar transactions, then if the right to receive the amount or the interest on it is disposed of or the right to receive the amount is exercised (whether by the person who acquires it in the transaction or by some person acquiring it directly or indirectly from him), any profits or gains arising from the disposal or exercise shall, if not falling to be taken into account as a trading receipt, be treated as annual profits or gains chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D.

(2) Subsections (2) to (4) of section 26 of the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 (which contain supplementary provisions with respect to transactions in certificates of deposit) shall, with the necessary modifications, apply for the purposes of this section.

(3) This section does not apply in relation to the disposal or exercise of any right to receive an amount or interest on it, if the transaction in which the amount became payable was entered into on or before 7th December 1973 and the disposal or exercise takes place not later than the time at which the right arose or would have arisen but for any transaction entered into after that date.

31 Replacement of business assets

Section 33 of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 (replacement of business assets) shall be amended by adding after paragraph (d) of subsection (10) the words “and

(e) in relation to the activities of an unincorporated association or other body chargeable to corporation tax, being a body not established for profit whose activities are wholly or mainly carried on otherwise than for profit, but in the case of assets within head A of class 1 in subsection (6) above only if they are both occupied and used by the body, and in the case of other assets only if they are used by the body;”

and the section as so amended shall apply in any case where the acquisition of the new assets, or of the interest in the new assets, referred to therein takes place on or after 11th April 1974.

32 Disposals of shares in unit trusts, investment trusts and funds in court

In relation to gains accruing on disposals after 5th April 1974 section 112 of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 (reduction of tax liability on certain disposals of shares in unit trusts, investment trusts and funds in court) shall have effect as if for the references in paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection (3) to 15 per cent, there were substituted references to 16 ½ per cent.

33 Reduced rate of capital gains tax for certain unit trusts and for funds in court

Section 113 of the Finance Act 1972 shall have effect for the year 1974-75 and subsequent years of assessment as if the rate specified in it were 16 ½ per cent, instead of 15 per cent.

34 Transfer of business on retirement

For references to the amounts of ten thousand pounds and two thousand pounds in section 34(1) of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 there shall, as regards disposals made after 2nd July 1974, be substituted references to the amounts of twenty thousand pounds and four thousand pounds respectively.

35 Interest paid to directors and directors' associates

(1) As from 1st April 1974 section 285(4) of the Taxes Act (overall limit beyond which interest paid by close company to directors with material interest or their associates is treated as distribution) shall have effect as if the rate of interest specified therein were 12 per cent, per annum ; and the Treasury may by order provide that as from such later date as may be specified in the order that section shall have effect as if that rate were such rate as may be so specified.

(2) Where an accounting period begins before and ends on or after the date as from which a change takes effect by virtue of subsection (1) above, a separate overall limit shall be worked out for the part of the accounting period ending before that date and the part beginning on that date ; and its amount shall be such proportion of the overall limit for the whole period (calculated in the first case at the rate before the change and, in the second, at the rate after the change) as is equal to the proportion which the amount of the relevant interest paid in that part bears to the amount of the relevant interest paid in the whole of the period.

(3) In this section " interest" and " paid " have the same meanings as in section 285 of the Taxes Act and " relevant interest" means interest paid as mentioned in subsection (1) of that section.

(4) An order under this section shall be made by stautory instrument and may be varied or revoked by a subsequent order; but no such order shall be made unless a draft of it has been laid before and approved by resolution of the House of Commons.

36 Amendment of Taxes Act section 243

In section 243(5) of the Taxes Act (assessment before corporation tax is charged for the year in question) after the words " according to the rate of tax " there shall be inserted the words " and the other rates and the fractions ".

37 Tax on company in liquidation

(1) In section 245 of the Taxes Act there shall be substituted, for subsections (2) and (3), subsections (2) and (3) set out below and, for subsection (7), subsections (7) to (9) set out below:—

“(2) Subject to subsection (3) below—

(a) corporation tax shall be charged on the profits of the company arising in the winding-up in its final year at the rate of corporation tax fixed or proposed for the penultimate year, and the amount of chargeable gains to be included in those profits shall be reduced by such fraction fixed or proposed for the penultimate year as is applicable under section 93 of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972; but

(b) where the corporation tax charged on the company's income included in those profits falls to be calculated or reduced in accordance with section 95 or section 96 of the Finance Act 1972 it shall be so calculated or reduced in accordance with such rate or fraction fixed or proposed for the penultimate year as is applicable under that section.

(3) If, before the affairs of the company are completely wound up, any of the rates or fractions mentioned in subsection (2) above has been fixed or proposed for the final year, that subsection shall have effect in relation to that rate or fraction as if for the references to the penultimate year there were substituted references to the final year.

(7) References in this section to a rate or fraction fixed or proposed are references to a rate or fraction fixed by an Act passed before the completion of the winding-up or, if not so fixed, proposed by a Budget resolution (and without regard to any subsequent Act); except that if a rate or fraction so fixed is proposed to be altered by a Budget resolution any such reference to it is a reference to it as proposed to be so altered.

In this subsection " Budget resolution " means a resolution of the House of Commons for fixing any such rate or fraction as is mentioned in this section.

(8) Where the winding-up commenced before the company's final year, paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (2) (but not subsection (3)) above shall apply in relation to the company's profits arising at any time in its penultimate year.

(9) Any assessment made by virtue of section 243(5) above shall be subject to any such adjustment by discharge or repayment of tax or by a further assessment as may be required to give effect to this section.”

(2) Advance corporation tax on a distribution made by a company in the financial year in which its affairs are completely wound up shall, if the winding-up is completed before the rate of advance corporation tax for that year has been fixed by an Act, be computed at the rate proposed for that year by a resolution of the House of Commons and without regard to any Act passed subsequently, but subject to section 103(5) of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 (distributions made on or before 5th April); and where advance corporation tax has, under section 103(1) of that Act, been paid or assessed according to the rate last fixed, the necessary adjustment shall be made by discharge or repayment of tax or by a further assessment.

PART III Capital Gains from Land

CHAPTER I Development Gains from Land

38 Certain development gains from land to be taxed as income

(1) This section applies to any disposal of any interest in land situated in the United Kingdom which is made after 17th December 1973.

(2) Where a gain accrues to a person on a disposal of an interest in land to which this section applies, so much (if any) of the gain as by virtue of this Chapter is a development gain shall be treated for all the purposes of the Tax Acts as income arising at the time of the disposal and as constituting profits or gains chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D for the chargeable period in which the disposal is made, and (except for the purpose of computing the development gain, if any, accruing in respect of the disposal) shall not be a chargeable gain.

(3) Where a chargeable gain accrues to a person on a disposal of an interest in land to which this section applies, then, subject to the provisions of this Chapter, the development gain accruing to him in respect of that disposal shall be equal to whichever is the least of the following amounts (computed in accordance with any relevant provisions of this Chapter), that is to say—

(a) the net proceeds of the disposal reduced by an amount equal to 120 per cent, of the total sum that is by virtue of paragraph 4(1)(a) and (b) of Schedule 6 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 allowable as a deduction from the consideration for the disposal in computing the chargeable gain;

(b) the net proceeds of the disposal reduced by an amount equal to 110 per cent, of the current use value of the interest at the time of the disposal; and

(c) the amount of the chargeable gain reduced by the amount (if any) by which the current use value of the interest at the time of the disposal exceeds the current use value of the interest at the time of its acquisition by the person making the disposal or, if the interest was acquired by him before 6th April 1965, its current use value at that date.

(4) Schedule 3 to this Act shall have effect for interpreting and supplementing this section, which is there referred to as the principal section.

(5) This section shall have effect subject to the transitional provisions in Schedule 4 to this Act.

39 Exemption or relief for small disposals

(1) If the aggregate amount or value of the net proceeds of all the disposals of interests in land to which section 38 of this Act applies made by a person in a chargeable period does not exceed—

(a) in the case of an individual or the personal representatives of a deceased person as such, £10,000 ; or

(b) in the case of a company or the trustees of a settlement, £1,000,

no part of the gain accruing to that person on any of those disposals shall be a development gain.

(2) If, in a case not falling within subsection (1) above, the aggregate amount or value of the net proceeds of all the disposals of interests in land to which section 38 of this Act applies made by a person in a chargeable period is less than—

(a) in the case of an individual or the personal representatives of a deceased person as such, £20,000 ; or

(b) in the case of a company or the trustees of a settlement, £2,000,

then the total of the development gains accruing to that person in respect of those disposals shall be treated for the purposes of the Tax Acts as reduced to a fraction of their actual total, and that fraction shall be—

(i) in the case of an individual or the personal representatives of a deceased person as such, the fraction of which the numerator is the amount by which the aggregate amount or value of the said net proceeds exceeds £10,000 and the denominator is £10,000 ; or

(ii) in the case of a company or the trustees of a settlement, the fraction of which the numerator is the amount by which that aggregate amount or value exceeds £1,000 and the denominator is £1,000 ;

and the total of the chargeable gains accruing to him on those disposals shall be treated as increased by the amount of that reduction.

(3) For the purposes of this section disposals made by a man to his wife living with him or by her to him shall be disregarded, and all other disposals made by either shall be treated as made by one individual.

(4) Where two or more persons carry on a trade or business in partnership, then, for the purposes of this section—

(a) notwithstanding section 45(7)(b) of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965, the firm shall be treated as a single individual, and all disposals of partnership assets by the firm shall be treated as made by that individual;

(b) a change in the persons carrying on the trade or business shall be disregarded if, assuming an election under section 154(2) of the Taxes Act to have been duly made, the trade or business would not by virtue of section 154(1) of that Act be treated as discontinued by reason of the change ; and

(c) for any year of assessment in or in a part of which a company is a member of the partnership, subsections (1) and (2) above shall apply as if in paragraph (a) above for the words " a single individual" and " that individual" there were substituted respectively the words " a company " and " that company ".

(5) Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect for supplementing this section.

40 Development losses

(1) This section applies to any disposal of any interest in land situated in the United Kingdom which is made after 17th December 1973.

(2) Where in any chargeable period a loss accrues to a person on a disposal of an interest in land to which this section applies, he may, by notice in writing given within two years after the end of that period, make a claim for relief from tax by reference to the amount of any development loss accruing to him in respect of the disposal.

(3) If, but only if, a claim under subsection (2) above is made in respect of a disposal to which this section applies, then, subject to the provisions of Schedule 6 to this Act—

(a) so much (if any) of the loss accruing on the disposal as by virtue of this Chapter is a development loss shall be treated as a loss to which section 176 or, as the case may be, section 179 of the Taxes Act (Case VI losses), applies, and (except for the purpose of computing the the development loss, if any, accruing in respect of the disposal) shall not be an allowable loss within the meaning of Part III of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965; and

(b) the said section 176 or 179 shall apply to any development loss accruing in respect of the disposal as if a claim under that section had been duly made with regard to it.

(4) Where an allowable loss accrues to a person on a disposal of an interest in land to which this section applies and a claim under subsection (2) above is made in respect of that disposal, then, subject to the provisions of this Chapter, the development loss accruing to him in respect of that disposal shall be equal to the amount of the allowable loss reduced by the amount (if any) by which the current use value of the interest at the time of the disposal is less than the current use value of the interest at the time of its acquisition by the person making the disposal or, if the interest was acquired by him before 6th April 1965, its current use value at that date.

(5) Schedule 6 to this Act shall have effect for supplementing this section.

(6) Without prejudice to subsection (3) of section 41 or subsection (3) of section 42 of this Act, nothing in either of those sections shall be taken to extend the application of this section.

41 Disposals of interests in land effected indirectly

(1) Where after 17th December 1973 a person disposes of shares in a company (" the said company ") and immediately before the disposal either—

(a) the said company is or has control of a land-owning company, and is a close company in which he has a material interest; or

(b) the said company, or a company of which it has control, has a material interest in a land-owning company which is a close company, and the said company is one of which he has control or of which he and persons connected with him have control,

the disposal shall be deemed to be a disposal of an interest in land to which section 38 of this Act applies.

(2) Where a chargeable gain accrues to a person on a disposal of shares in a company to which the preceding subsection applies, then, subject to the provisions of section 39 of this Act and this section, the development gain accruing to him in respect of the disposal shall be equal to that chargeable gain.

(3) Where, apart from this subsection, a development gain would by virtue of the preceding provisions of this section accrue to a person in respect of a disposal of shares in a company, then—

(a) a development gain shall not accrue to him in respect of the disposal unless an excess of development gains over development losses would have accrued to the company, being a land-owning company, or to a landowning company mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b), as the case may be, of subsection (1) above, on the company disposing of its relevant land at market value at the time of his disposal and any such land-owning company disposing likewise of the relevant land of that company; and

(b) the development gain accruing to him in respect of the disposal shall not exceed one-half of the excess of the total development gains over the total development losses that would have accrued as mentioned in paragraph (a) above, or one-half of such part of that excess as is attributable to the shares disposed of by him.

If a claim under section 40(2) of this Act could have been made in respect of any disposal which is to be assumed for the purposes of this subsection, that claim shall for those purposes be assumed to have been made.

(4) Where a person disposes of shares in a company (" the said company ") in circumstances such that subsection (1) above would apply to the disposal if the said company or, as the case may be, a land-owning company mentioned in paragraph (b) of that subsection had been a close company at the material time (that is to say, immediately before the disposal), then, if the said company or that land-owning company was not resident in the United Kingdom at that time but would have been a close company at that time if it had been so resident, this Chapter shall apply in relation to the disposal as if the said company or, as the case may be, the land-owning company had been resident in the United Kingdom at that time.

(5) Where a person disposes of shares in a company (" the said company ") in a case falling within subsection (1)(a) above and at the material time (that is to say, immediately before the disposal) the said company had control of a land-owning company which, because it was not resident in the United Kingdom, was not a close company, then this Chapter shall apply in relation to the disposal as if that land-owning company had been resident in the United Kingdom at that time.

(6) For the purposes of this section—

(a) " land-owning company " means a company that owns relevant land to a value exceeding three-quarters of the net value of all its assets (that is to say, their value less the value of the debts and liabilities of the company);

(b) subject to subsection (11) below, a person has a material interest in a company if under subsection (6) of section 285 of the Taxes Act he would have a material interest in it for the purposes of that section if in the said subsection (6) for " 5 per cent. ", in both places, there were substituted " 10 per cent. ";

(c) an unauthorised unit trust which owns relevant land to a value exceeding three-quarters of the net value of all its assets (that is to say, their value less the value of the debts and liabilities of the unit trust) shall be treated as if it were both a land-owning company and a close company;

(d) the part attributable to any shares in a company of the amount of an excess of total development gains over total development losses shall be the sum which that amount would add to the distributions made in respect of those shares in a winding-up of the company if the amount represented assets of the company, and if apart from that amount the assets of the company were enough, and no more than enough, to ensure the satisfaction of its liabilities (including the return of share capital), and the part of any such amount which is directly or indirectly attributable under this paragraph to shares held by a company shall (so far as is necessary for the determination of any question as to the tax chargeable in consequence of this section) be apportioned by the like method between the shares in that company to arrive at the part attributable to any of those shares.

In its application by virtue of section 45(8) of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 to an unauthorised unit trust, paragraph (d) above shall have effect with any necessary modifications.

(7) For the purposes of this and the preceding subsection—

(a) " relevant land" (subject to subsections (8) to (10) below) means any interest in land situated in the United Kingdom, other than an interest held as a trading stock;

(b) the value of the relevant land of a company or unauthorised unit trust shall be taken to be its value free of any liability charged or secured thereon ;

(c) a company or unauthorised unit trust shall be treated as owning any interest in land which it has unconditionally contracted to acquire, but not as owning any interest in land which it has unconditionally contracted to dispose of ;

(d) " value ", in relation to the relevant land of a company or unauthorised unit trust, means market value;

(e) the net value of the assets of a company other than a unit trust scheme is the net value they would have on a sale in the open market of the business of the company as a going concern ; and

(f) an interest under a settlement shall be treated as an interest in land situated in the United Kingdom if a disposal thereof would fall within section 42(1) of this Act.

(8) The interest of a company in any building or part of a building—

(a) which the company occupies and uses for the purposes only of a trade carried on by it (other than a trade of providing services for the occupier of land in which the company has an interest) ; or

(b) which, in a case where the company is a member of a group of companies, some other member of the group occupies and uses for the purposes only of a trade carried on by that other member (other than a trade of providing services for the occupier of land in which any member of the group has an interest),

shall not be relevant land in relation to the company for the purposes of subsections (6) and (7) above, nor shall its interest in the site of any such building or part of a building (including in the site any land in the immediate vicinity of the building which the company or, as the case may be, that other member of the group occupies for purposes ancillary to its occupation and use of the building or part of a building).

(9) If, in the case of a building or part of a building in which a company has an interest, it is established to the satisfaction of the inspector or, on appeal, of the Commissioners concerned that the company or, in a case where the company is a member of a group of companies, some other member of the group intends within three years of the relevant disposal of shares to occupy and use that building or part as mentioned in paragraph (a) or, as the case may be, paragraph (b) of the preceding subsection, that paragraph shall have effect as if the company were so occupying that building or part.

(10) Subsections (8) and (9) above—

(a) shall apply in relation to any permanent or semi-permanent structure in the nature of a building as they apply in relation to a building ; and

(b) shall apply in relation to the discharge of the functions of a public authority, and to the occupation of woodlands where the woodlands are managed by the occupier on a commercial basis and with a view to the realisation of profits, as they apply in relation to a trade;

and section 272 of the Taxes Act (groups of companies: definitions) shall apply for the purposes of those subsections as it applies for the purposes of sections 273 to 281 of that Act.

(11) In the case of a close company (within the meaning of this Chapter) which for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts is not a close company because it falls within section 282(4) or 283 of the Taxes Act, subsection (6)(b) above shall, except in relation to an excepted person, have effect as if for "'10 per cent.' " there were substituted " ' 20 per cent.' ".

(12) In the preceding subsection " excepted person", in relation to a company, means any of the following, namely—

(a) any director or associate of a director of the company; or

(b) any company which is under the control of any such director or associate, or of two or more persons each of whom is such a director or associate; or

(c) any associated company of the company; or

(d) the trustees of any fund the capital or income of which is applicable or applied wholly or mainly for the benefit of, or of the dependants of, the employees or directors, or past employees or directors, of the company, or of any company within paragraph (b) or (c) above.

Expressions used in this subsection and in subsection (5) of section 283 of the Taxes Act have the same meaning in this subsection as in that.

(13) A disposal of an interest in shares in a company which under paragraph 3 of Schedule 7 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 (capital distributions by companies) a person is treated as having made in consideration of a capital distribution from the company in the form of an interest in land shall be disregarded for the purposes of this section if the distribution is made or due in respect of share capital in the course of a dissolution or winding-up of the company.

42 Disposals of interests in settled property

(1) Where after 17th December 1973 a person disposes of an interest under a settlement which immediately before the disposal is a land settlement, the disposal shall be deemed to be a disposal of an interest in land to which section 38 of this Act applies.

(2) Where a chargeable gain accrues to a person on a disposal of an interest under a settlement to which the preceding subsection applies, then, subject to the provisions of section 39 of this Act and this section, the development gain accruing to him in respect of the disposal shall be equal to that chargeable gain.

(3) Where, apart from this subsection, a development gain would by virtue of the preceding provisions of this section accrue to a person in respect of a disposal of an interest under a settlement then—

(a) a development gain shall not accrue to him in respect of the disposal unless an excess of development gains over development losses would have accrued to the trustees of the settlement on their disposing of the relevant land comprised in the settled property at market value at the time of his disposal; and

(b) the development gain accruing to him in respect of the disposal shall not exceed the amount (if any) by which the market value of the interest at that time exceeds what its market value would then have been if the value of the relevant land then comprised in the settled property had been equal to the actual value of that relevant land at that time reduced by one-half of the excess of development gains over development losses that would have accrued as mentioned in paragraph (a) above.

If a claim under section 40(2) of this Act could have been made in respect of any disposal which is to be assumed for the purposes of this subsection, that claim shall for those purposes be assumed to have been made.

(4) Where a gain accrues to a person on a disposal of an interest under a settlement which immediately before the disposal is a land settlement and—

(a) paragraph 13(1) of Schedule 7 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 (exemption for gains accruing on disposals of interests under settlements) would, apart from this subsection, apply to that gain ; and

(b) immediately before the disposal it was the case that under the terms of the settlement the person making the disposal would or might become absolutely entitled to all or any part of the settled property as against the trustee,

then the development gain accruing to him in respect of that disposal shall first be computed as if the said paragraph 13(1) did not so apply, and the said paragraph 13(1) shall then apply to so much, if any, of the gain as is not by virtue of this Chapter a development gain.

(5) Where by virtue of paragraph 13(2) of Schedule 7 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 a person who has acquired an interest in settled property is treated as disposing of the interest on the occasion of his becoming, as the holder of that interest, absolutely entitled to any settled property as against the trustee, then—

(a) subsection (4) above shall not apply in the case of that disposal if the trustee is chargeable to tax on that occasion by virtue of section 25(3) of the Finance Act 1965 (settled property); and

(b) where the preceding paragraph would apply if the trustee were resident and ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, then, if any beneficiary under the settlement is by virtue of section 42 of the Finance Act 1965 (non-resident trusts) treated as if the whole or part of the relevant amount had been development gains accruing to that beneficiary, the development gain accruing to the first-mentioned person in respect of the said disposal shall not exceed the difference between what that development gain would be apart from this paragraph and the relevant fraction of what that development gain would be apart from this paragraph.

(6) For the purposes of this and the preceding subsection—

(a) " the relevant amount" means the amount on which the trustee of the settlement mentioned in that subsection would have been chargeable to income tax in respect of development gains by virtue of section 38(2) of this Act as mentioned in subsection (2) of the said section 42;

(b) " the relevant fraction " means the fraction of which the numerator is equal to so much of the relevant amount as is by virtue of subsection (2) of the said section 42 treated as development gains accruing to beneficiaries under the said settlement, and the denominator is the relevant amount; and

(c) references to the said section 42 are references to that section as it has effect in relation to development gains by virtue of paragraph 3 of Schedule 8 to this Act.

(7) Where, in a case to which subsection (4) above applies, a person having an interest in settled property is charged to tax in respect of a development gain accruing to him by virtue of this section, then, for the purposes of the computation under Schedule 6 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 of the gain accruing to the trustees of the settlement on a disposal of all or any part of the relevant land which was comprised in the settled property immediately before the disposal in respect of which that development gain accrued to him, paragraph 4(1)(a) of that Schedule (computation of chargeable gains: allowable expenditure) shall apply—

(a) as if a sum equal to the amount of that development gain formed part of the consideration given by the trustees for the acquisition of the relevant land which was so comprised in the settled property; and

(b) if the relevant land which was so comprised in the settled property consisted of more than one interest in land, as if such proportion of that sum as is just and reasonable formed part of the consideration given by the trustees for the acquisition of each of those interests.

(8) For the purposes of this section—

(a) a settlement is a " land settlement" if the settled property comprises relevant land to a value exceeding three-quarters of the net value of all the settled property (that is to say, its value less the value of any debts or liabilities of the trustees in their capacity as such); and

(b) " value ", in relation to any settled property, means market value.

(9) For the purposes of this and the preceding subsection—

(a) " relevant land" (subject to subsection (10) below) means any interest in land situated in the United Kingdom, other than an interest held as trading stock;

(b) the value of the relevant land comprised in settled property shall be taken to be its value free of any liability charged or secured thereon ;

(c) the net value of the assets of any business comprised in settled property shall be taken to be the net value they would have on a sale in the open market of the business as a going concern ;

(d) the settled property comprised in a settlement shall be treated as including any interest in land which the trustees in their capacity as such have unconditionally contracted to acquire, but not as including any interest in land which the trustees in that capacity have unconditionally contracted to dispose of; and

(e) shares in a company shall be treated as an interest in land situated in the United Kingdom if a disposal thereof would fall within section 41(1) of this Act.

(10) Subsections (8) to (10) of section 41 of this Act, except paragraph (b) of subsection (8) and so much of subsection (9) as refers to, or relates to the case mentioned in, that paragraph, shall apply for the purposes of subsections (8) and (9) above as they apply for the purposes of subsections (6) and (7) of that section, subject to the modification that for references to a company there shall be substituted references to the trustees of settled property in their capacity as such.

43 Special rates of charge for development gains accruing to trustees, personal representatives or unit trust schemes

(1) Income arising in a year of assessment by virtue of section 38(2) of this Act to trustees or to the personal representatives of a deceased person as such or to an unauthorised unit trust shall (unless chargeable to income tax under any of the following provisions of this section) be chargeable to income tax at a rate equal to the sum of the basic rate and the additional rate for that year.

In this subsection " the additional rate " means the additional rate mentioned in section 32(1) of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 or, if more than one, the higher or highest of them.

(2) Where in any year of assessment a gain accrues to a unit trust scheme from a disposal of an interest in land to which section 38 of this Act applies and by virtue of section 38(2) of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 (unit trusts for exempt unit holders) one-tenth only of all the gains accruing to the scheme in that year are chargeable gains, then—

(a) all the gains so accruing shall for the purposes of this Chapter be treated as chargeable gains (but not so as to give rise to any increased liability to capital gains tax or corporation tax by reference to chargeable gains); and

(b) of all the income of the scheme which is attributable to development gains accruing to it in that year of assessment by virtue of the preceding paragraph, 90 per cent, shall be exempt from income tax or corporation tax, and the other 10 per cent, shall—

(i) if the scheme is an authorised unit trust, be chargeable to corporation tax as profits of the scheme arising in the accounting period in which the disposal occurred; or

(ii) if the scheme is an unauthorised unit trust, be chargeable to income tax at the rate applicable under subsection (1) above.

44 Supplementary

(1) For the purposes of this Chapter—

• " authorised unit trust " has the meaning given by section 358 of the Taxes Act, and " unauthorised unit trust" means a unit trust scheme which is not an authorised unit trust;

• " chargeable period " means an accounting period of a company or a year of assessment;

• " close company ", except for the purposes of Schedule 7 to this Act, has the meaning given by subsections (1) to (3) (disregarding (1)(d)) of section 282 of the Taxes Act, and (except as aforesaid) the exceptions made by subsections (4) and (5) of that section and section 283 of that Act shall not apply ;

• " interest in land " means any estate or interest in land, any right in or over land or affecting the use or disposition of land, and any right to obtain such an estate, interest or right from another which is conditional on that other's ability to grant the estate, interest or right in question, except that it does not include the interest of a creditor (other than a creditor in respect of a rentcharge) whose debt is secured by way of a mortgage, an agreement for a mortgage or a charge of any kind over land, or, in Scotland, the interest of a creditor in a charge or security of any kind over land ;

• " land " includes buildings ;

• " securities " includes securities as defined in paragraph 5 of Schedule 7 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965, except that it does not include a security for a normal commercial loan as defined in paragraph 1 of Schedule 12 to the [1973 c. 51.] Finance Act 1973 ;

• " shares " does not include fixed-rate preference shares as defined in paragraph 1 of Schedule 12 to the Finance Act 1973, but includes securities (as well as, by virtue of section 45(1) of the Finance Act 1965, stock) and, in relation to a company not limited by shares (whether or not it has a share capital), also includes the interest of a member of the company as such, whatever the form of that interest, and this Chapter shall apply in relation to any disposal of rights attached to or forming part of a share as if the rights included in the disposal and those not included were separate shares;

• " unit trust scheme " means a unit trust scheme as defined in section 26(1) of the [1958 c. 45.] Prevention of Fraud (Investments) Act 1958 or, for Northern Ireland, in section 22(1) of the [1940 c. 9 (N.I.).] Prevention of Fraud (Investments) Act (Northern Ireland) 1940.

(2) In this Chapter references to the net proceeds of a disposal of an interest in land to which section 38 of this Act applies are (subject to Schedule 5 to this Act) references to the amount which, in the computation of the chargeable gain accruing on the disposal, falls to be taken as the consideration, less any sum allowable in that computation as a deduction on account of the incidental costs to the person making the disposal of making it.

(3) Where a person disposing of an interest in land acquired it in circumstances such that, by virtue of any enactment, he and the person from whom he acquired it (" the previous disposer ") fall to be treated as if the acquisition were for a consideration of such amount as would secure that on the disposal under which he acquired it neither a gain nor a loss would accrue to the previous disposer, any reference in this Chapter to the acquisition of the interest by the person making the disposal shall be construed as a reference to its acquisition by the previous disposer, or, if the previous disposer himself acquired it in such circumstances as aforesaid, as a reference to its acquisition by the person from whom the previous disposer acquired it (and likewise for any number of previous acquisitions of the interest each made in the like circumstances).

(4) Schedule 7 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the treatment of development gains under the Tax Acts ; and the enactments relating to the taxation of capital gains shall have effect subject to the provisions of Schedule 8 to this Act (being provisions for adapting or amending those enactments in connection with this Chapter).

(5) This Chapter shall be deemed to have come into force on 18th December 1973.

CHAPTER II First Letting or Occupation of Building after Material Development

45 Charge to tax; first letting or occupation of building after material development

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section and Schedule 9 to this Act, where after 17th December 1973 a chargeable building is first let or occupied to a material extent after the commencement of the relevant development, any person who on the material date has an interest in the relevant land shall be deemed for the purposes of Part III of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 and Chapter I of this Part of this Act to have on that date disposed of and immediately reacquired that interest for a consideration equal to its market value.

(2) For the purposes of this Chapter a chargeable building is first let or occupied to a material extent after the commencement of the relevant development on the first occasion thereafter on which either—

(a) the floor area of the part or parts let under one or more leases granted after the commencement of that development ; or

(b) the floor area of the part or parts occupied as of right otherwise than under any lease so granted (whether or not the occupation began before the commencement of that development); or

(c) the aggregate of the floor area of the part or parts let as aforesaid and the floor area of the part or parts occupied as aforesaid,

is more than 25 per cent, of what was or is the floor area of the whole chargeable building on the date on which the relevant development was or is substantially completed.

(3) Subsection (1) above shall not apply in the case of a chargeable building which was wholly or partly let or occupied before 18th December 1973 if at any time before that date either—

(a) the floor area of the part or parts let under one or more leases granted after the commencement of the relevant development; or

(b) the floor area of the part or parts occupied as of right otherwise than under any lease so granted ; or

(c) the aggregate of the floor area of the part or parts let as aforesaid and the floor area of the part or parts occupied as aforesaid,

was more than 25 per cent, of what was or is the floor area of the whole chargeable building on the date on which the relevant development was or is substantially completed. For the purposes of this subsection a building or part of a building shall not be treated as let at a particular time unless it was then let under a lease granted by an instrument executed before that time.

(4) Schedule 9 to this Act shall have effect for supplementing this section.

46 Interpretation, etc.

(1) In this Chapter—

• " chargeable building " has the meaning given by subsections (3) to (5) below ;

• " interest in land " and " land " have the same meaning as in Chapter I of this Part of this Act;

• " lease " includes an underlease, sublease or tenancy, and "lessor", "lessee", "let" and "rent" shall be construed accordingly;

• " material development " has the meaning given by paragraph 6 of Schedule 3 to this Act;

• " the material date ", in relation to a chargeable building which after 17th December 1973 is first let or occupied to a material extent after the commencement of the relevant development, means the later of the following dates, namely the date after 17th December 1973 on which the chargeable building was first let or occupied as aforesaid and the date on which the relevant development is substantially completed ;

• " the relevant development ", in relation to a chargeable building, means the material development from which the building has resulted or of which it has been the subject, so far as that development directly concerns that building;

• " the relevant land ", in relation to a chargeable building, means the chargeable building and its site (including in the site, subject to subsection (6) below, any land occupied for purposes ancillary to the use of the chargeable building).

(2) For the purposes of this Chapter a person shall be treated as occupying land if, but only if, his occupation of it is or, but for any exemption from rates which he enjoys, would be such as to render him or some other person liable to be assessed to rates in respect thereof under the law relating to rating in the part of the United Kingdom in which the land is situated, and references to occupation shall be construed accordingly.

(3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5) below, every separate building in the United Kingdom that has resulted from or been the subject of material development (whenever carried out) shall be a chargeable building for the purposes of this Chapter, except that for those purposes—

(a) a separate building constructed or adapted for use wholly as one or more private dwellings shall not be a chargeable building ; and

(b) a separate building constructed or adapted for use only partly as one or more private dwellings shall be a chargeable building but shall be deemed not to include any part constructed or adapted for use as a private dwelling.

(4) For the purposes of the preceding subsection a building which is physically connected with another building—

(a) shall, although so connected, be treated as a separate building if it is so constructed as to be capable of remaining in position and being used independently of the other building or as to require only minor modification to render it so capable; and

(b) shall not be treated as other than a separate building merely because it is so connected with the other building at or below ground level or by means of a bridge or similar structure (whether affording access or accommodation or both).

(5) Where—

(a) subsection (1) of section 45 of this Act has operated in the case of a chargeable building or would have so operated if that section had been enacted and come into force before the commencement of the relevant development, and had been so enacted with the omission of subsection (3) and of the words " after 17th December 1973 " in subsection (1); and

(b) after the material date there is carried out in relation to that building further material development which, apart from this subsection, would make the said subsection (1) liable to operate as regards the whole of any chargeable building ("the resulting chargeable building") consisting of or including the whole or part of the first-mentioned chargeable building; and

(c) one or more parts, but not the whole, of the resulting chargeable building has or have directly resulted from or been directly the subject of the further material development,

then, without prejudice to subsection (3)(a) and (b) above, the resulting chargeable building shall for the purposes of this Chapter be deemed not to include any part which has not directly resulted from or been directly the subject of the further material development.

(6) Where land is occupied for purposes ancillary to the use of two or more chargeable buildings, it shall for the purposes of this Chapter be apportioned between those buildings in a fair and reasonable manner; and so much of the land as is apportioned to any one chargeable building shall for those purposes be taken to form part of the site of that, and of no other, chargeable building.

(7) For the purposes of this Chapter " floor area " means gross floor area as ascertained by external measurement; and where different parts of a building are separately let or occupied, floor space used in common shall be apportioned rateably.

(8) In relation to a chargeable building, references in this Chapter to the commencement of the relevant development are references to the date on which that development was begun, determined in accordance with paragraph 9 of Schedule 3 to this Act.

(9) Where a lease of land is granted for a term commencing later than the date of the grant, the land shall for the purposes of this Chapter not be taken to become let under that lease until the commencement of the term.

(10) This Chapter shall be deemed to have come into force on 18th December 1973.

CHAPTER III Other Provisions About Capital Gains from Land

47 Matters arising out of Chapters I and II of this Part

Schedule 10 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the payment and recovery of tax payable by virtue of Chapter I or II of this Part, the obtaining of information for purposes of those Chapters, and other matters arising out of those Chapters.

48 Disposals of interests in land in United Kingdom reflecting development value

(1) Paragraph 23 of Schedule 6 to the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 (sales of land in the United Kingdom reflecting development value) shall be amended in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(2) In sub-paragraphs (1) and (2), for the words " land in the United Kingdom or an estate or interest in land " there shall be substituted the words " an interest in land situated ".

(3) In sub-paragraph (1), for the words from the beginning of paragraph (b) to the end of the sub-paragraph there shall be substituted—

“(b) if the consideration for the asset acquired on the disposal exceeds the current use value of the asset at the time of the disposal, or if any material development of the land has been carried out after 17th December 1973 since the person making the disposal acquired the asset”.

(4) After sub-paragraph (4) there shall be added as sub-paragraph (5)—

“(5) For the purposes of this paragraph—

(a) ' interest in land' has the meaning given by section 44(1) of the Finance Act 1974;

(b) 'material development' has the meaning given by paragraph 6 of Schedule 3 to the Finance Act 1974;

(c) the current use value of an interest in land shall be computed in accordance with Part I of the said Schedule 3, but so that, in relation to any material development which was begun before 18th December 1973, sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 1 of that Schedule (definition of current use value) shall have effect as if the words from ' other than' to the end of the sub-paragraph (which allow for the completion of duly authorised material development already begun) were omitted ;

(d) paragraph 9 of the said Schedule 3 (date when material development is begun) shall apply as it applies for the purposes of that Schedule; and

(e) paragraph 14 of the said Schedule 3 (meaning of material development ' carried out after' a particular date) shall apply as it applies for the purposes of paragraphs 11 to 13 of that Schedule”.

(5) This section shall apply in relation to disposals of interests in land made after 17th December 1973.

PART IV Miscellaneous and General

49 Increase of certain stamp duties

(1) The provisions of Schedule 11 to this Act shall have effect, being provisions increasing, or connected with the increase of, certain stamp duties.

(2) As from 1st August 1974 (but without prejudice to their operation as regards the period before that date) the said provisions, so far as they increase any stamp duty, shall not apply in any case where the conveyance, transfer or letting is made or agreed to be made to a body of persons established for charitable purposes only or to the trustees of a trust so established:

Provided that no instrument not stamped with the duty to which it would apart from this subsection be liable shall be treated as duly stamped by virtue of this subsection unless it has in accordance with the provisions of section 12 of the [1891 c. 39.] Stamp Act 1891 been stamped with a particular stamp denoting that it is duly stamped.

(3) In any case where by virtue of the preceding subsection any provisions of Schedule 11 to this Act do not apply, such of the repeals contained in Parts III and IV of Schedule 14 to this Act as are consequential on the provisions in question shall also not apply.

50 Vehicle excise duty-disabled persons

In section 7 of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 for the words " specifically and extensively adapted " there shall be substituted the word " suitable " and the words from " conspicuous " to " and where " shall be omitted.

51 Gifts to Historic Churches Preservation Trust

(1) In Schedule 25 to the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 and in Schedule 1 to the [S.I. 1972/1100.] Finance (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 (relief from estate duty and capital gains tax—recipient bodies), there shall be added at the end the words " The Historic Churches Preservation Trust ".

(2) Subsection (1) above shall have effect—

(a) for the purposes of section 119 of the Finance Act 1972 (capital gains tax relief), in relation to disposals made after 26th March 1974 ; and

(b) for the purposes of section 121 of that Act and Article 5 of the Finance (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 (estate duty relief), in relation to deaths occurring after 26th March 1974.

52 Definition of " local authority " for certain tax purposes

(1) The definition of "local authority" set out below (which reproduces the effect of that in section 353 of the Taxes Act with modifications necessary to take account of the reorganisation of local government in all parts of the United Kingdom) shall have effect for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts, the Corporation Tax Acts and the enactments relating to capital gains tax ; and the enactments mentioned in Schedule 12 to this Act (some of which relate to stamp duty or estate duty) shall have effect subject to the provisions of that Schedule.

(2) " Local authority " means—

(a) any authority having power to make or determine a rate;

(b) any authority having power to issue a precept, requisition or other demand for the payment of money to be raised out of a rate;

and in this subsection " rate " means a rate the proceeds of which are applicable for public local purposes and which is leviable by reference to the value of land or other property.

(3) This section shall come into operation or, as the case may be, be deemed to have come into operation—

(a) in its application to England and Wales, on 1st April 1974;

(b) in its application to Scotland, on 16th May 1975; and

(c) in its application to Northern Ireland, on 1st October 1973.

53 Regional employment premiums

(1) In relation to any week beginning after 6th April 1975 and before the date appointed by the Treasury under section 122(3) of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972 the enactments mentioned in Schedule 13 to this Act (which relate to regional employment premiums) shall have effect subject to the amendments specified in that Schedule (being amendments required in connection with the coming into force of the [1973 c. 38.] Social Security Act 1973).

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above and, after 6th April 1975, of the following provisions, namely—

(a) sections 1, 3 and 7 of the [1966 c. 32.] Selective Employment Payments Act 1966;

(b) section 26 of the [1967 c. 54.] Finance Act 1967 ; and

(c) section 122(3) of the Finance Act 1972,

the expression " week" shall mean a period of seven days beginning with midnight between Sunday and Monday.

(3) This section does not extend to Northern Ireland.

54 Grants towards duty charged on bus fuel

(1) In relation to fuel used in operating any bus service on or after 12th February 1974, subsection (2) of section 92 of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 shall have effect as if for the words from " but" onwards (which specify the maximum amount of any grant under subsection (1) of that section by the Secretary of State to the operator of a bus service towards defraying customs or excise duties charged on bus fuel) there were substituted (instead of the words substituted by section 33(1) of the [1968 c. 73.] Transport Act 1968) the words " but the amount of a grant shall not exceed such sum for every gallon of fuel used or estimated to have been used in operating the bus service during the period to which the grant relates as the Treasury may from time to time approve, being a sum not greater than the rate per gallon of the duty of excise chargeable on hydrocarbon oil produced in the United Kingdom at the date of use of the fuel, including any addition to that duty by virtue of an order under section 9 of the [1961 c. 36.] Finance Act 1961. ".

(2) The preceding subsection shall be deemed to have come into operation on 12th February 1974.

(3) The preceding provisions of this section shall not extend to Northern Ireland, but it is hereby declared that for the purposes of the [1973 c. 36.] Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 a provision for purposes similar to the purposes of those provisions is not a provision dealing with an excepted matter.

55 Power to authorise amendment of taxi fare byelaws

(1) The following provisions of this section shall have effect for the purpose of facilitating the amendment of byelaws fixing the charges payable for hackney carriages (in this section referred to as " taxi fare byelaws ").

(2) Whenever the Secretary of State considers it proper to do so, he may by order authorise the local authority having power to amend any taxi fare byelaws to amend those byelaws by resolution so as to increase or reduce the charges thereby permitted with a view to off-setting any change in the costs of operating hackney carriages which is attributable to the imposition, variation or abolition of any tax or duty affecting those costs.

For the purposes of this subsection the costs of operating hackney carriages shall be taken to include any tax charged by reference to the charges payable for such carriages.

(3) An order under this section shall apply to all local authorities having power as aforesaid in the area to which the order applies, and—

(a) may limit in any way that the Secretary of State thinks fit the power of amendment which it confers; and

(b) may include provision for securing that appropriate steps are taken to publish any resolution passed in pursuance of the order and to make copies available to the public.

(4) Where a byelaw is amended by virtue of this section, the amendment shall have effect as if made under the same power as that under which the byelaw was made, and (without prejudice to any power of amendment exercisable by virtue of this section) the byelaw may accordingly be amended by a subsequent exercise of the power under which the byelaw was made.

(5) An order under this section shall be contained in a statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament, and may be revoked or varied by a subsequent order thereunder.

(6) This section does not extend to Northern Ireland.

56 Trustee savings banks-special investments

In section 18(1) of the [1969 c. 50.] Trustee Savings Banks Act 1969 (which provides that a special investment may be made only on behalf of a person who is a depositor to the extent of not less than £50) after " £50 " there shall be inserted " or such smaller amount as may be specified in the rules of the bank ".

57 Citation, interpretation, construction and repeals

(1) This Act may be cited as the Finance Act 1974.

(2) In this Act "the Taxes Act" means the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970.

(3) In this Act—

(a) Part I, except so far as it relates to value added tax, shall be construed as one with the [1952 c. 44.] Customs and Excise Act 1952 and, so far as it relates to value added tax. shall be construed as one with Part I of the [1972 c. 41.] Finance Act 1972;

(b) Part II, so far as it relates to income tax, shall be construed as one with the Income Tax Acts, so far as it relates to corporation tax, shall be construed as one with the Corporation Tax Acts and, so far as it relates to capital gains tax, shall be construed as one with Part III of the [1965 c. 25.] Finance Act 1965 ;

(c) Part III, so far as it relates to capital gains tax or the computation of development gains, shall be construed as one with Part III of the Finance Act 1965, so far as it relates to income tax shall be construed as one with the Income Tax Acts and, so far as it relates to corporation tax, shall be construed as one with the Corporation Tax Acts ; and

(d) Schedule 11 shall be construed as one with the [1891 c. 39.] Stamp Act 1891.

(4) Except so far as the context otherwise requires, any reference in this Act to any enactment shall be construed as a reference to that enactment as amended, and as including a reference to that enactment as applied, by or under any other enactment, including this Act.

(5) If the Northern Ireland Assembly passes provisions amending or replacing any enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland, or any Order in Council made under section 1(3) of the [1972 c. 22.] Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972, referred to in this Act, the reference shall be construed as a reference to the enactment or order as so amended or, as the case may be, as a reference to those provisions.

(6) The enactments mentioned in Schedule 14 to this Act (which include certain enactments which had ceased to have effect before the commencement of this Act) are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule, but subject to any provision at the end of any Part of that Schedule.