2002 No. 3138

INCOME TAX

The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income)(South Africa) Order 2002
Made
17th December 2002
At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 17th day of December 2002 Present, The Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty in Council
Whereas a draft of this Order was laid before the House of Commons in accordance with the provisions of section 788(10) of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 , and an Address has been presented to Her Majesty by that House praying that an Order may be made in the terms of that draft:
Now, therefore, Her Majesty, in exercise of the powers conferred upon Her by section 788 of the said Act, and of all other powers enabling Her in that behalf, is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:
1
This Order may be cited as the Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (South Africa) Order 2002.
2
It is hereby declared—
a
that the arrangements specified in the Convention set out in Part I of the Schedule to this Order and in the Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement set out in Part II of that Schedule have been made with the Government of the Republic of South Africa with a view to affording relief from double taxation in relation to income tax, corporation tax or capital gains tax and taxes of a similar character imposed by the laws of the Republic of South Africa;
b
that those arrangements include provisions with respect to the exchange of information necessary for carrying out the domestic laws of the United Kingdom and the laws of the Republic of South Africa concerning taxes covered by the arrangements including, in particular, provisions about the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to those taxes; and
c
that it is expedient that those arrangements should have effect.
A. K. Galloway
Clerk of the Privy Council
SCHEDULE
PART I

CONVENTION BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME AND ON CAPITAL GAINS

Preamble
The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of South Africa desiring to promote and strengthen the economic relations between the two countries by the conclusion of a new Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital gains,
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1

Persons Covered
This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2

Taxes Covered
1
This Convention shall apply to taxes on income and on capital gains imposed on behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.
2
There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital gains all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property.
3
The existing taxes to which this Convention shall apply are in particular:
a
in the case of South Africa:
i
the normal tax;
ii
the secondary tax on companies; and
iii
the withholding tax on royalties;
(hereinafter referred to as “South African tax”);
b
in the case of the United Kingdom:
i
the income tax;
ii
the corporation tax; and
iii
the capital gains tax;
(hereinafter referred to as “United Kingdom tax”).
4
This Convention shall also apply to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed by either Contracting State after the date of signature of this Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes that have been made in their respective taxation laws.
Article 3

General Definitions
1
For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
a
the term “South Africa” means the Republic of South Africa and, when used in a geographical sense, includes the territorial sea thereof as well as any area outside the territorial sea, including the continental shelf, which has been or may hereafter be designated, under the laws of South Africa and in accordance with international law, as an area within which South Africa may exercise sovereign rights or jurisdiction;
b
the term “United Kingdom” means Great Britain and Northern Ireland, including any area outside the territorial sea of the United Kingdom which in accordance with international law has been or may hereafter be designated, under the laws of the United Kingdom concerning the Continental Shelf, as an area within which the rights of the United Kingdom with respect to the sea bed and sub-soil and their natural resources may be exercised;
c
the terms “a Contracting State” and “the other Contracting State” mean South Africa or the United Kingdom, as the context requires;
d
the term “business” includes the performance of professional services and of other activities of an independent character;
e
the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
f
the term “competent authority” means:
i
in the case of South Africa, the Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service or an authorised representative; and
ii
in the case of the United Kingdom, the Commissioners of Inland Revenue or their authorised representative;
g
the term “enterprise” applies to the carrying on of any business;
h
the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other Contracting State” mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
i
the term “international traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
j
the term “national” means:
i
in relation to South Africa, any individual possessing South African nationality and any legal person or association deriving its status as such from the law in force in South Africa; and
ii
in relation to the United Kingdom, any British citizen, or any British subject not possessing the citizenship of any other Commonwealth country or territory, provided such citizen or subject has the right of abode in the United Kingdom; and any legal person, partnership, association or other entity deriving its status as such from the law in force in the United Kingdom;
k
the term “person” includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons and does not include a partnership.
2
As regards the application of the provisions of this Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which this Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.
Article 4

Residence
1
For the purposes of this Convention, the term “resident of a Contracting State” means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of that person’s domicile, residence, place of management, place of incorporation or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political subdivision or local authority thereof.
2
Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then that individual’s status shall be determined in accordance with the following rules:
a
the individual shall be deemed to be a resident solely of the Contracting State in which a permanent home is available to the individual; if a permanent home is available to the individual in both States, the individual shall be deemed to be a resident solely of the State with which the individual’s personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
b
if sole residence cannot be determined under the provisions of sub-paragraph (a), the individual shall be deemed to be a resident solely of the State in which the individual has an habitual abode;
c
if the individual has an habitual abode in both Contracting States or in neither of them, the individual shall be deemed to be a resident solely of the State of which the individual is a national;
d
if the individual is a national of both Contracting States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3
Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a resident solely of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.
Article 5

Permanent Establishment
1
For the purposes of this Convention, the term “permanent establishment” means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2
The term “permanent establishment” includes especially:
a
a place of management;
b
a branch;
c
an office;
d
a factory;
e
a workshop;
f
a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of natural resources;
g
an installation or structure for the exploration for natural resources.
3
The term “permanent establishment” likewise encompasses:
a
a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or any supervisory activity in connection with such site or project, but only where such site, project or activity continues for a period of more than twelve months;
b
the performance of professional services or other activities of an independent character by an individual, but only where those services or activities continue within a Contracting State for a period or periods exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve-month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned.
4
Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include:
a
the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
b
the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
c
the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
d
the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise, or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
e
the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character; and
f
the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in sub-paragraphs (a) to (e) of this paragraph, provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
5
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article, where a person—other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph (6) of this Article applies—is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts on behalf of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph (4) of this Article which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
6
An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business.
7
The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
Article 6

Income from Immovable Property
1
Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2
The term “immovable property” shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources. Ships and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3
The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting or use in any other form of immovable property.
4
The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (3) of this Article shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise.
Article 7

Business Profits
1
The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.
2
Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Article, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3
In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the Contracting State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
4
No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
5
For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
6
Where profits include items of income or capital gains which are dealt with separately in other Articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this Article.
Article 8

Shipping and Air Transport
1
Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State.
2
For the purposes of this Article, profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic include:
a
profits from the rental on a bareboat basis of ships or aircraft; and
b
profits from the use or rental of containers (including trailers and related equipment for the transport of containers) used for the transport of goods or merchandise;
where such rental or such use or rental, as the case may be, is incidental to the operation of such ships or aircraft in international traffic.
3
The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency, but only to so much of the profits so derived as is attributable to the participant in proportion to its share in the joint operation.
Article 9

Associated Enterprises
1
Where:
a
an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or
b
the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State;
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2
Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State—and taxes accordingly—profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.
Article 10

Dividends
1
Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2
However, such dividends:
a
shall be exempt from tax in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State and controls, directly or indirectly, at least 10 per cent. of the voting power in the company paying the dividends;
b
except as provided in sub-pararaph (a) of this paragraph, may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed 15 per cent. of the gross amount of the dividends.
3
The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from shares, or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the Contracting State of which the company making the distribution is a resident and also includes any other item which, under the laws of the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividend is a resident, is treated as a dividend or distribution of a company.
4
The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case, the provisions of Article 7 of this Convention shall apply.
5
Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment situated in that other State, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax on undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
6
The provisions of this Article shall not apply if it was the main purpose or one of the main purposes of any person concerned with the creation or assignment of the shares or other rights in respect of which the dividend is paid to take advantage of this Article by means of that creation or assignment.
Article 11

Interest
1
Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State, if such resident is the beneficial owner of the interest.
2
The term “interest” as used in this Article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor’s profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures. The term “interest” shall not include any item which is treated as a dividend under the provisions of Article 10 of this Convention.
3
The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case, the provisions of Article 7 of this Convention shall apply.
4
Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest paid exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
5
The provisions of this Article shall not apply if it was the main purpose or one of the main purposes of any person concerned with the creation or assignment of the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid to take advantage of this Article by means of that creation or assignment.
Article 12

Royalties
1
Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State, if such resident is the beneficial owner of the royalties.
2
The term “royalties” as used in this Article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic or scientific work (including cinematograph films, and films, tapes or discs for radio or television broadcasting), any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for information (know-how) concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience.
3
The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case, the provisions of Article 7 of this Convention shall apply.
4
Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties paid exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
5
The provisions of this Article shall not apply if it was the main purpose or one of the main purposes of any person concerned with the creation or assignment of the rights in respect of which the royalties are paid to take advantage of this Article by means of that creation or assignment.
Article 13

Capital Gains
1
Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in Article 6 of this Convention and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2
Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of:
a
shares, other than shares quoted on an approved Stock Exchange, deriving their value or the greater part of their value directly or indirectly from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State, or
b
an interest in a partnership or trust the assets of which consist principally of immovable property situated in the other Contracting State, or of shares referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph,
may be taxed in that other State.
3
Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise), may be taxed in that other State.
4
Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of that Contracting State or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft, shall be taxable only in that Contracting State.
5
Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in paragraphs (1), (2), (3) and (4) of this Article shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
6
The provisions of pararaph (5) of this Article shall not affect the right of a Contracting State to levy according to its law a tax on capital gains from the alienation of any property derived by an individual who is a resident of the other Contracting State and has been a resident of the first-mentioned Contracting State at any time during the six years immediately preceding the alienation of the property if the property was held by that individual, or by the spouse of that individual, before that individual became a resident of that other State.
Article 14

Income from Employment
1
Subject to the provisions of Articles 15, 17 and 18 of this Convention, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.
2
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
a
the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned, and
b
the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State, and
c
the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which the employer has in the other State.
3
Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic may be taxed in the Contracting State of which the enterprise operating the ship or aircraft is a resident.
Article 15

Directors' Fees
Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in that person’s capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 16

Entertainers and Sportspersons
1
Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7 and 14 of this Convention, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsperson, from that person’s personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State.
2
Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsperson in that person’s capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsperson but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 7 and 14 of this Convention, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsperson are exercised.
3
The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article shall not apply to income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from activities exercised in the other Contracting State as envisaged in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this Article, if the visit to that other State is supported wholly or mainly by public funds of the first-mentioned Contracting State, a political subdivision or a local authority thereof, or takes place under a cultural agreement or arrangement between the Governments of the Contracting States. In such a case, the income shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned Contracting State.
Article 17

Pensions and Annuities
1
Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 18 of this Convention:
a
pensions and other similar remuneration paid in consideration of past employment, and
b
any annuity paid,
to an individual who is a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.
2
The term “annuity” means a stated sum payable to an individual periodically at stated times during life or during a specified or ascertainable period of time under an obligation to make the payments in return for adequate and full consideration in money or money’s worth.
3
a
Contributions borne by an individual who is in employment in a Contracting State to a pension scheme established in and recognised for tax purposes in the other Contracting State shall be deducted, in the first-mentioned State, in determining the individual’s taxable income, and treated in that State, in the same way and subject to the same conditions and limitations as contributions made to a pension scheme that is recognised for tax purposes in that first-mentioned State, provided that:
i
the individual was not a resident of that State, and was contributing to the pension scheme, or to another pension scheme for which it has been substituted, immediately before that individual began to exercise employment in that State; and
ii
the pension scheme is accepted by the competent authority of that State as generally corresponding to a pension scheme recognised as such for tax purposes by that State.
b
Contributions to a pension scheme referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph by the enterprise paying the remuneration of that individual shall not be treated as the taxable income of that individual and shall be allowed as a deduction in computing the profits of the enterprise.
c
For the purposes of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph:
i
the term “a pension scheme” means an arrangement in which the individual participates in order to secure retirement benefits payable in respect of the employment referred to in sub-paragraph (a); and
ii
a pension scheme is recognised for tax purposes in a State if the contributions to the scheme would qualify for tax relief in that State.
Article 18

Government Service
1
a
Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
b
Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:
i
is a national of that State; or
ii
did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2
a
Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State.
b
Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.
3
The provisions of Articles 14, 15, 16 and 17 of this Convention shall apply to salaries, wages and other similar remuneration, and to pensions, in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof.
Article 19

Students and Apprentices
A student or apprentice who is present in a Contracting State solely for the purpose of that student or apprentice’s education or training and who is, or immediately before being so present was, a resident of the other Contracting State, shall be exempt from tax in the first-mentioned State on payments received from outside that first-mentioned State for the purposes of that student or apprentice’s maintenance, education or training.
Article 20

Other Income
1
Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
2
The provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph (2) of Article 6 of this Convention, if the recipient of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment. In such case, the provisions of Article 7 of this Convention shall apply.
3
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2), items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention and arising in the other Contracting State may also be taxed in that other State.
Article 21

Elimination of Double Taxation
1
Subject to the provisions of the law of South Africa regarding the deduction from tax payable in South Africa of tax payable in any country other than South Africa, United Kingdom tax paid by residents of South Africa in respect of income taxable in the United Kingdom, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, shall be deducted from the taxes due according to South African fiscal law. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed an amount which bears to the total South African tax payable the same ratio as the income concerned bears to the total income.
2
Subject to the provisions of the law of the United Kingdom regarding the allowance as a credit against United Kingdom tax of tax payable in a territory outside the United Kingdom (which shall not affect the general principle hereof):
a
South African tax payable under the laws of South Africa and in accordance with this Convention, whether directly or by deduction, on profits, income or chargeable gains from sources within South Africa (excluding in the case of a dividend, tax payable in respect of the profits out of which the dividend is paid) shall be allowed as a credit against any United Kingdom tax computed by reference to the same profits, income or chargeable gains by reference to which the South African tax is computed;
b
in the case of a dividend paid by a company which is a resident of South Africa to a company which is a resident of the United Kingdom and which controls directly or indirectly at least 10 per cent. of the voting power in the company paying the dividend, the credit shall take into account (in addition to any South African tax for which credit may be allowed under the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph) the South African tax payable by the company in respect of the profits out of which such dividend is paid.
3
For the purposes of paragraph (2) of this Article, profits, income and capital gains owned by a resident of the United Kingdom which may be taxed in South Africa in accordance with this Convention shall be deemed to arise from sources in South Africa.
Article 22

Limitation of Relief
Where under any provision of this Convention any income or gains are relieved from tax in a Contracting State and, under the law in force in the other Contracting State a person, in respect of that income or those gains, is subject to tax by reference to the amount thereof which is remitted to or received in that other Contracting State and not by reference to the full amount thereof, then the relief to be allowed under this Convention in the first-mentioned Contracting State shall apply only to so much of the income or gains as is taxed in the other Contracting State.
Article 23

Non-discrimination
1
Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected.
2
The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities.
3
Except where the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 9, paragraph (4) or (5) of Article 11, or paragraph (4) or (5) of Article 12 of this Convention apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
4
Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
5
Nothing in this Article shall be construed as obliging either Contracting State to grant to individuals not resident in that State any of the personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for tax purposes which are granted to individuals so resident.
6
Nothing in this Article shall prevent South Africa from imposing on the profits attributable to a permanent establishment in South Africa of a company, which is a resident of the United Kingdom, a tax at a rate which does not exceed the rate of normal tax on companies by more than five percentage points.
7
The provisions of this Article shall apply to the taxes which are the subject of this Convention.
Article 24

Mutual Agreement Procedure
1
Where a resident of a Contracting State considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for that person in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, that person may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present a case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which the person is a resident or, if the case comes under paragraph (1) of Article 23 of this Convention, to that of the Contracting State of which the person is a national.
2
The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with this Convention.
3
The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of this Convention. They may also consult together for the elimination of double taxation in cases not provided for in this Convention.
4
The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.
Article 25

Exchange of Information
1
The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or of the domestic laws of the Contracting States concerning taxes covered by this Convention insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to this Convention, in particular, to prevent fraud and to facilitate the administration of statutory provisions against legal avoidance. The exchange of information is not restricted by Article 1 of this Convention. Any information received by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, or the determination of appeals in relation to, the taxes covered by this Convention. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
2
In no case shall the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
a
to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
b
to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
c
to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy.
Article 26

Members of Diplomatic or Permanent Missions and Consular Posts
1
Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic or permanent missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
2
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 4 of this Convention, an individual who is a member of a diplomatic or permanent mission or consular post of a Contracting State or of any third State which is situated in the other Contracting State or who is an official of an international organisation, and any member of the family of such an individual, shall not be deemed to be a resident of the other State for the purposes of this Convention if the individual is subject to tax on income or capital gains in that other State only if the individual derives income or capital gains from sources therein.
Article 27

Entry into Force
1
Each of the Contracting States shall notify to the other, through the diplomatic channel, the completion of the procedures required by its law for the bringing into force of this Convention. This Convention shall enter into force on the date of receipt of the later of these notifications and shall thereupon have effect:
a
in South Africa:
i
with regards to taxes withheld at source, in respect of amounts paid or credited on or after 1st January next following the date upon which this Convention enters into force; and
ii
with regard to other taxes, in respect of taxable years beginning on or after 1st January next following the date upon which this Convention enters into force;
b
in the United Kingdom:
i
in respect of income tax and capital gains tax, for any year of assessment beginning on or after 6th April in the calendar year next following that in which this Convention enters into force;
ii
in respect of corporation tax, for any financial year beginning on or after 1st April in the calendar year next following that in which this Convention enters into force.
2
The Convention between the Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland signed at London on 21st November, 1968, shall be terminated and shall cease to have effect in respect of the taxes to which this Convention applies in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (1) of this Article.
Article 28

Termination
This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by one of the Contracting States. Either Contracting State may terminate this Convention, through the diplomatic channel, by giving notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year beginning after the expiry of five years from the date of entry into force of this Convention. In such event, this Convention shall cease to have effect:
a
in South Africa:
i
with regard to taxes withheld at source, in respect of amounts paid or credited after the end of the calendar year in which such notice is given; and
ii
with regard to other taxes, in respect of taxable years beginning after the end of the calendar year in which such notice is given;
b
in the United Kingdom:
i
in respect of income tax and capital gains tax, for any year of assessment beginning on or after 6th April in the calendar year next following that in which the notice is given;
ii
in respect of corporation tax, for any financial year beginning on or after 1st April in the calendar year next following that in which the notice is given.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorised thereto by their respective Governments, have signed this Convention.
Done in duplicate at London this fourth day of July 2002.
PART II

EXCHANGE OF NOTES
London
4th July 2002
Excellency
I have the honour to refer to the Convention between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of South Africa for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital Gains which has been signed today and to make on behalf of the Government of the United Kingdom the following proposal:

Article 2 (Taxes Covered) paragraph (3).
It is understood that the secondary tax on companies is a tax payable in respect of the profits of South African companies and the allowance as a credit for this tax against United Kingdom tax is to be determined in accordance with the terms of sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph (2) of Article 21 of the Convention.
If the foregoing proposal is acceptable to the Government of the Republic of South Africa, I have the honour to suggest that the present Note and Your Excellency’s reply to that effect should be regarded as constituting an agreement between the two Governments in this matter, which shall enter into force at the same time as the entry into force of the Convention.
I avail myself of this opportunity to extend to Your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration.
Rt Hon Gordon Brown MP
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Excellency
I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of Your Excellency’s Note dated 4th July 2002 which reads as follows:
I have the honour to refer to the Convention between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of South Africa for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital Gains which has been signed today and to make on behalf of the Government of the United Kingdom the following proposal:

Article 2 (Taxes Covered) paragraph (3).
It is understood that the secondary tax on companies is a tax payable in respect of the profits of South African companies and the allowance as a credit for this tax against United Kingdom tax is to be determined in accordance with the terms of sub-paragraph (b) of paragraph (2) of Article 21 of the Convention.
If the foregoing proposal is acceptable to the Government of the Republic of South Africa, I have the honour to suggest that the present Note and Your Excellency’s reply to that effect should be regarded as constituting an agreement between the two Governments in this matter, which shall enter into force at the same time as the entry into force of the Convention.
The foregoing proposal being acceptable to the Government of the Republic of South Africa, I have the honour to confirm that Your Excellency’s Note and this reply shall be regarded as constituting an agreement between the two Governments in this matter which shall enter into force at the same time as the entry into force of the Convention.
I take this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration.
T A Manuel
Minister of Financeof the Republic of South Africa
For the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:
Gordon Brown
For the Government of the Republic of South Africa:
Trevor Manuel
(This note is not part of the Order)
The Convention with South Africa (which replaces the Convention set out in the Schedule to the Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (South Africa) Order 1969 No. 864) is set out in Part I of the Schedule to this Order.
The Convention provides for business profits not arising through a permanent establishment to be taxed only in the country of the taxpayer’s residence. Profits attributable to a permanent establishment may be taxed in the country in which the permanent establishment is situated (Articles 5 and 7).
Income from immovable property and gains derived from the alienation of such property may be taxed in the country in which the property is situated (Articles 6 and 13).
International shipping and air transport profits are generally to be taxed only in the country of residence of the operator (Article 8).
The Convention includes rules for determining taxable profits when a company in one country is related to a company in the other (Article 9).
Dividends paid by a company that is a resident of one country are taxable only in the other country if the beneficial owner is a company that is a resident of the other country and controls, directly or indirectly, at least 10 per cent. of the voting power in the company paying the dividends. In all other cases dividends may also be taxed in the country in which they arise according to the laws of that country, but if the beneficial owner is a resident of the other country the tax charged is not to exceed 15 per cent. of the gross amount of the dividends (Article 10).
Interest arising in one country and paid to a resident of the other country is taxable only in the other country, provided that resident is the beneficial owner of the interest (Article 11).
Royalties arising in one country and paid to a resident of the other country are taxable only in the other country, provided that resident is the beneficial owner of the royalties (Article 12).
Capital gains arising from the disposal of movable property are normally to be taxed only in the country of the taxpayer’s residence. Gains arising from the disposal of assets of a permanent establishment which the taxpayer has in the other country may be taxed in that other country (Article 13).
The earnings of temporary business visitors and some other individuals are, subject to certain conditions, to be taxed only in the country of the taxpayer’s residence (Article 14).
Fees received by a resident of one country in his capacity as a director of a company resident in the other country may be taxed in the latter country (Article 15).
Income derived from the activities of entertainers and sportspersons may, with certain exemptions, be taxed in the country in which those activities are exercised (Article 16).
Occupational pensions (other than those paid in respect of Government service) and annuities are to be taxed only in the country of residence of the recipient (Article 17).
Subject to certain conditions, tax relief is to be allowed in the visited country for contributions made by and in respect of expatriate employees to an occupational pension scheme in the other country (Article 17).
Government service remuneration and pensions are normally taxable only by the paying Government (Article 18).
Certain payments made to visiting students and apprentices for their maintenance, education and training are exempt from tax in the country visited (Article 19).
Other income not specified in the Convention will be taxed by the country of the taxpayer’s residence, and may if derived from sources in the other country also be taxed there (Article 20).
Where income continues to be taxable in both countries, credit will be given by the country of the taxpayer’s residence in respect of tax imposed by the other country (Article 21).
There are provisions safeguarding nationals and enterprises of one country against discriminatory taxation in the other country (Article 23). Provision is made for consultation and exchange of information between the taxation authorities of the two countries (Articles 24 and 25).
The Exchange of Notes set out in Part II of the Schedule clarifies the intended interpretation of particular aspects of the Convention.
The Convention will enter into force on the date of the later of the notifications by each country of the completion of its legislative procedures. The Convention is to take effect in the United Kingdom from 1st April in respect of corporation tax and from 6th April for income tax and capital gains tax in the calendar year next following that in which it enters into force. The date of entry into force will in due course be published in the London, Edinburgh and Belfast Gazettes.
1988 c. 1; section 788 is extended by section 277 of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992 (c. 12).