Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005Show full title

CHAPTER VII SPACE ALLOWANCES

Space allowances for animals shall comply at least with the following figures:

A. Domestic equidae

Transport by rail

a The standard useable width of wagons is 2 to 2 m.
Adult horses	1,75 m2 (0,7 × 2,5 m)a
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys of up to 48 hours)	1,2 m2 (0,6 × 2 m)
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys over 48 hours)	2,4 m2 (1,2 × 2 m)
Ponies (under 144 cm)	1 m2 (0,6 × 1,8 m)
Foals (0 — 6 months)	1,4 m2 (1 × 1,4 m)

Note: During long journeys, foals and young horses must be able to lie down

These figures may vary by a maximum of 10 % for adult horses and ponies and by a maximum of 20 % for young horses and foals, depending not only on the horses' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.

Transport by road

Adult horses	1,75 m2 (0,7 × 2,5 m)
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys of up to 48 hours)	1,2 m2 (0,6 × 2 m)
Young horses (6 — 24 months) (for journeys over 48 hours)	2,4 m2 (1,2 × 2 m)
Ponies (under 144 cm)	1 m2 (0,6 × 1,8 m)
Foals (0 — 6 months)	1,4 m2 (1 × 1,4 m)

Note: During long journeys, foals and young horses must be able to lie down

These figures may vary by a maximum of 10 % for adult horses and ponies and by a maximum of 20 % for young horses and foals, depending not only on the horses' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.

Transport by air

Loading density of horses in relation to surface area

0 — 100 kg	0,42 m2
100 — 200 kg	0,66 m2
200 — 300 kg	0,87 m2
300 — 400 kg	1,04 m2
400 — 500 kg	1,19 m2
500 — 600 kg	1,34 m2
600 — 700 kg	1,51 m2
700 — 800 kg	1,73 m2

Transport by sea

Live weight in kg	m2/animal
200 — 300	0,9 — 1,175
300 — 400	1,175 — 1,45
400 — 500	1,45 — 1,725
500 — 600	1,725 — 2
600 — 700	2 — 2,25

B. Bovine animals

Transport by rail

Category	Approximate weight (in kg)	Area in m2/animal
Small calves	50	0,3 to 0,4
Medium sized calves	110	0,4 to 0,7
Heavy calves	200	0,7 to 0,95
Medium sized cattle	325	0,95 to 1,3
Heavy cattle	550	1,3 to 1,6
Very heavy cattle	> 700	> 1,6

These figures may vary, depending not only on the animals' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.

Transport by road

Category	Approximate weight (in kg)	Area in m2/animal
Small calves	50	0,3 to 0,4
Medium sized calves	110	0,4 to 0,7
Heavy calves	200	0,7 to 0,95
Medium sized cattle	325	0,95 to 1,3
Heavy cattle	550	1,3 to 1,6
Very heavy cattle	> 700	> 1,6

These figures may vary, depending not only on the animals' weight and size but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.

Transport by air

Category	Approximate weight (in kg)	Area in m2/animal
Calves	50 70	0,23 0,28
Cattle	300 500	0,84 1,27

Transport by sea

Live weight in kg	m2/animal
200 — 300	0,81 — 1,0575
300 — 400	1,0575 — 1,305
400 — 500	1,305 — 1,5525
500 — 600	1,5525 — 1,8
600 — 700	1,8 — 2,025

Pregnant animals must be allowed 10 % more space.

C. Sheep/Goats

Transport by rail

Category	Weight in kg	Area in m2/animal
Shorn sheep	< 55	0,2 to 0,3
	> 55	> 0,3
Unshorn sheep	< 55	0,3 to 0,4
	> 55	> 0,4
Heavily pregnant ewes	< 55	0,4 to 0,5
	> 55	> 0,5
Goats	< 35	0,2 to 0,3
	35 to 55	0,3 to 0,4
	> 55	0,4 to 0,75
Heavily pregnant goats	< 55	0,4 to 0,5
	> 55	> 0,5

The surface area indicated above may vary depending on the breed, the size, the physical condition and the length of fleece of the animals, as well as on the meteorological conditions and the journey time.

Transport by road

Category	Weight in kg	Area in m2/animal
Shorn sheep and lambs of 26 kg and over	< 55	0,2 to 0,3
	> 55	> 0,3
Unshorn sheep	< 55	0,3 to 0,4
	> 55	> 0,4
Heavily pregnant ewes	< 55	0,4 to 0,5
	> 55	> 0,5
Goats	< 35	0,2 to 0,3
	35 to 55	0,3 to 0,4
	> 55	0,4 to 0,75
Heavily pregnant goats	< 55	0,4 to 0,5
	> 55	> 0,5

The surface area indicated above may vary depending on the breed, the size, the physical condition and the length of fleece of the animals, as well as on the meteorological conditions and the journey time. As an indication: for small lambs, an area of under 0,2 m² per animal may be provided.

Transport by air

Loading density for sheep and goats in relation to surface area

Average weight (in kg)	Surface area per sheep/goat (in m2)
25	0,2
50	0,3
75	0,4

Transport by sea

Live weight in kg	m2/animal
20 — 30	0,24 — 0,265
30 — 40	0,265 — 0,29
40 — 50	0,29 — 0,315
50 — 60	0,315 — 0,34
60 — 70	0,34 — 0,39

D. Pigs

Transport by rail and by road

All pigs must at least be able to lie down and stand up in their natural position.

In order to comply with these minimum requirements, the loading density for pigs of around 100 kg should not exceed 235 kg/m².

The breed, size and physical condition of the pigs may mean that the minimum required surface area given above has to be increased; a maximum increase of 20 % may also be required depending on the meteorological conditions and the journey time.

Transport by air

The loading density should be relatively high to preclude injury on takeoff or landing or in the event of turbulence, although all animals must still be able to lie down. The climate, total journey time and hour of arrival should be taken into account in deciding on the loading density.

Average weight	Surface area per pig
15 kg	0,13 m2
25 kg	0,15 m2
50 kg	0,35 m2
100 kg	0,51 m2

Transport by sea

Live weight in kg	m2/animal
10 or less	0,2
20	0,28
45	0,37
70	0,6
100	0,85
140	0,95
180	1,1
270	1,5

E. Poultry

Densities applicable to the transport of poultry in containers

Minimum floor areas shall be provided as follows:

Category	Area in cm2
Day-old chicks	21 — 25 per chick
Poultry other than day-old chicks: weight in kg	Area in cm2 per kg
< 1,6	180 — 200
1,6 to < 3	160
3 to < 5	115
> 5	105

These figures may vary depending not only on the weight and size of the birds but also on their physical condition, the meteorological conditions and the likely journey time.