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Commission Regulation (EC) No 273/2008 of 5 March 2008 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1255/1999 as regards methods for the analysis and quality evaluation of milk and milk products (repealed)
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This method lays down a method for the determination of the content of the triglyceride of enanthic acid in butter-oil, butter and cream.
Enanthic acid content: content of the triglyceride of enanthic acid determined by the procedure specified in this method.
Note: The enanthic acid content is expressed in kg per ton of product for butter-oil and butter, and it is expressed in kg per ton of milk fat for cream.
Milk fat is extracted from the different products according to ISO 14156 | IDF 172:2001. The quantitative determination of the content of the triglyceride of enanthic acid in the extracted fat is determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC). The result obtained for the sample is evaluated by reference to the triglyceride of caproic acid as internal standard.
Note: Tributyrin has also been found to be a satisfactory internal standard.
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade.
Usual laboratory equipment and particularly the following:
Gas chromatography equipment
GC column, with a stationary phase which has successfully employed to perform triglyceride separation (100 % dimethylpolysiloxane or 5 % phenyl-95 % methylpolysiloxane). Select the stationary phase, the column length (between 4 m and 15 m), the internal diameter (between 0,22 mm and 0,50 mm) and the film thickness (0,12 μm or more) taking into account the laboratory experience and the injection system applied. In any case the selected column shall produce both a complete separation between the solvent peak and the triglyceride of caproic acid and a baseline resolution between triglyceride of caproic and enanthic acid peaks. Examples of applicable conditions are listed below.
Carrier gas: helium
Column head pressure: 100 KPa
Column: 12 m length, 0,5 mm internal diameter, 0,1 μm film thickness fused silica column
Stationary phase: 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane or 5 % phenyl-95 % dimethylpolysiloxane (for ex. HT5)
Column temperature: initial temperature of 130 °C, maintained for 1 min, raised at a rate of 20 °C/min up to 260 °C and then raised at a rate of 30 °C/min up to 360 °C; maintain 10 mn at 360 °C
Detector temperature: 370 °C
Injector temperature: 350 °C
Split ratio 1:30
Amount of sample injected: 1 μl.
Carrier gas: hydrogen (constant flow system)
Column head pressure: 89 kPa
Column: 4 m length, 0,32 mm internal diameter, 0,25 μm film thickness, fused silica column
Stationary phase: 5 % phenyl, 95 % dimethylpolysiloxane
Column temperature: initial temperature of 60 °C, maintained for 2 min, raised at a rate of 35 °C/min up to 340 °C, maintained at this temperature for 5 min
Detector temperature: 350 °C
Amount of sample injected: 1 μl
It is important that the laboratory receives a sample which is truly representative and has not been damaged or changed during transport or storage.
Sampling is not part of the method specified in this International Standard. A recommended sampling method is given in IDF: standard 50C:1995 or ISO 707-1997 — Milk and milk products — Methods of sampling.
Proceed according to ISO 14156 | IDF 172:2001
Note: If the on column injector system is adopted an increased dilution should be applied both to the standard and sample solutions.
For each chromatogram, integrate the area of the peaks associated with the triglycerides of enanthic acid and caproic acid.
Follow those instructions for each bracketed sequence i.e. for a set of bracketed samples, the standard injected twice immediately before them is STD1 and the standard injected twice immediately after them is STD2.
Rf1 (a) or (b) = (Peak area for caproic acid triglyceride/Peak area for enanthic acid triglyceride) × 100
Calculate the mean average response factor, Rf1
Rf1 = (Rf1(a) + Rf1(b)) / 2
Rf = (Rf1 + Rf2) /2
For each sample chromatogram obtained between STD1 and STD2, calculate the enanthic acid content, C (kg/t):
C = (Peak area for enanthic acid triglyceride × Rf × 100)/(Peak area for caproic acid triglyceride × Wt × 1 000)
where:
Wt = weight of fat taken (g),
100 = dilution volume for sample,
1 000 = conversion factor (for μg/g to kg/t)
For butter samples, take the fat content of butter into account and calculate a corrected concentration value, Cbutter (kg/t of butter)
Cbutter = Cfat × F
where F is the fat content of butter.
Details of an interlaboratory test on butter in accordance with ISO 5725-1 and ISO 5725-2 on the precision method are shown in (12.).
The values for repeatability and reproducibility limit are expressed for the 95 % probability level and may not be applicable to concentration ranges and matrices other than those given.
The absolute differences between two individual single test results, obtained with the same method on identical test material in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same equipment within a short interval of time, will in not more than 5 % of cases be greater than 0,35 kg/t.
The absolute differences between two individual single test results, obtained with the same method on identical test material in different laboratories with different operators using different equipment will in not more than 5 % of cases be greater than 0,66 kg/t.
9,51 kg/t (95 % of the minimum incorporation rate of 95 % pure enanthic acid triglyceride, single determination),
6,89 kg/t (70 % of the minimum incorporation rate of 95 % pure enanthic acid triglyceride, single determination),
The tracer concentration of the sample giving the lowest result is used in conjunction with interpolation respectively between 9,51 kg/t and 6,89 kg/t.
8,60 kg/t (95 % of the minimum incorporation rate of 95 % pure enanthic acid triglyceride, single determination),
6,23 kg/t (70 % of the minimum incorporation rate of 95 % pure enanthic acid triglyceride, single determination),
The tracer concentration of the sample giving the lowest result is used in conjunction with interpolation respectively between 8,60 kg/t and 6,23 kg/t.
Upper limit is 12,96 kg/t
Upper limit is 11,82 kg/t.
Four collaborative trials have been carried out to determine the trienantoate content in traced butter.
Nine laboratories participated to the 1st ring test and no specifications were provided about the analytical methods to use:
10 laboratories participated to the 2nd ring test and 4 different methods were applied:
Quantification of methylheptanoate by using n-nonane or methylnonanoate as internal standard
Quantification of trienantoate by using tricaproate as internal standard
Quantification of methylheptanoate by using a calibration sample/mixture
Quantification of methylheptanoate by using a calibration mixture.
Moreover, if FAME were analysed, two different methylation procedures were used (De Francesco and Christopherson & Glass).
Due to the results obtained, two methods were chosen to perform the 3rd ring test:
Quantification of methylheptanoate by using n-nonane or methylnonanoate as internal standard
Quantification of trienantoate by using tricaproate as internal standard.
The results of 7 labs showed that the FAME method produced a higher variability and consequently it was decided to use only the determination of trienantoate as triglyceride following the procedure of the q Quantification of trienantoate by using tricaproate as internal standard. Moreover the triglyceride analysis has to be carried out by capillary column.
In the 4th ring test four samples (A, B, C, D) were circulated and nine laboratories provided results (Tables 1-2).
Two laboratories (DE and UE) analysed the samples by using FAME method.
Due to the reduced number of laboratories, the Statistical calculation has been performed both on the complete set (Figures 1-2) of data including FAME results and on the data obtained from TG analysis.
sample A. Dixon, Cochran and Grubbs tests at levels 1 and 5 %, showed one laboratory outlier.
sample B. Grubbs test at level 5 % showed one laboratory outlier.
sample C. Dixon and Grubbs tests at levels 1 and 5 %, showed one laboratory outlier.
sample D. Dixon and Grubbs tests at levels 1 end 5 %, showed one laboratory outlier.
The outlier has been excluded from the calculation.
It is worth noting that the results obtained by FAME method were never considered as outliers by the tests applied.
Tables 1 and 2 report the results of all the laboratories and the precision parameters calculated on an acceptable number (8) of labs but, unfortunately not deriving from the same analytical method.
Tables 3 and 4 report the results deriving only from TG method and the corresponding precision parameters. The acceptance of these parameters is subjected to the acceptance of the low number of laboratories (6).
Figures 2 and 3 show the trend of Sr and SR calculated on the 4 samples of the 2 data set described above.
Table 5 reports the Sr and SR values together with the corresponding pooled values and overall r and R parameters.
Finally the Critical Difference at 95 % of probability level has been calculated.
Statistical Results of TG + FAME* methods
Sample A | R1 | R2 | Mean | N. of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 8 | |
RENNES | FR1 | 11,0 | 11,1 | 11,1 | N. of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 11,2 | 11,2 | 11,2 | Outliers | DК |
ZPLA | DE* | 11,6 | 11,8 | 11,7 | Mean value | 11,3 |
ADAS | GB | 11,4 | 11,2 | 11,3 | True value | 11,0 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 11,4 | 11,4 | 11,4 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,09 |
LODI | IT | 11,1 | 11,3 | 11,2 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 0,80 |
EELA | FI | 11,3 | 11,2 | 11,3 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,26 |
ISPRA | UE* | 11,0 | 11,0 | 11,0 | Relative Repeatability r % | 2,24 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 13,3 | 11,8 | 12,6 | Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,23 |
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%) | 2,04 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,84 | |||||
Relative Reproducibility R % | 5,71 | |||||
Sample B | R1 | R2 | Mean | N. of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 8 | |
RENNES | FR1 | 12,7 | 12,8 | 12,8 | N, of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 13,5 | 13,3 | 13,4 | Outliers | DK |
ZPLA | DE* | 14,0 | 13,8 | 13,9 | Mean value | 13,4 |
ADAS | GB | 13,4 | 13,5 | 13,5 | True value | 13,5 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 13,3 | 13,4 | 13,4 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,14 |
LODI | IT | 13,9 | 13,5 | 13,7 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 1,04 |
EELA | FI | 13,4 | 13,2 | 13,3 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,40 |
ISPRA | UE* | 13,2 | 13,3 | 13,3 | Relative Repeatability r % | 2,91 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 14,1 | 14,8 | 14,5 | Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,35 |
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%) | 2,61 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,99 | |||||
Relative reproducibility R % | 7,31 |
Statistical Results of TG + FAME* methods
Sample C | R1 | R2 | Mean | N. of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 8 | |
RENNES | FR1 | 8,9 | 9,2 | 9,1 | N. of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 9,2 | 9,3 | 9,3 | Outliers | DK |
ZPLA | DE* | 9,2 | 9,4 | 9,3 | Mean value | 9,3 |
ADAS | GB | 9,5 | 9,3 | 9,4 | True value | 9,3 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 9,4 | 9,4 | 9,4 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,14 |
LODI | IT | 9,2 | 9,5 | 9,4 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 1,50 |
EELA | FI | 9,4 | 9,6 | 9,5 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,40 |
ISPRA | UE* | 9,4 | 9,3 | 9,4 | Relative Repeatability r % | 4,20 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 10,7 | 10,9 | 10,8 | Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,17 |
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%) | 1,82 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,47 | |||||
Relative Reproducibility R % | 5,10 | |||||
Sample D | R1 | R2 | Mean | N. of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 8 | |
RENNES | R1 | 1,6 | 1,6 | 1,6 | N. of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 2,1 | 2,1 | 2,1 | Outliers | DK |
ZPLA | DE* | 2,3 | 2,3 | 2,3 | Mean value | 2,1 |
ADAS | GB | 2,1 | 2,2 | 2,2 | True value | 2,1 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 2,1 | 2,1 | 2,1 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,08 |
LODI | IT | 2,2 | 1,9 | 2,1 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 3,81 |
EELA | FI | 2,3 | 2,3 | 2,3 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,22 |
ISPRA | UE* | 2,3 | 2,3 | 2,3 | Relative Repeatability r % | 10,67 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 3,4 | 2,9 | 3,2 | Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,24 |
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%) | 11,43 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,67 | |||||
Relative Reproducibility R % | 32,00 |
Statistical Results of TG + FAME* methods
Sample A | R1 | R2 | Mean | N. of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 6 | |
RENNES | FR1 | 11,0 | 11,1 | 11,1 | N. of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 11,2 | 11,2 | 11,2 | Outliers | DК |
ADAS | GB | 11,4 | 11,2 | 11,3 | Mean value | 11,2 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 11,4 | 11,4 | 11,4 | True value | 11,0 |
LODI | IT | 11,1 | 11,3 | 11,2 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,09 |
EELA | FI | 11,3 | 11,2 | 11,3 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 0,80 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 13,3 | 11,8 | 12,6 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,25 |
Relative Repeatability r % | 2,24 | |||||
Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,13 | |||||
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%) | 1,16 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,36 | |||||
Relative Reproducibility R % | 3,25 | |||||
Sample B | R1 | R2 | Mean | N. of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 6 | |
RENNES | FR1 | 12,7 | 12,8 | 12,8 | N. of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 13,5 | 13,3 | 13,4 | Outliers | DК |
ADAS | GB | 13,4 | 13,5 | 13,5 | Mean value | 13,3 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 13,3 | 13,4 | 13,4 | True value | 13,5 |
LODI | IT | 13,9 | 13,5 | 13,7 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,15 |
EELA | FI | 13,4 | 13,2 | 13,3 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 1,13 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 14,1 | 14,8 | 14,5 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,42 |
Relative Repeatability r % | 3,16 | |||||
Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,33 | |||||
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%) | 2,48 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,93 | |||||
Relative Reproducibility R % | 6,94 |
Statistical Results of TG method
Sample C | R1 | R2 | Mean | N. of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 6 | |
RENNES | FR1 | 8,9 | 9,2 | 9,1 | N. of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 9,2 | 9,3 | 9,3 | Outliers | DК |
ADAS | GB | 9,5 | 9,3 | 9,4 | Mean value | 9,3 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 9,4 | 9,4 | 9,4 | True value | 9,3 |
LODI | IT | 9,2 | 9,5 | 9,4 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,15 |
EELA | FI | 9,4 | 9,6 | 9,5 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 1,61 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 10,7 | 10,9 | 10,8 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,42 |
Relative Repeatability r % | 4,51 | |||||
Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,19 | |||||
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%) | 2,04 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,53 | |||||
Relative Reproducibility R % | 5,71 | |||||
Sample D | R1 | R2 | Mean | N, of labs retained after eliminating outliers | 6 | |
RENNES | FR1 | 1,6 | 1,6 | 1,6 | N. of outliers | 1 |
RIKILT | NL | 2,1 | 2,1 | 2,1 | Outliers | DK |
Mean Value | 2,1 | |||||
ADAS | GB | 2,1 | 2,2 | 2,2 | True value | 2,1 |
CNEVA | FR2 | 2,1 | 2,1 | 2,1 | Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) | 0,09 |
LODI | IT | 2,2 | 1,9 | 2,1 | Repeatability relative sd (RSDr%) | 4,29 |
EELA | FI | 2,3 | 2,3 | 2,3 | Repeatability r (95 %) | 0,26 |
D.V.F.A. | DK | 3,4 | 2,9 | 3,2 | Relative Repeatability r % | 12,01 |
Reproducibility standard deviation (SR) | 0,25 | |||||
Reproducibility relative sd (RSDR%] | 11,90 | |||||
Reproducibility R (95 %) | 0,69 | |||||
Relative Reproducibility R % | 33,32 |
Repeatability and reproducibility (with FAME)
CrD95 =0,40 Minimum purity stated for trienantoate = 95 % Minimum limit stated for trienantoate in butterfat = 11 kg/t Taking the Critical Difference for a 95 % probability level into consideration, the mean of the two results shall not be less than:
| ||||
No of labs | Outlier | RepeatabilitySr (95 %) | ReproducibilitySR (95 %) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample A | 8 | 1 | 0,09 | 0,23 |
Sample Β | 8 | 1 | 0,14 | 0,35 |
Sample C | 8 | 1 | 0,14 | 0,17 |
Sample D | 8 | 1 | 0,08 | 0,24 |
Pooled value | 0,116 | 0,256 | ||
r | R | |||
Pooled value* 2,8 | 0,324 | 0,716 |
CrD95 = 0,36 Minimum purity stated for trienantoate = 95 % Minimum limit stated for trienantoate in butterfat = 11 kg/t Taking the Critical Difference for a 95 % probability level into consideration, the mean of the two results shall not be less than:
| ||||
No of labs | Outlier | RepeatabilitySr (95 %) | ReproducibilitySR (95 %) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sample A | 6 | 1 | 0,09 | 0,13 |
Sample B | 6 | 1 | 0,15 | 0,33 |
Sample C | 6 | 1 | 0,15 | 0,19 |
Sample D | 6 | 1 | 0,09 | 0,25 |
Pooled value | 0,124 | 0,237 | ||
r | R | |||
Pooled value * 2,8 | 0,347 | 0,663 |
= FAME method.
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