The Civil Procedure Rules 1998

PART 7 E+W HOW TO START PROCEEDINGS—THE CLAIM FORM

Contents of this Part

Where to start proceedings	Rule 7.1
[F1 Claims against Welsh public bodies to be issued and heard in Wales	Rule 7.1A
Claims against Welsh public bodies to be forwarded for issue in Wales	Rule 7.1B]
How to start proceedings	Rule 7.2
Right to use one claim form to start two or more claims	Rule 7.3
Particulars of claim	Rule 7.4
Service of a claim form	Rule 7.5
Extension of time for serving a claim form	Rule 7.6
Application by defendant for service of a claim form	Rule 7.7
Form for defence etc. must be served with particulars of claim	Rule 7.8
Fixed date and other claims	Rule 7.9
Production Centre for claims	Rule 7.10

Textual Amendments

F1 Words in Pt. 7 Table of Contents inserted (1.10.2020) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2020 (S.I. 2020/747), rules 1(1), 5(1)

Where to start proceedings E+W

7.1  Restrictions on where proceedings may be started are set out in [F2 the relevant practice directions supplementing this Part].

Textual Amendments

F2 Words in rule 7.1 substituted (6.4.2010) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/3390), rules 1(2), 6(a)

Commencement Information

I1 Rule 7.1 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

[F3 Claims against Welsh public bodies to be issued and heard in Wales E+W

7.1A.   Unless required otherwise by any enactment, rule or practice direction, any claim against Welsh public bodies which challenges the lawfulness of their decisions must be issued and heard in Wales.

Textual Amendments

F3 Rules 7.1A, 7.1B inserted (1.10.2020) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2020 (S.I. 2020/747), rules 1(1), 5(2)

Claims against Welsh public bodies to be forwarded for issue in Wales E+W

7.1B.   If a court or centre in England receives a claim which should pursuant to paragraph (1) be issued in Wales a court officer shall forward it for issue in the Administrative Court Office in Wales or other appropriate court office in Wales.]

Textual Amendments

F3 Rules 7.1A, 7.1B inserted (1.10.2020) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2020 (S.I. 2020/747), rules 1(1), 5(2)

How to start proceedings E+W

7.2—(1) Proceedings are started when the court issues a claim form at the request of the claimant.

(2) A claim form is issued on the date entered on the form by the court.

(A person who seeks a remedy from the court before proceedings are started or in relation to proceedings which are taking place, or will take place, in another jurisdiction must make an application under Part 23)

(Part 16 sets out what the claim form must include)

F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F4 Words in rule 7.2 omitted (1.10.2013) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.7) Rules 2013 (S.I. 2013/1974), rules 2, 5

Commencement Information

I2 Rule 7.2 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

[F5 7.2A   [F6 Practice Direction 7A] makes provision for procedures to be followed when claims are brought by or against a partnership within the jurisdiction.]

Textual Amendments

F5 Rule 7.2A inserted (2.10.2006) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2006 (S.I. 2006/1689), rules 1, 4

F6 Words in rule 7.2A substituted (6.4.2010) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/3390), rules 1(2), 6(c)

Right to use one claim form to start two or more claims E+W

7.3  A claimant may use a single claim form to start all claims which can be conveniently disposed of in the same proceedings.

Commencement Information

I3 Rule 7.3 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Particulars of claim E+W

7.4—(1) Particulars of claim must—

(a) be contained in or served with the claim form; or

(b) subject to paragraph (2) be served on the defendant by the claimant within 14 days after service of the claim form.

(2) Particulars of claim must be served on the defendant no later than the latest time for serving a claim form.

(Rule 7.5 sets out the latest time for serving a claim form)

[F7 (3) Where the claimant serves particulars of claim on the defendant, the claimant must, within 7 days of service on the defendant, file a copy of the particulars unless a copy has already been filed.

(4) The claimant need not file a copy of the particulars of claim under paragraph (3) if the claim is being dealt with at the Production Centre (under rule 7.10) or the [F8 Civil National Business Centre] (under Practice Direction 7C) and is not transferred to another court.]

(Part 16 sets out what the particulars of claim must include)

• (Part 22 requires particulars of claim to be verified by a statement of truth)

• F9 ...

Textual Amendments

F7 Rule 7.4(3)(4) substituted for rule 7.4(3) (1.10.2022) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2022 (S.I. 2022/783), rules 1(1), 8(1)

F8 Words in rule 7.4(4) substituted (14.8.2023) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 3) Rules 2023 (S.I. 2023/788), rules 1(2), 4

F9 Words in rule 7.4 omitted (1.10.2008) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2008 (S.I. 2008/2178), rules 1(2), 6(c)

Commencement Information

I4 Rule 7.4 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

[F10 Service of a claim form E+W

7.5— (1) Where the claim form is served within the jurisdiction, the claimant must complete the step required by the following table in relation to the particular method of service chosen, before 12.00 midnight on the calendar day four months after the date of issue of the claim form.

Method of service	Step required
First class post, document exchange or other service which provides for delivery on the next business day	Posting, leaving with, delivering to or collection by the relevant service provider
Delivery of the document to or leaving it at the relevant place	Delivering to or leaving the document at the relevant place
Personal service under rule 6.5	Completing the relevant step required by rule 6.5(3)
F11 . . .	F11 . . .
[F12 Electronic] method	Sending the e-mail or other electronic transmission

(2) Where the claim form is to be served out of the jurisdiction, the claim form must be served in accordance with Section IV of Part 6 within 6 months of the date of issue.]

Textual Amendments

F10 Rule 7.5 substituted (1.10.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2008 (S.I. 2008/2178), rules 1(2), 6(d)

F11 Words in rule 7.5(1) Table omitted (1.10.2022) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2022 (S.I. 2022/783), rules 1(1), 8(2)(a)

F12 Word in rule 7.5(1) Table substituted (1.10.2022) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2022 (S.I. 2022/783), rules 1(1), 8(2)(b)

[F13 Extension of time for serving a claim form E+W

7.6— (1) The claimant may apply for an order extending the period for compliance with rule 7.5.

(2) The general rule is that an application to extend the time for compliance with rule 7.5 must be made—

(a) within the period specified by rule 7.5; or

(b) where an order has been made under this rule, within the period for service specified by that order.

(3) If the claimant applies for an order to extend the time for compliance after the end of the period specified by rule 7.5 or by an order made under this rule, the court may make such an order only if—

(a) the court has failed to serve the claim form; or

(b) the claimant has taken all reasonable steps to comply with rule 7.5 but has been unable to do so; and

(c) in either case, the claimant has acted promptly in making the application.

(4) An application for an order extending the time for compliance with rule 7.5—

(a) must be supported by evidence; and

(b) may be made without notice.]

Textual Amendments

F13 Rule 7.6 substituted (1.10.2008) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment) Rules 2008 (S.I. 2008/2178), rules 1(2), 6(d)

Application by defendant for service of claim form E+W

7.7—(1) Where a claim form has been issued against a defendant, but has not yet been served on him, the defendant may serve a notice on the claimant requiring him to serve the claim form or discontinue the claim within a period specified in the notice.

(2) The period specified in a notice served under paragraph (1) must be at least 14 days after service of the notice.

(3) If the claimant fails to comply with the notice, the court may, on the application of the defendant—

(a) dismiss the claim; or

(b) make any other order it thinks just.

Commencement Information

I5 Rule 7.7 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Form for defence etc. must be served with particulars of claim E+W

7.8—(1) When particulars of claim are served on a defendant, whether they are contained in the claim form, served with it or served subsequently, they must be accompanied by—

(a) a form for defending the claim;

(b) a form for admitting the claim; and

(c) a form for acknowledging service.

(2) Where the claimant is using the procedure set out in Part 8 (alternative procedure for claims)—

(a) paragraph (1) does not apply; and

(b) a form for acknowledging service must accompany the claim form.

Commencement Information

I6 Rule 7.8 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Fixed date and other claims E+W

7.9  A practice direction—

(a) may set out the circumstances in which the court may give a fixed date for a hearing when it issues a claim;

(b) may list claims in respect of which there is a specific claim form for use and set out the claim form in question; and

(c) may disapply or modify these Rules as appropriate in relation to the claims referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b).

Commencement Information

I7 Rule 7.9 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

Production Centre for claims E+W

7.10—(1) There shall be a Production Centre for the issue of claim forms and other related matters.

(2) [F14 Practice Direction [F15 7B]] makes provision for—

(a) which claimants may use the Production Centre;

(b) the type of claims which the Production Centre may issue;

(c) the functions which are to be discharged by the Production Centre;

(d) the place where the Production Centre is to be located; and

(e) other related matters.

(3) [F16 Practice Direction [F17 7B]] may disapply or modify these Rules as appropriate in relation to claims issued by the Production Centre.

Textual Amendments

F14 Words in rule 7.10(2) substituted (6.4.2010) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/3390), rules 1(2), 6(e)

F15 Word in rule 7.10(2) substituted (1.10.2022) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2022 (S.I. 2022/783), rules 1(1), 8(3)

F16 Words in rule 7.10(3) substituted (6.4.2010) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No.2) Rules 2009 (S.I. 2009/3390), rules 1(2), 6(e)

F17 Word in rule 7.10(3) substituted (1.10.2022) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2022 (S.I. 2022/783), rules 1(1), 8(3)

Commencement Information

I8 Rule 7.10 in force at 26.4.1999, see Signature

[F18 Human Rights E+W

7.11— (1) A claim under section 7(1)(a) of the Human Rights Act 1998 in respect of a judicial act may be brought only in the High Court.

(2) Any other claim under section 7(1)(a) of that Act may be brought in any court.]

Textual Amendments

F18 Rule 7.11 inserted (2.10.2000) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 4) Rules 2000 (S.I. 2000/2092), rules 1, 6

[F19 Electronic issue of claims E+W

7.12.— (1) A practice direction may [F20 permit or require] a claimant to start a claim by requesting the issue of a claim form electronically.

(2) The practice direction may, in particular—

(a) specify—

(i) the types of claim which may be issued electronically; and

(ii) the conditions which a claim must meet before it may be issued electronically;

(b) specify—

(i) the court where the claim will be issued; and

(ii) the circumstances in which the claim will be transferred to another court;

(c) provide for the filing of other documents electronically where a claim has been started electronically;

(d) specify the requirements that must be fulfilled for any document filed electronically; and

(e) provide how a fee payable on the filing of any document is to be paid where that document is filed electronically.

(3) The practice direction may disapply or modify these Rules as appropriate in relation to claims started electronically.]

F21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Textual Amendments

F19 Rule 7.12 inserted (1.2.2004) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 5) Rules 2003 (S.I. 2003/3361), rules 1(a), 3

F20 Words in rule 7.12(1) substituted (1.10.2022) by The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2022 (S.I. 2022/783), rules 1(1), 8(4)(a)

F21 Words in rule 7.12 omitted (1.10.2022) by virtue of The Civil Procedure (Amendment No. 2) Rules 2022 (S.I. 2022/783), rules 1(1), 8(4)(b)