Sex Discrimination Act 1986 (repealed)

1 Private households and small undertakings and partnerships. E+W+S

(1) In section 6 of the M1 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 (in this Act referred to as “the 1975 Act”), subsection (3) (which excludes private households and undertakings of five employees or less from the operation of the provisions of subsections (1) and (2) of that section) shall cease to have effect.

(2) After paragraph (b) of subsection (2) of section 7 of the 1975 Act (cases where being a man is a genuine occupational qualification) there shall be inserted the following paragraph—

“(ba) the job is likely to involve the holder of the job doing his work, or living, in a private home and needs to be held by a man because objection might reasonably be taken to allowing to a woman—

(i) the degree of physical or social contact with a person living in the home, or

(ii) the knowledge of intimate details of such a person’s life,

which is likely, because of the nature or circumstances of the job or of the home, to be allowed to, or available to, the holder of the job; or”

(3) In section 11 of the 1975 Act, in subsection (1) (which deals with discrimination against a woman in relation to a position as partner in a firm consisting of six or more partners), the words “consisting of six or more partners” shall cease to have effect.

Marginal Citations

M1 1975 c. 65.

2 Discrimination as to retirement etc. E+W+S

(1) In subsection (4) of section 6 of the 1975 Act (exclusion of provisions discriminating against employees etc. in relation to death or retirement), at the end there shall be inserted the words “except in so far as, in their application to provision in relation to retirement, they render it unlawful for a person to discriminate against a woman—

(a) in such of the terms on which he offers her employment as make provision in relation to the way in which he will afford her access to opportunities for promotion, transfer or training or as provide for her dismissal or demotion; or

(b) in the way he affords her access to opportunities for promotion, transfer or training or by refusing or deliberately omitting to afford her access to any such opportunities; or

(c) by dismissing her or subjecting her to any detriment which results in her dismissal or consists in or involves her demotion.”

(2) In subsection (4) of section 11 of the 1975 Act (exclusion of provisions discriminating against partners etc. in relation to death or retirement), at the end there shall be inserted the words “except in so far as, in their application to provision made in relation to retirement, they render it unlawful for a firm to discriminate against a woman—

(a) in such of the terms on which they offer her a position as partner as provide for her expulsion from that position; or

(b) by expelling her from a position as partner or subjecting her to any detriment which results in her expulsion from such a position”

(3) In section 82 of the 1975 Act (interpretation), after subsection (1) there shall be inserted the following subsection—

“(1A) References in this Act to the dismissal of a person from employment or to the expulsion of a person from a position as partner include references—

(a) to the termination of that person’s employment or partnership by the expiration of any period (including a period expiring by reference to an event or circumstance), not being a termination immediately after which the employment or partnership is renewed on the same terms; and

(b) to the termination of that person’s employment or partnership by any act of his (including the giving of notice) in circumstances such that he is entitled to terminate it without notice by reason of the conduct of the employer or, as the case may be, the conduct of the other partners.”

(4) In section 6 of the M2 Equal Pay Act 1970 (exclusions of sections 1 to 5)—

(a) in subsection (1A)(b) (terms related to, or provision in connection with, death or retirement), at the end there shall be inserted the words “ other than a term or provision which, in relation to retirement, affords access to opportunities for promotion, transfer or training or provides for a woman’s dismissal or demotion ”; and

(b) in subsection (2) (meaning of retirement), at the end there shall be inserted the words “ and the reference in subsection (1A) above to a woman’s dismissal shall be construed in accordance with section 82(1A) of the M3 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 as a reference to her dismissal from employment. ”

Marginal Citations

M2 1970 c. 41.

M3 1975 c. 65.

F1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E+W+S

Textual Amendments

F1 S. 3 repealed (22.8.1996) by 1996 c. 18, ss. 242, 243, Sch. 3 Pt. I

4 Discrimination in relation to training. E+W+S

(1) Section 47 of the 1975 Act (discrimination in relation to training by a training body) shall be amended as follows.

(2) In subsections (1) and (3)—

(a) for the words “a training body” there shall be substituted the words “ any person ”; and

(b) for the words “it appears to the training body” there shall be substituted the words “ it reasonably appears to that person ”.

(3) In subsection (2)—

(a) for the words “it appears to a training body” there shall be substituted the words “ it reasonably appears to any person ”; and

(b) for the words “the training body” there shall be substituted the words “ that person ”.

(4) For subsection (4) (definition of, and power to designate, training body) there shall be substituted the following subsection—

“(4) The preceding provisions of this section shall not apply in relation to any discrimination which is rendered unlawful by section 6.”

5 Discrimination required by public entertainment licences. E+W+S

(1) [F2 Without prejudice to the generality of section 1(1) of the Employment Act 1989,] nothing in—

(a) any licence granted (whether before or after the coming into force of this section) under Schedule 1 to the M4 Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982 or Schedule 12 to the M5 London Government Act 1963 (public entertainment licences); or

(b) any regulations made for the purpose of prescribing the terms, conditions or restrictions on or subject to which any such licence is deemed to be granted,

shall have effect, at any time after the coming into force of this section, so as to require any person to do any act which . . . F3 is rendered unlawful by Part II of the 1975 Act (discrimination in relation to employment) or by so much of Part IV of the 1975 Act as relates to acts rendered unlawful by the said Part II.

(2) In this section “act” has the same meaning as in the 1975 Act.

Textual Amendments

F2 Words inserted by Employment Act 1989 (c. 38, SIF 43:1, 106:1), s. 29(3), Sch. 6 para. 30(a)

F3 Words repealed by Employment Act 1989 (c. 38, SIF 43:1, 106:1), s. 29(3)(4), Sch. 6 para. 30(b), Sch. 7 Pt. II

Marginal Citations

M4 1982 c. 30.

M5 1963 c. 33.

6 Collective agreements and rules of undertakings. E+W+S

(1) Without prejudice to the generality of section 77 of the 1975 Act (which makes provision with respect to the validity and revision of contracts), that section shall apply, as it applies in relation to the term of a contract, to the following, namely—

(a) any term of a collective agreement, including an agreement which was not intended, or is presumed not to have been intended, to be a legally enforceable contract;

(b) any rule made by an employer for application to all or any of the persons who are employed by him or who apply to be, or are, considered by him for employment;

(c) any rule made by an organisation, authority or body to which subsection (2) below applies for application to all or any of its members or prospective members or to all or any of the persons on whom it has conferred authorisations or qualifications or who are seeking the authorisations or qualifications which it has power to confer;

and that section shall so apply whether the agreement was entered into, or the rule made, before or after the coming into force of this section.

(2) This subsection applies to—

(a) any organisation of workers;

(b) any organisation of employers;

(c) any organisation whose members carry on a particular profession or trade for the purposes of which the organisation exists;

(d) any authority or body which can confer an authorisation or qualification which is needed for, or facilitates, engagement in a particular profession or trade.

(3) For the purposes of the said section 77 a term or rule shall be deemed to provide for the doing of an act which would be rendered unlawful by the 1975 Act if—

(a) it provides for the inclusion in any contract of employment of any term which by virtue of an equity clause would fall either to be modified or to be supplmented by an additional term; and

(b) that clause would not be prevented from operating in relation to that contract by section 1(3) of the M6 Equal Pay Act 1970 (material factors justifying discrimination).

(4) Nothing in the said section 77 shall affect the operation of any term or rule in so far as it provides for the doing of a particular act in circumstances where the doing of that act would not be, or be deemed by virtue of subsection (3) above to be, rendered unlawful by the 1975 Act.

[F4 (4A) A person to whom this subsection applies may present a complaint to an industrial tribunal that a term or rule is void by virtue of subsection (1) of the said section 77 if he has reason to believe—

(a) that the term or rule may at some future time have effect in relation to him, and

(b) where he alleges that it is void by virtue of paragraph (c) of that subsection, that—

(i) an act for the doing of which it provides may at some such time be done in relation to him, and

(ii) the act would be, or be deemed by virtue of subsection (3) above to be, rendered unlawful by the 1975 Act if done in relation to him in present circumstances.

(4B) In the case of a complaint about—

(a) a term of a collective agreement made by or on behalf of—

(i) an employer,

(ii) an organisation of employers of which an employer is a member, or

(iii) an association of such organisations of one of which an employer is a member, or

(b) a rule made by an employer,

subsection (4A) applies to any person who is, or is genuinely and actively seeking to become, one of his employees.

(4C) In the case of a complaint about a rule made by an organisation, authority or body to which subsection (2) above applies, subsection (4A) applies to any person—

(a) who is, or is genuinely and actively seeking to become, a member of the organisation, authority or body,

(b) on whom the organisation, authority or body has conferred an authorisation or qualification, or

(c) who is genuinely and actively seeking an authorisation or qualification which the organisation, authority or body has power to confer.

(4D) When an industrial tribunal finds that a complaint presented to it under subsection (4A) above is well-founded the tribunal shall make an order declaring that the term or rule is void.]

(5) The avoidance by virtue of the said section 77 of any term or rule which provides for any person to be discriminated against shall be without prejudice to the following rights except in so far as they enable any person to require another person to be treated less favourably than himself, namely—

(a) such of the rights of the person to be discriminated against; and

(b) such of the rights of any person who will be treated more favourably in direct or indirect consequence of the discrimination,

as are conferred by or in respect of a contract made or modified wholly or partly in pursuance of, or by reference to, that term or rule.

(6) In this section “collective agreement” means any agreement relating to one or more of the matters mentioned in [F5 section 178(2) of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992], being an agreement made by or on behalf of one or more employers or one or more organisations of employers or associations of such organisations with one or more organisations of workers or associations of such organisations.

(7) Any expression used in this section and in the 1975 Act has the same meaning in this section as in that Act, and this section shall have effect as if the terms of any service to which Parts II and IV of that Act apply by virtue of subsection (2) of section 85 of that Act (Crown application) were terms of a contract of employment and, in relation to the terms of any such service, as if service for the purposes of any person mentioned in that subsection were employment by that person.

Textual Amendments

F4 S. 6(4A)-(4D) inserted (30.11.1993) by 1993 c. 19, s.32; S.I. 1993/2503, art. 2(2), Sch.2

F5 Words in s. 6(6) substituted (16.10.1992) by Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (c. 52), ss. 300(2), 302, Sch. 2, para. 36

Marginal Citations

M6 1970 c. 41.

7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F6 E+W+S

Textual Amendments

F6 S. 7 repealed by Employment Act 1989 (c. 38, SIF 43:1), s. 29(4), Sch. 7 Pt. II

8 Repeal of Baking Industry (Hours of Work) Act 1954. E+W+S

The M7 Baking Industry (Hours of Work) Act 1954 (which imposes restrictions on the hours for which a bakery worker may do work in relation to which restrictions on the working hours of women are removed by virtue of section 7 above) shall cease to have effect.

Marginal Citations

M7 1954 c. 57.

9 Consequential amendment, repeals and saving. E+W+S

(1) In section 6(1) of the M8 Equal Pay Act 1970 (exclusion of operation of equality clause and section 3(4) in relation to certain matters), for the words from the beginning to “shall” there shall be substituted the words “ An equality clause shall not ”.

(2) The enactments mentioned in the Schedule to this Act (which include enactments that are no longer of practical effect) are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule.

(3) Neither the repeal by this Act of section 3 of the Equal Pay Act 1970 (collective agreements and pay structures) nor the amendment made by subsection (1) above shall affect—

(a) the continuing effect, after the coming into force of that repeal, of any declaration made under that section before the coming into force of that repeal; or

(b) the operation, at any time after the coming into force of that repeal, of section 5(1) of that Act in so far as it refers to the rules which apply under subsection (4) of the said section 3.

Marginal Citations

M8 1970 c. 41.

10 Short title, commencement and extent. E+W+S

(1) This Act may be cited as the Sex Discrimination Act 1986.

(2) Sections 1, 6 and 9(1) and (3) above and Part II of the Schedule to this Act shall come into force at the end of the period of three months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

(3) Subject to subsection (4) below, sections 2, 3 . . . F7 and 8 above and Part III of the Schedule to this Act shall come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument appoint, and different days may be so appointed for different provisions or for different purposes.

(4) Except in so far as they come into force at an earlier time under subsection (3) above, sections 2 and 3 above shall come into force at the end of the period of twelve months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

(5) This Act does not extend to Northern Ireland . . . F8

Textual Amendments

F7 “,7” repealed by Employment Act 1989 (c. 38, SIF 43:1), s. 29(4), Sch. 7 Pt. II

F8 Words repealed by Employment Act 1989 (c. 38, SIF 43:1), s. 29(4), Sch. 7 Pt. II

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Power of appointment conferred by s. 10(3) fully exercised: S.I. 1986/2313, 1988/99