Commission Directive 2011/3/EU (repealed)Show full title

ANNEX

In Annex I to Directive 2008/128/EC the entry on E 160 d is replaced by the following:

‘E 160 D LYCOPENE

(i) synthetic lycopene
Synonyms	Lycopene from chemical synthesis
Definition	Synthetic lycopene is a mixture of geometric isomeres of lycopenes and is produced by the Wittig condensation of synthetic intermediates commonly used in the production of other carotenoids used in food. Synthetic lycopene consists predominantly of all-trans-lycopene together with 5-cis-lycopene and minor quantities of other isomers. Commercial lycopene preparations intended for use in food are formulated as suspensions in edible oils or water-dispersible or water- soluble powder.
Colour Index No	75125
EINECS	207-949-1
Chemical name	Ψ,Ψ-carotene, all-trans-lycopene, (all-E)-lycopene, (all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene
Chemical formula	C40H56
Molecular weight	536,85
Assay	Not less than 96 % total lycopenes (not less than 70 % all-translycopene) E1 cm 1 % at 465 - 475 nm in hexane (for 100 % pure all-translycopene) is 3 450
Description	Red crystalline powder
Identification
Spectrophotometry	A solution in hexane shows an absorption maximum at approximately 470 nm
Test for carotenoids	The colour of the solution of the sample in acetone disappears after successive additions of a 5 % solution of sodium nitrite and 1N sulphuric acid
Solubility	Insoluble in water, freely soluble in chloroform
Properties of 1 % solution in chloroform	Is clear and has intensive red-orange colour
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 0,5 % (40 °C, 4 h at 20 mm Hg)
Apo-12’-lycopenal	Not more than 0,15 %
Triphenyl phosphine oxide	Not more than 0,01 %
Solvent residues	Methanol not more than 200 mg/kg, Hexane, Propan-2-ol: Not more than 10 mg/kg each. Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg (in commercial preparations only)
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg
(ii) from red tomatoes
Synonyms	Natural Yellow 27
Definition	Lycopene is obtained by solvent extraction of red tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with subsequent removal of the solvent. Only the following solvent may be used: carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propan-2-ol, methanol, ethanol, hexane. The major colouring principle of tomatoes is lycopene, minor amounts of other carotenoid pigments may be present. Besides the colour pigments the product may contain oil, fats, waxes and flavour components naturally occurring in tomatoes.
Colour Index No	75125
EINECS	207-949-1
Chemical name	Ψ,Ψ-carotene, all-trans-lycopene, (all-E)-lycopene, (all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene
Chemical formula	C40H56
Molecular weight	536,85
Assay	E1 cm 1 % at 465 - 475 nm in hexane (for 100 % pure all-translycopene) is 3 450. Content not less than 5 % total colouring matters
Description	Dark red viscous liquid
Identification
Spectrophotometry	Maximum in hexane at ca 472 nm
Purity
Solvent residues	Propane-2-ol Hexane Acetone Ethanol Methanol Ethylacetate Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination
Sulphated ash	Not more than 1 %
Mercury	Not more than 1 mg/kg
Cadmium	Not more than 1 mg/kg
Arsenic	Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead	Not more than 2 mg/kg
(iii) from Blakeslea trispora
Synonyms	Natural Yellow 27
Definition	Lycopene from Blakeslea trispora is extracted from the fungal biomass and purified by crystallisation and filtration. It consists predominantly of all-trans-lycopene. It also contains minor quantities of other carotenoids. Isopropanol and isobutyl acetate are the only solvents used in the manufacture. Commercial lycopene preparations intended for use in food are formulated as suspensions in edible oils or water-dispersible or water-soluble powder.
Colour Index No	75125
EINECS	207-949-1
Chemical name	Ψ,Ψ-carotene, all-trans-lycopene, (all-E)-lycopene, (all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene
Chemical formula	C40H56
Molecular weight	536,85
Assay	Not less than 95 % total lycopenes and not less than 90 % all-translycopene of all colouring matters E1 cm 1 % at 465 - 475 nm in hexane (for 100 % pure all-translycopene) is 3 450
Description	Red crystalline powder
Identification
Spectrophotometry	A solution in hexane shows an absorption maximum at approximately 470 nm
Test of carotenoids	The colour of the solution of the sample in acetone disappears after successive additions of a 5 % solution of sodium nitrite and 1N sulphuric acid
Solubility	Insoluble in water, freely soluble in chloroform
Properties of 1 % solution in chloroform	Is clear and has intensive red-orange colour
Purity
Loss on drying	Not more than 0,5 % (40 °C, 4 h at 20 mm Hg)
Other carotenoids	Not more than 5 %
Solvent residues	Propan-2-ol: Not more than 0,1 % Isobutyl acetate: Not more than 1,0 % Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg (in commercial preparations only)
Sulphated ash	Not more than 0,3 %
Lead	Not more than 1 mg/kg’