- Latest available (Revised)
- Point in Time (17/01/2011)
- Original (As adopted by EU)
Commission Directive 2011/3/EU of 17 January 2011 amending Directive 2008/128/EC laying down specific purity criteria on colours for use in foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance) (repealed)
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Version Superseded: 30/11/2012
EU Directives are being published on this site to aid cross referencing from UK legislation. After IP completion day (31 December 2020 11pm) no further amendments will be applied to this version.
In Annex I to Directive 2008/128/EC the entry on E 160 d is replaced by the following:
(i) synthetic lycopene | |
---|---|
Synonyms | Lycopene from chemical synthesis |
Definition | Synthetic lycopene is a mixture of geometric isomeres of lycopenes and is produced by the Wittig condensation of synthetic intermediates commonly used in the production of other carotenoids used in food. Synthetic lycopene consists predominantly of all-trans-lycopene together with 5-cis-lycopene and minor quantities of other isomers. Commercial lycopene preparations intended for use in food are formulated as suspensions in edible oils or water-dispersible or water- soluble powder. |
Colour Index No | 75125 |
EINECS | 207-949-1 |
Chemical name | Ψ,Ψ-carotene, all-trans-lycopene, (all-E)-lycopene, (all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene |
Chemical formula | C40H56 |
Molecular weight | 536,85 |
Assay | Not less than 96 % total lycopenes (not less than 70 % all-translycopene) E1 cm 1 % at 465 - 475 nm in hexane (for 100 % pure all-translycopene) is 3 450 |
Description | Red crystalline powder |
Identification | |
Spectrophotometry | A solution in hexane shows an absorption maximum at approximately 470 nm |
Test for carotenoids | The colour of the solution of the sample in acetone disappears after successive additions of a 5 % solution of sodium nitrite and 1N sulphuric acid |
Solubility | Insoluble in water, freely soluble in chloroform |
Properties of 1 % solution in chloroform | Is clear and has intensive red-orange colour |
Purity | |
Loss on drying | Not more than 0,5 % (40 °C, 4 h at 20 mm Hg) |
Apo-12’-lycopenal | Not more than 0,15 % |
Triphenyl phosphine oxide | Not more than 0,01 % |
Solvent residues | Methanol not more than 200 mg/kg, Hexane, Propan-2-ol: Not more than 10 mg/kg each. Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg (in commercial preparations only) |
Lead | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
(ii) from red tomatoes | |
Synonyms | Natural Yellow 27 |
Definition | Lycopene is obtained by solvent extraction of red tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with subsequent removal of the solvent. Only the following solvent may be used: carbon dioxide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propan-2-ol, methanol, ethanol, hexane. The major colouring principle of tomatoes is lycopene, minor amounts of other carotenoid pigments may be present. Besides the colour pigments the product may contain oil, fats, waxes and flavour components naturally occurring in tomatoes. |
Colour Index No | 75125 |
EINECS | 207-949-1 |
Chemical name | Ψ,Ψ-carotene, all-trans-lycopene, (all-E)-lycopene, (all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene |
Chemical formula | C40H56 |
Molecular weight | 536,85 |
Assay | E1 cm 1 % at 465 - 475 nm in hexane (for 100 % pure all-translycopene) is 3 450. Content not less than 5 % total colouring matters |
Description | Dark red viscous liquid |
Identification | |
Spectrophotometry | Maximum in hexane at ca 472 nm |
Purity | |
Solvent residues | Propane-2-ol Hexane Acetone Ethanol Methanol Ethylacetate Not more than 50 mg/kg, singly or in combination |
Sulphated ash | Not more than 1 % |
Mercury | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Cadmium | Not more than 1 mg/kg |
Arsenic | Not more than 3 mg/kg |
Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg |
(iii) from Blakeslea trispora | |
Synonyms | Natural Yellow 27 |
Definition | Lycopene from Blakeslea trispora is extracted from the fungal biomass and purified by crystallisation and filtration. It consists predominantly of all-trans-lycopene. It also contains minor quantities of other carotenoids. Isopropanol and isobutyl acetate are the only solvents used in the manufacture. Commercial lycopene preparations intended for use in food are formulated as suspensions in edible oils or water-dispersible or water-soluble powder. |
Colour Index No | 75125 |
EINECS | 207-949-1 |
Chemical name | Ψ,Ψ-carotene, all-trans-lycopene, (all-E)-lycopene, (all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene |
Chemical formula | C40H56 |
Molecular weight | 536,85 |
Assay | Not less than 95 % total lycopenes and not less than 90 % all-translycopene of all colouring matters E1 cm 1 % at 465 - 475 nm in hexane (for 100 % pure all-translycopene) is 3 450 |
Description | Red crystalline powder |
Identification | |
Spectrophotometry | A solution in hexane shows an absorption maximum at approximately 470 nm |
Test of carotenoids | The colour of the solution of the sample in acetone disappears after successive additions of a 5 % solution of sodium nitrite and 1N sulphuric acid |
Solubility | Insoluble in water, freely soluble in chloroform |
Properties of 1 % solution in chloroform | Is clear and has intensive red-orange colour |
Purity | |
Loss on drying | Not more than 0,5 % (40 °C, 4 h at 20 mm Hg) |
Other carotenoids | Not more than 5 % |
Solvent residues | Propan-2-ol: Not more than 0,1 % Isobutyl acetate: Not more than 1,0 % Dichloromethane: Not more than 10 mg/kg (in commercial preparations only) |
Sulphated ash | Not more than 0,3 % |
Lead | Not more than 1 mg/kg’ |
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