Commission Regulation (EC) No 8/2008Show full title

“Appendix 1 to OPS 1.965 Recurrent training and checking — Pilots

(a)

Recurrent Training. Recurrent training shall comprise:

(1)

Ground and refresher training;

(i)

The ground and refresher training programme shall include:

(A)

Aeroplane systems;

(B)

Operational procedures and requirements including ground de-/anti-icing and pilot incapacitation; and

(C)

Accident/Incident and occurrence review.

(ii)

Knowledge of the ground and refresher training shall be verified by a questionnaire or other suitable methods.

(2)

Aeroplane/STD training;

(i)

The aeroplane/STD training programme shall be established such that all major failures of aeroplane systems and associated procedures will have been covered in the preceding 3-year period.

(ii)

When engine-out manoeuvres are carried out in an aeroplane, the engine failure shall be simulated.

(iii)

Aeroplane/STD training may be combined with the operator proficiency check.

(3)

Emergency and Safety Equipment Training;

(i)

The emergency and safety equipment training programme may be combined with emergency and safety equipment checking and shall be conducted in an aeroplane or a suitable alternative training device.

(ii)

Every year the emergency and safety equipment training programme must include the following:

(A)

Actual donning of a lifejacket where fitted;

(B)

Actual donning of protective breathing equipment where fitted;

(C)

Actual handling of fire extinguishers;

(D)

Instruction on the location and use of all emergency and safety equipment carried on the aeroplane;

(E)

Instruction on the location and use of all types of exits; and

(F)

Security procedures.

(iii)

Every 3 years the programme of training must include the following:

(A)

Actual operation of all types of exits;

(B)

Demonstration of the method used to operate a slide where fitted;

(C)

Actual fire-fighting using equipment representative of that carried in the aeroplane on an actual or simulated fire except that, with Halon extinguishers, an alternative method acceptable to the Authority may be used;

(D)

The effects of smoke in an enclosed area and actual use of all relevant equipment in a simulated smoke-filled environment;

(E)

Actual handling of pyrotechnics, real or simulated, where fitted; and

(F)

Demonstration in the use of the life-raft(s) where fitted.

(4)

Crew Resource Management training

(i)

Elements of CRM shall be integrated into all appropriate phases of recurrent training; and

(ii)

A specific modular CRM training programme shall be established such that all major topics of CRM training are covered over a period not exceeding 3 years, as follows:

(A)

Human error and reliability, error chain, error prevention and detection;

(B)

Company safety culture, SOPs, organisational factors;

(C)

Stress, stress management, fatigue and vigilance;

(D)

Information acquisition and processing, situation awareness, workload management;

(E)

Decision making;

(F)

Communication and coordination inside and outside the cockpit;

(G)

Leadership and team behaviour, synergy;

(H)

Automation and philosophy of the use of Automation (if relevant to the type);

(I)

Specific type-related differences;

(J)

Case based studies;

(K)

Additional areas which warrant extra attention, as identified by the accident prevention and flight safety programme (see OPS 1.037).

(iii)

Operators shall establish procedures to update their CRM recurrent training programme. Revision of the Programme shall be conducted over a period not exceeding 3 years. The revision of the programme shall take into account the de-identified results of the CRM assessments of crews, and information identified by the accident prevention and flight safety programme.

(b)

Recurrent checking. Recurrent checking shall comprise:

(1)

Operator proficiency checks;

(i)

Where applicable, operator proficiency checks shall include the following manoeuvres:

(A)

Rejected take-off when a flight simulator is available, otherwise touch drills only;

(B)

Take-off with engine failure between V1 and V2 or as soon as safety considerations permit;

(C)

Precision instrument approach to minima with, in the case of multi-engined aeroplanes, one engine inoperative;

(D)

Non-precision approach to minima;

(E)

Missed approach on instruments from minima with, in the case of multi-engined aeroplanes, one engine inoperative; and

(F)

Landing with one engine inoperative. For single-engined aeroplanes a practice forced landing is required.

(ii)

When engine out manoeuvres are carried out in an aeroplane, the engine failure must be simulated.

(iii)

In addition to the checks prescribed in subparagraphs (i)(A) to (F) above, the requirements governing the issue of flight crew licences must be completed every 12 months and may be combined with the operator proficiency check.

(iv)

For a pilot operating VFR only, the checks prescribed in subparagraphs (i)(C) to (E) above may be omitted except for an approach and go-around in a multi-engine aeroplane with one engine inoperative.

(v)

Operator proficiency checks must be conducted by a Type Rating Examiner.

(2)

Emergency and safety equipment checks. The items to be checked shall be those for which training has been carried out in accordance with subparagraph (a)(3) above.

(3)

Line checks;

(i)

Line checks must establish the ability to perform satisfactorily a complete line operation including pre-flight and post-flight procedures and use of the equipment provided, as specified in the Operations Manual.

(ii)

The flight crew must be assessed on their Crew Resource Management CRM skills in accordance with a methodology acceptable to the Authority and published in the Operations Manual. The purpose of such assessment is to:

(A)

Provide feedback to the crew collectively and individually and serve to identify retraining; and

(B)

Be used to improve the CRM training system.

(iii)

CRM assessment alone shall not be used as a reason for a failure of the line check.

(iv)

When pilots are assigned duties as pilot flying and pilot non-flying they must be checked in both functions.

(v)

Line checks must be completed in an aeroplane.

(vi)

Line checks must be conducted by commanders nominated by the operator and acceptable to the Authority. The person conducting the line check, who is described in OPS 1.965(a)(4)(ii), shall be trained in CRM concepts and the assessment of CRM skills and shall occupy an observer's seat where installed. In the case of long haul operations where additional operating flight crew are carried, the person may fulfil the function of a cruise relief pilot and shall not occupy either pilot's seat during take-off, departure, initial cruise, descent, approach and landing. His/her CRM assessments shall solely be based on observations made during the initial briefing, cabin briefing, cockpit briefing and those phases where he/she occupies the observer's seat.