Directive 2009/57/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (repealed)Show full title

1. IMPACT AND CRUSHING TESTS U.K.

1.1. Impact at the rear U.K.

1.1.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the weight that the weight will strike the roll-over protection structure when the impact face of the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle of 20 ° to the vertical unless the roll-over protection structure at the point of contact has, during deflection, a greater angle to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the weight shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the roll-over protection structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at an angle of 20 ° to the vertical. Steps must be taken to reduce the tendency of the weight to turn about the point of contact. The suspended height of the weight shall be so adjusted that the locus of its centre of gravity passes through the point of contact. U.K.

The point of impact shall be that part of the roll-over protection structure likely to hit the ground first in a rearward overturning accident, normally the upper edge. The position of the centre of gravity of the weight shall be one-sixth of the width of the top of the roll-over protection structure inwards from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the roll-over protection structure.

However, if a curve in the back of the roll-over protection structure starts at a greater distance than that inside this vertical plane, the impact shall be administered at the beginning of the curve, i.e. at the point where this curve is tangential to a line at right angles to the median plane of the tractor (see Annex IV, fig. 9).

If a protruding member would present an inadequate area for the weight, a steel plate of appropriate thickness and depth and about 300 mm in length shall be fastened to that member in such a manner that the strength of the roll-over protection structure is not affected.

1.1.2. Tractors with rigid bodies shall be lashed down. The points of attachment of the lashings shall be approximately 2 m behind the rear axle and 1,5 m in front of the front axle. They shall either be in the plane in which the centre of gravity of the pendulum will swing or more than one lashing shall give a resultant force in this plane, as in Annex IV, fig. 5. U.K.

The lashing shall be tightened so that the deflections in the front and rear tyres are as indicated in point 3.1.5 of Annex II. After the lashings have been tightened a wooden beam 150 mm × 150 mm shall be clamped in front of the rear wheels and driven tight against them.

1.1.3. Articulated tractors shall have both axles lashed down. The axle for that section of the tractor on which the roll-over protection structure is mounted shall be treated as the rear axle in Annex IV, fig. 5. The point of articulation will then be supported by a beam 100 mm × 100 mm minimum and will be lashed down firmly by means of wire ropes attached to the ground rails. U.K.

1.1.4. The weight shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by the formula: U.K.

H = 2,165 × 10^-8 × WL² or H = 5,73 × 10^-2 × I

where:

H

=

the height of fall in millimetres,

W

=

the mass of the tractor as defined in 1.3 of Annex II,

L

=

the maximum tractor wheelbase in millimetres,

I

=

the moment of inertia of the rear axle, with wheels removed, in kilograms per square metre (kg/m²).

The weight shall then be released and allowed to crash against the roll-over protection structure.

1.1.5. There shall be no rear impact in the case of a tractor at least 50 % of the mass of which, as defined in point 1.3 of Annex II, bears on the front axle. U.K.

1.2. Impact at the front U.K.

1.2.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the weight that the weight will strike the roll-over protection structure when the impact face of the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes are at an angle of 20 ° to the vertical unless the roll-over protection structure at the point of contact has, during deflection, a greater angle to the vertical. In this case the impact face of the weight shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the roll-over protection structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining at an angle of 20 ° to the vertical. Steps must be taken to reduce the tendency of the weight to turn about the point of contact. The suspended height of the weight shall be so adjusted that the locus of its centre of gravity passes through the point of contact. U.K.

The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first if the tractor overturned sideways whilst travelling forward, normally the top front corner. The position of the centre of gravity of the weight shall be not more than 80 mm from a vertical plane parallel to the median plane of the tractor touching the outside extremity of the top of the roll-over protection structure.

However, if a curve in the front of the roll-over protection structure starts at a greater distance than 80 mm inside this vertical plane, the impact shall be administered at the beginning of the curve, i.e. at the point where this curve is tangential to a line at right angles to the median plane of the tractor (see Annex IV, fig. 9).

1.2.2. Tractors with rigid bodies shall be lashed down as illustrated in Annex IV, fig. 6. The points of attachment of the lashings shall be approximately 2 m behind the rear axle and 1,5 m in front of the front axle. U.K.

The lashings shall be tightened so that the deflections in the front and rear tyres are as indicated in point 3.1.5 of Annex II. When the lashings have been tightened, a wooden beam 150 mm × 150 mm shall be clamped behind the rear wheels and driven tight against them.

1.2.3. Articulated tractors shall have both axles lashed down. The axle of that section of the tractor on which the roll-over protection structure is mounted shall be treated as the front axle in Annex IV, fig. 6. The point of articulation shall then be supported by a beam 100 mm × 100 mm minimum and shall be lashed down firmly by means of wire ropes attached to the ground rails. U.K.

1.2.4. The weight shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by the formula: U.K.

H = 125 + 0,020 W.

1.3. Impact at the side U.K.

1.3.1. The tractor shall be so placed in relation to the weight that the weight will strike the roll-over protection structure when the impact face of the weight and the supporting chains or wire ropes are vertical unless the protection structure at the point of contact is, during deflection, other than vertical. In this case the impact face of the weight shall be adjusted by means of an additional support so that it is parallel to the protection structure at the point of impact at the moment of maximum deflection, the supporting chains or wire ropes remaining vertical. The suspended height of the weight shall be so adjusted that the locus of its centre of gravity passes through the point of contact. U.K.

The point of impact shall be that part of the protection structure likely to hit the ground first in a sideways overturning accident, normally the upper edge. Unless it is certain that another part of this edge would hit the ground first, the point of impact shall be in the plane at right angles to the median plane of the tractor and passing through the middle of the seat at the mid-point of adjustment. Steps must be taken to reduce the tendency of the weight to turn about the point of contact. In the case of a tractor with a reversible driving position (i.e. with a reversible seat and steering wheel), the point of impact shall be determined in relation to the intersection of the median plane of the tractor and of a plane perpendicular to it, by a straight line passing through a point that is equidistant from the two seat reference points.

1.3.2. For rigid tractors, any axle the position of which is rigid relative to the protection structure shall be lashed down on the side on which the impact is to be administered. In the case of a two-wheel drive tractor this will normally be the rear axle; this arrangement is shown in Annex IV, fig. 7. The two lashings shall pass over the axle from points directly below it, one passing to a point of attachment approximately 1,5 m in front of the axle and the other to a point approximately 1,5 m behind the axle. The lashings shall be tightened so that there is a deflection in the tyre adjacent to the lashing as indicated in point 3.1.5 of Annex II. After lashing, a wooden beam shall be placed as a prop against the wheel opposite the weight and secured to the floor so that it is held tightly against the wheel rim during impact as shown in Annex IV, fig. 7. The length of the beam shall be chosen so that when in position against the wheel it is at an angle of 30 ± 3 ° to the horizontal. Its length shall be 20 to 25 times its thickness and its width two to three times its thickness. Both axles shall be prevented from moving sideways by means of a beam clamped to the floor against the outside of the wheel on the side opposite that on which the impact is to be administered. U.K.

1.3.3. An articulated tractor must be lashed down so that the section of the tractor bearing the protection structure is fixed rigidly to the ground as in the case of a non-articulated tractor. U.K.

Both axles of articulated tractors shall be lashed to the ground. The axle and wheels of that section of the tractor on which the protection structure is mounted shall be lashed and propped as in Annex IV, fig. 7. The point of articulation shall be supported by a beam at least 100 mm × 100 mm and lashed down to the ground rails. A prop will be positioned against the point of articulation and secured to the floor so that it has the same effect as a prop against the rear wheel and provides support similar to that achieved for a rigid tractor.

1.3.4. The weight shall be pulled back so that the height of its centre of gravity above that at the point of impact is given by the formula: U.K.

H = 125 + 0,150 W.

1.4. Crushing at the rear U.K.

The tractor shall be positioned in the rig described in point 2.6 of Annex II and shown in Annex IV, figs 8 and 10 in such a way that the rear edge of the beam is over the rearmost top load-bearing part of the roll-over protection structure and the median longitudinal plane of the tractor is midway between the points of application of force to the beam.

The axle stands shall be placed under the axles in such a way that the tyres do not bear the crushing force. The force applied shall correspond to twice the mass of the tractor as defined in point 1.3 of Annex II. It may be necessary to lash down the front of the tractor.

1.5. Crushing at the front U.K.

1.5.1. This test shall be identical to the crushing test at the rear except that the front edge of the beam shall be over the frontmost top part of the roll-over protection structure. U.K.

1.5.2. Where the front part of the roll-over protection structure roof cannot sustain the full crushing force, the force shall be applied until the roof is deflected to coincide with the plane joining the upper part of the roll-over protection structure with that part of the front of the tractor capable of supporting the tractor’s mass when overturned. The force shall then be removed and the tractor re-positioned so that the beam is over that point of the roll-over protection structure which would then support the rear of the tractor when completely over-turned as shown in Annex IV, fig. 10, and the full force reapplied. U.K.