Consumer Rights Act 2015

Consumer Rights Act 2015

2015 CHAPTER 15

Commentary on Sections

Part 2: Unfair Terms

What are the general rules about fairness of contract terms and notices?

Section 62: Requirement for contract terms and notices to be fair

297. The effect of this section is that terms used in contracts and notices will only be binding upon the consumer if they are fair. It defines ‘unfair’ terms as those which put the consumer at a disadvantage, by limiting the consumer’s rights or disproportionately increasing their obligations as compared to the trader’s rights and obligations.

298. This section also sets out factors that a court should take into account when determining whether a term is fair, notably that it should consider the specific circumstances existing when the term was agreed, other terms in the contract and the nature of the subject matter of the contract. This assessment is known as the ‘fairness test’ (see also section 63 as regards the list of terms that may be used to assist a court when considering the application of the fairness test).

299. For example, a contract to subscribe to a magazine could contain a term allowing the publisher to cancel the subscription at short notice. In deciding whether this is fair or not, the court could consider issues such as whether the subscriber can also cancel at short notice or obtain a refund if the publisher cancels the contract.

300. Subsection (8) explains that terms which are void will still be void regardless of the fairness test explained in this section. Terms which are void may still be subject to the fairness test and found to be unfair, however if they are found to be fair that does not prevent them from being void.

301. This section brings together sections 4 and 11 of the UCTA (for England, Wales and Northern Ireland), sections 17 and 18 of the UCTA (for Scotland), and regulations 5 and 6 of the UTCCRs. This section also implements Articles 3, 4 and 6 of the UTCCD.