The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Recognition Requirements for Investment Exchanges , Clearing Houses and Central Securities Depositories ) Regulations 2001

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InterpretationU.K.

3.—(1) In these Regulations—

“the Act” means the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;

[F1“algorithmic trading” means trading in financial instruments where a computer algorithm automatically determines individual parameters of orders such as whether to initiate the order, the timing, price or quantity of the order or how to manage the order after its submission, with limited or no human intervention, and does not include any system that is only used for the purpose of routing orders to one or more trading venues or for the processing of orders involving no determination of any trading parameters or for the confirmation of orders or the post-trade processing of executed transactions;]

[F2“the appropriate regulator” has the meaning given in section 285A of the Act;]

F3...

F4...

[F5“certificates” has the meaning given in Article 2.1.27 of the markets in financial instruments regulation;]

F6...

[F5“commodity derivatives” has the meaning given in [F7Article 2(1)(30) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

“the Companies Act” means the Companies Act 1989(1);

F8...

[F9“default fund” means the sum of the default fund contributions by the members or designated non-members of a recognised investment exchange to that exchange or by one recognised investment exchange to another or by the members of a recognised clearing house to that clearing house or by one recognised clearing house to another to the extent those contributions have not been returned or otherwise applied;

“default fund contribution” has the same meaning as in section 188(3A) of the Companies Act;]

“defaulter” and “default” are to be construed in accordance with [F10sections 188(2) and (2A)] of the Companies Act, and references to action taken under the default rules of an exchange or clearing house are to be construed in accordance with section 188(4) of that Act;

[F5“depositary receipts” has the meaning given in [F11Article 2(1)(25) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

[F12“derivative” has the meaning given in Article 2(1)(29) of the markets in financial instruments regulation;]

[F13“direct electronic access” means an arrangement where a member or participant or client of a trading venue permits a person to use its trading code so the person can electronically transmit orders relating to a financial instrument directly to the trading venue and includes arrangements which involve the use by a person of the infrastructure of the member or participant or client, or any connecting system provided by the member or participant or client, to transmit the orders (direct market access) and arrangements where such an infrastructure is not used by a person (sponsored access);]

[F14“disorderly trading conditions” has the same meaning as in the markets in financial instruments directive;]

[F15“emission allowances” has the meaning given in paragraph 11 of Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001;]

[F5“exchange-traded fund” has the meaning given in [F16Article 2(1)(26) of the markets in financial instruments regulations];]

“exempt activities”, in relation to a recognised body, means the regulated activities in respect of which the body is exempt from the general prohibition as a result of [F17any of subsections (2) to (3A) [F18or (3D)] of section 285] of the Act;

“facilities”, in relation to a recognised body, means the facilities and services it provides in the course of carrying on exempt activities, and references to the use of the facilities of an exchange is to be construed in accordance with paragraph (2);

[F2“the FCA” means the Financial Conduct Authority;]

“financial crime” is to be construed in accordance with section 6(3) and (4) of the Act;

[F14“financial instrument” has the meaning given in [F19Article 2(1)(9) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

“the Financial Services Act” means the Financial Services Act 1986(2);

[F20“group” means a parent undertaking and all its subsidiary undertakings, and for those purposes, “parent undertaking” and “subsidiary undertaking” have the same meaning as in section 420 of the Act;]

[F21“high-frequency algorithmic trading technique” means an algorithmic trading technique characterised by—

(a)

infrastructure intended to minimise network and other types of latencies, including at least one of the following facilities for algorithmic order entry—

(i)

co-location;

(ii)

proximity hosting; or

(iii)

high-speed direct electronic access;

(b)

system-determination of order initiation, generation, routing or execution without human intervention for individual trades or orders; and

(c)

high message intraday rates [F22(see regulation 3A)] which constitute orders, quotes or cancellations;]

“investments” means investments of a kind specified for the purposes of section 22 of the Act;

[F23“liquid market” means a market for a financial instrument or a class of financial instruments, where there are ready and willing buyers and sellers on a continuous basis, assessed in accordance with the following criteria, taking into consideration the specific market structures of the particular financial instrument or of the particular class of financial instrument—

(a)

the average frequency and size of transactions over a range of market conditions, having regard to the nature and cycle of products within the class of financial instrument;

(b)

the number and type of market participants, including the ratio of market participants to traded instruments in a particular product;

(c)

the average size of spreads, where available;]

[F5“management body” in relation to an exchange means—

(a)

the board of directors, or if there is no such board, the equivalent body responsible for the management of the exchange; and

(b)

any other person who effectively directs the business of the exchange;]

“market contract” has the meaning given in section 286(4) of the Act (with reference, in the case of a recognised investment exchange, to section 155(2) of the Companies Act or article 80(2) of the Northern Ireland Order, or in the case of a recognised clearing house, to section 155(3) of the Companies Act or article 80(3) of the Northern Ireland Order) and references to a party to a market contract are to be construed in accordance with section 187 of the Companies Act;

[F24“market operator” has the meaning given in Article 2(1)(10) of the markets in financial instruments regulation;]

[F25“matched principal trading” means a transaction where the facilitator interposes itself between the buyer and the seller to the transaction in such a way that it is never exposed to market risk throughout the execution of the transaction, with both sides executed simultaneously, and where the transaction is concluded at a price where the facilitator makes no profit or loss, other than a previously disclosed commission, fee or charge for the transaction;]

[F5“multilateral system” has the meaning given as in [F26Article 2(1)(11) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

[F27“multilateral trading facility” means a UK multilateral trading facility within the meaning given in Article 2(1)(14A) of the markets in financial instruments regulation;]

“the Northern Ireland Order” means the Companies (No. 2) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990(3); and

[F28“organised trading facility” means a UK organised trading facility within the meaning given in Article 2(1)(15A) of the markets in financial instruments regulation;]

[F28“qualifying credit institution” has the meaning given in section 417 of the Act, and for the purposes of that definition, “Part 4A permission” and “the regulated activity of accepting deposits” have the same meaning as in the Act;]

[F29“regulated market” means a UK regulated market within the meaning of Article 2(1)(13A) of the markets in financial instruments regulation;]

“regulatory functions”, in relation to a recognised body, has the meaning given in section 291(3) of the Act.

[F30“senior management” means natural persons who exercise executive functions within an investment firm, a market operator or a data reporting services provider and who are responsible, and accountable to the management body, for the day-to-day management of the entity, including for the implementation of the policies concerning the distribution of services and products to clients by the firm and its personnel;]

[F31“settlement” has the same meaning as in the markets in financial instruments directive;]

[F32“SME growth market” means a multilateral trading facility that is registered as an SME growth market in accordance with Part 5.10 of the Market Conduct sourcebook;]

[F5“sovereign debt” has the meaning given by [F33Article 2(1)(46) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

[F5“structured finance products” has the meaning given in [F34Article 2(1)(28) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

[F5“systematic internaliser” has the meaning given in [F35Article 2(1)(12) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

[F5“third country firm” has the meaning given in [F36Article 2(1)(42) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

[F14“transferable securities” has the meaning given in [F37Article 2(1)(24) of the markets in financial instruments regulation];]

F38...

[F39(1A) In Part 1 of the Schedule, in paragraph 21A in Part 3 of the Schedule and in paragraph 31 in Part 5 of the Schedule, “clearing” has the same meaning as in the markets in financial instruments directive.]

[F40(1B) Any reference in these Regulations to a sourcebook is to a sourcebook in the Handbook of Rules and Guidance published by the FCA containing rules made by the FCA under the 2000 Act as the sourcebook has effect on IP completion day.]

(2) In these Regulations, references to dealings on an exchange, or transactions effected on an exchange, are references to dealings or transactions which are effected by means of the exchange’s facilities or which are governed by the rules of the exchange, and references to the use of the facilities of an exchange include use which consists of any such dealings or entering into any such transactions.

(3) In these Regulations, except in regulation 6, references to the performance of the functions of a recognised body are references to the carrying on by it of exempt activities together with the performance of its regulatory functions.

[F41(4) For the purposes of the definition of “algorithmic trading” in paragraph (1), a system is to be considered as having limited or no human intervention where, for any order or quote generation process or any process to optimise order-execution, an automated system makes decisions at any of the stages of initiating, generating, routing or executing orders or quotes according to pre-determined parameters.

(5) For the purposes of the definition of “direct electronic access” in paragraph (1), a person is to be considered not capable of electronically transmitting orders relating to a financial instrument directly to a trading venue where either or both of the following apply—

(a)that person cannot exercise discretion regarding—

(i)the exact fraction of a second of order entry, and

(ii)the lifetime of the order within that timeframe;

(b)the electronic transmission of orders takes place through arrangements for optimisation of order execution processes that determine the parameters of the order other than the trading venue where the order should be submitted, unless these arrangements are embedded into that person’s systems and not into those of—

(i)the member or participant of a regulated market or of a multilateral trading facility, or

(ii)a client of an organised trading facility.]

Textual Amendments

F1Words in reg. 3(1) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Investment Exchanges, Clearing Houses and Central Securities Depositories (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/662), regs. 1(3), 19(2)(a) (with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11 (as amended by S.I. 2020/1301, regs. 1, 3, Sch. para. 40(f))); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)