Transport Act 1968

96 Permitted driving time and periods of duty. E+W+S

(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a driver shall not on any working day drive a vehicle or vehicles to which this Part of this Act applies for periods amounting in the aggregate to more than ten hours.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this section, if on any working day a driver has been on duty for a period of, or for periods amounting in the aggregate to, five and a half hours and—

(a) there has not been during that period, or during or between any of those periods, an interval of not less than half an hour in which he was able to obtain rest and refreshment; and

(b) the end of that period, or of the last of those periods, does not mark the end of that working day,

there shall at the end of that period, or of the last of those periods, be such an interval as aforesaid.

(3) Subject to the provisions of this section, the working day of a driver—

(a) except where paragraph (b) or (c) of this subsection applies, shall not exceed eleven hours;

(b) if during that day he is off duty for a period which is, or periods which taken together are, not less than the time by which his working day exceeds eleven hours, shall not exceed twelve and a half hours;

(c) if during that day—

(i) all the time when he is driving vehicles to which this Part of this Act applies is spent in driving one or more express carriages or contract carriages; and

(ii) he is able for a period of not less than four hours to obtain rest and refreshment,

shall not exceed fourteen hours.

(4) Subject to the provision of this section, there shall be, between any two successive working days of a driver, an interval for rest which—

(a) subject to paragraph (b) of this subsection, shall not be of less than eleven hours;

(b) if during both those days all or the greater part of the time when he is driving vehicles to which this Part of this Act applies is spent in driving one or more passenger vehicles, may, on one occasion in each working week, be of less than eleven hours but not of less than nine and a half hours;

and for the purposes of this Part of this Act a period of time shall not be treated, in the case of an employee-driver, as not being an interval for rest by reason only that he may be called upon to report for duty if required.

(5) Subject to the provisions of this section a driver shall not be on duty in any working week for periods amounting in the aggregate to more than sixty hours.

(6) Subject to the provisions of this section, there shall be, in the case of each working week of a driver, a period of not less than twenty-four hours for which he is off duty, being a period either falling wholly in that week or beginning in that week and ending in the next week; but—

(a) where the requirements of the foregoing provisions of this subsection have been satisfied in the case of any week by reference to a period ending in the next week, no part of that period (except any part after the expiration of the first twenty-four hours of it) shall be taken into account for the purpose of satisfying those requirements in the case of the next week; and

(b) those requirements need not be satisfied in the case of any working week of a driver who on each working day falling wholly or partly in that week drives one or more stage carriages if that week is immediately preceded by a week in the case of which those requirements have been satisfied as respects that driver or during which he has not at any time been on duty.

(7) If in the case of the working week of any driver the following requirement is satisfied, that is to say, that, in each of the periods of twenty-four hours beginning at midnight which make up that week, the driver does not drive a vehicle to which this Part of this Act applies for a period of, or periods amounting in the aggregate to, more than four hours, the foregoing provisions of this section shall not apply to him in that week, except that the provisions of subsections (1), (2) and (3) shall nevertheless have effect in relation to the whole of any working day falling partly in that week and partly in a working week in the case of which that requirement is not satisfied.

(8) If on any working day a driver does not drive any vehicle to which this Part of this Act applies—

(a) subsections (2) and (3) of this section shall not apply to that day, and

(b) the period or periods of duty attributable to that day for the purposes of subsection (5) of this section shall, if amounting to more than eleven hours, be treated as amounting to eleven hours only.

(9) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (7) of this section no account shall be taken of any time spent driving a vehicle elsewhere than on a road if the vehicle is being so driven in the course of operations of agriculture or forestry.

[F1 For the purposes of subsections (1) and (7) of section 96 no account shall be taken of any time spent in driving a goods vehicle elsewhere than on a road if the vehicle is being so driven in the course of [F2 operations of quarrying or of] carrying out any work in the construction, reconstruction, alteration, extension or maintenance of, or of a part of, a building, or of any other fixed works of construction or civil engineering (including works for the construction, improvement or maintenance of a road) and, for the purposes of this exemption where the vehicle is being driven on, or on a part of a road in the course of carrying out any work for the improvement or maintenance of, or of that part of, that road, it shall be treated as if it were being driven elsewhere than on a road.]

(10) For the purpose of enabling drivers to deal with cases of emergency or otherwise to meet a special need, the Minister may by regulations—

(a) create exemptions from all or any of the requirements of subsections (1) to (6) of this section in such cases and subject to such conditions as may be specified in the regulations;

(b) empower [F3 a traffic commissioner], subject to the provisions of the regulations—

(i) to dispense with the observance of all or any of those requirements (either generally or in such circumstances or to such extent as the [F4 commissioner thinks] fit) in any particular case for which provision is not made under paragraph (a) of this subsection;

(ii) to grant a certificate (which, for the purposes of any proceedings under this Part of this Act, shall be conclusive evidence of the facts therein stated) that any particular case falls or fell within any exemption created under the said paragraph (a);

and regulations under this subsection may enable any dispensation under paragraph (b)(i) of this subsection to be granted retrospectively and provide for a document purporting to be a certificate granted by virtue of paragraph (b)(ii) of this subsection to be accepted in evidence without further proof.

(11) If any of the requirements of [F5 the domestic drivers’ hours code], is contravened in the case of any driver—

(a) that driver; and

(b) any other person (being that driver’s employer or a person to whose orders that driver was subject) who caused or permitted the contravention,

shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding [F6 level 4 on the standard scale]; but a person shall not be liable to be convicted under this subsection if he proved to the court—

(i) that the contravention was due to unavoidable delay in the completion of a journey arising out of circumstances which he could not reasonably have foreseen; or

(ii) in the case of a person charged under paragraph (b) of this subsection, that the contravention was due to the fact that the driver had for any particular period or periods driven or been on duty otherwise than in the employment of that person or, as the case may be, otherwise than in the employment in which he is subject to the orders of that person, and that the person charged was not, and could not reasonably have become, aware of that fact.

[F7 (11A) Where, in the case of a driver F8 of a motor vehicle, there is F9 ... a contravention [F10 , whether occurring in the United Kingdom, [F11 an EU member State] [F12 or another contracting country],] of any requirement of [F13 the applicable Community rules] as to periods of driving, or distance driven, or periods on or off duty, then the offender and [F14 the offender’s employer, and any other person to whose orders the offender was subject,] shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding [F6 level 4 on the standard scale]]

[F15 (11B) But a person shall not be liable to be convicted under subsection (11A) if—

(a) he proves the matters specified in paragraph (i) of subsection (11); or

(b) being charged as the offender’s employer or a person to whose orders the offender was subject, he proves the matters specified in paragraph (ii) of that subsection] [F16 ; or

(c) being charged as mentioned in paragraph (b) [F17 in respect of a contravention of a provision of the Community Drivers' Hours Regulation], he proves—

(i) that at the time of the contravention he was complying with Article 10(1) (distance-related payments etc) and Article 10(2) (organisation of drivers’ work etc) of the Community Drivers’ Hours Regulation; and

(ii) that he took all reasonable steps to avoid the [F18 contravention; or]]

[F19 (d) being charged as mentioned in paragraph (b) in respect of a contravention of a provision of the AETR, the person proves—

(i) that at the time of the contravention the person was complying with Article 11(1) to (3) of the AETR (organisation of drivers' work, distance-related payments etc); and

(ii) that the person took all reasonable precautions to avoid the contravention.]

[F20 (11C) A person who—

(a) is subject to the requirement imposed by Article 10(4) of the Community Drivers’ Hours Regulation [F21 or Article 11(5) of the AETR] (undertakings etc to ensure that contractually agreed transport time schedules respect [F22 that provision]); and

(b) fails to take all reasonable steps to comply with that requirement,

shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard

scale.]

[F23 (11D) If a driver who is subject to the orders of more than one transport undertaking fails, without reasonable excuse, to provide each of them with sufficient information to enable them to avoid a contravention of Chapter 2 of the Community Drivers’ Hours Regulation, he shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 4 on the standard scale.]

(12) The Minister may by order—

(a) direct that subsection (1) of this section shall have effect with the substitution for the reference to ten hours of a reference to nine hours, either generally or with such exceptions as may be specified in the order;

(b) direct that paragraph (a) of subsection (3) of this section shall have effect with the substitution for the reference to eleven hours of a reference to any shorter period, or remove, modify or add to the provisions of that subsection containing exceptions to the said paragraph (a);

(c) remove, modify or add to any of the requirements of subsections (2), (4), (5) or (6) of this section or any of the exemptions provided for by subsections (7), (8) and (9) thereof;

and any order under this subsection may contain such transitional and supplementary provisions as the Minister thinks necessary or expedient, including provisions amending any definition in section 103 of this Act which is relevant to any of the provisions affected by the order.

[F24 (13) In this Part of this Act “the domestic driver’s hours code” means the provisions of subsections (1) to (6) of this section as for the time being in force (and, in particular, as modified, added to or substituted by or under any instrument in force under F25 ... subsection (10) or (12) of this section).]

Textual Amendments

F1 Exemption added by S.I. 1970/257, art. 4

F2 Words inserted by S.I. 1971/818, art. 5(b)

F3 Words in s. 96(10)(b) substituted (3.7.2013) by The Local Transport Act 2008 (Traffic Commissioners) (Consequential Amendments) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1644), art. 1(1), Sch. 1 (with arts. 1(3), 2, 7)

F4 Words substituted by Transport Act 1985 (c. 67, SIF 126), s. 3, Sch. 2 Pt. II para. 1(2)

F5 Words substituted by Road Traffic (Drivers' Ages and Hours of Work) Act 1976 (c. 3), s. 2(1)(e)

F6 Words substituted by virtue of (E.W.) Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), ss. 38, 46 and (S.) Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 (c. 21, SIF 39:1), ss. 289F, 289G (as inserted by Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48, SIF 39:1), s. 54)

F7 S. 96(11A) inserted by European Communities Act 1972 (c. 68), Sch. 4 para. 9(2)(a)

F8 Words repealed by S.I. 1986/1457, reg. 2

F9 Words in s. 96(11A) omitted (2.7.2007) by virtue of The Community Drivers Hours and Recording Equipment Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/1819), regs. 1(1), 7(a)(i)

F10 Words in s. 96(11A) inserted (31.1.2018) by The Community Drivers Hours Offences (Enforcement) Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/24), regs. 1, 2(2)

F11 Words in s. 96(11A) inserted (31.12.2020 immediately after the coming into force of S.I. 2019/453, Pts. 3, 4) by The Drivers’ Hours and Tachographs (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (S.I. 2020/1658), regs. 1(3), 4(2)

F12 Words in s. 96(11A) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Drivers' Hours and Tachographs (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/453), regs. 1(3), 33(a); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

F13 Words substituted by Road Traffic (Drivers' Ages and Hours of Work) Act 1976 (c. 3), s. 2(1)(c)

F14 Words in s. 96(11A) substituted (2.7.2007) by The Community Drivers Hours and Recording Equipment Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/1819), regs. 1(1), 7(a)(ii)

F15 S. 96(11B) inserted by Transport Act 1978 (c. 55), s. 10

F16 S. 96(11B)(c) and preceding word inserted (2.7.2007) by The Community Drivers Hours and Recording Equipment Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/1819), regs. 1(1), 7(b)

F17 Words in s. 96(11B)(c) inserted (26.3.2019) by The Drivers' Hours and Tachographs (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/453), regs. 1(2), 3(2)(a)

F18 Words in s. 96(11B)(c)(ii) substituted (26.3.2019) by The Drivers' Hours and Tachographs (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/453), regs. 1(2), 3(2)(b)

F19 S. 96(11B)(d) inserted (26.3.2019) by The Drivers' Hours and Tachographs (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/453), regs. 1(2), 3(2)(c)

F20 S. 96(11C) inserted (2.7.2007) by The Community Drivers Hours and Recording Equipment Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/1819), regs. 1(1), 7(c)

F21 Words in s. 96(11C) inserted (26.3.2019) by The Drivers' Hours and Tachographs (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/453), regs. 1(2), 3(3)(a)

F22 Words in s. 96(11C) substituted (26.3.2019) by The Drivers' Hours and Tachographs (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/453), regs. 1(2), 3(3)(b)

F23 S. 96(11D) inserted (5.2.2008) by The Passenger and Goods Vehicles (Recording Equipment) (Downloading and Retention of Data) Regulations 2008 (S.I. 2008/198), regs. 1(1), 4(a)

F24 S. 96(13) added by Road Traffic (Drivers' Ages and Hours of Work) Act 1976 (c. 3), s. 2(1)(f)

F25 Words in s. 96(13) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Drivers' Hours and Tachographs (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/453), regs. 1(3), 33(b) (with reg. 114); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Modifications etc. (not altering text)

C1 Power to restrict s. 96 conferred by Energy Act 1976 (c. 76), s. 4(2), Sch. 1 para. 3

C2 S. 96 applied (with modifications) (S.) (4.1.1995) by 1994 c. 39, s. 40(7) (with s. 7(2)); S.I. 1994/2850, art. 3(a), Sch. 2

C3 S. 96(1)–(6) excluded by S.I. 1986/1458, art. 2(1)