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					<dc:identifier>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78</dc:identifier><dc:title>Employment Rights Act 2025</dc:title><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:publisher>Statute Law Database</dc:publisher><dc:modified>2026-04-09</dc:modified><dc:contributor>Expert Participation</dc:contributor><dct:valid>2026-04-07</dct:valid>
					
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					<ukm:PrimaryMetadata><ukm:DocumentClassification><ukm:DocumentCategory Value="primary"/><ukm:DocumentMainType Value="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct"/><ukm:DocumentStatus Value="revised"/></ukm:DocumentClassification><ukm:Year Value="2025"/><ukm:Number Value="36"/><ukm:EnactmentDate Date="2025-12-18"/><ukm:ISBN Value="9780105703044"/></ukm:PrimaryMetadata>
					

                    
									<ukm:Notes><ukm:Note IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/notes"/><ukm:Alternatives><ukm:Alternative URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/pdfs/ukpgaen_20250036_en.pdf" Date="2026-03-02" Title="Explanatory Note" Size="2322645"/></ukm:Alternatives>       
								</ukm:Notes> 
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				</ukm:Metadata><Primary><Body DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/body" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/body" NumberOfProvisions="229" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I." RestrictStartDate="2026-04-07"><Part DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/part/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/part/4" NumberOfProvisions="55" id="part-4" RestrictExtent="E+W+S" RestrictStartDate="2026-04-06"><Number>Part 4</Number><Title>Trade unions and industrial action, etc</Title><Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/part/4/crossheading/strikes-minimum-service-levels" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/part/4/crossheading/strikes-minimum-service-levels" NumberOfProvisions="1" id="part-4-crossheading-strikes-minimum-service-levels" RestrictExtent="E+W+S" RestrictStartDate="2025-12-18"><Title>Strikes: minimum service levels</Title><P1group RestrictExtent="E+W+S" RestrictStartDate="2025-12-18"><Title>Repeal of provision about minimum service levels</Title><P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78" id="section-78">
<Pnumber><CommentaryRef Ref="key-54765263836015ab876864f78507e434"/>78</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/1" id="section-78-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, omit sections 234B to 234G (minimum service levels for certain services).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2" id="section-78-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>Accordingly, in that Act—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/a" id="section-78-2-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in section 219 (protection from tort liabilities), in subsection (4), for the words from “to”, in the first place it occurs, to “steps);” substitute </Text>
<BlockAmendment Context="main" PartialRefs="p10007" Format="default" TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown">
<Text id="p10007">to—</Text>
<P3>
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>sections 222 to 225 (action excluded from protection),</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>section 226 (requirement of ballot before action by trade union), and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3>
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>section 234A (requirement of notice to employer of industrial action);</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</BlockAmendment>
<AppendText>;</AppendText>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/b" id="section-78-2-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in section 234A (notice to employers of industrial action), in subsection (3)—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/b/i" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/b/i" id="section-78-2-b-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>at the end of paragraph (a), insert <InlineAmendment>“and”</InlineAmendment>;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/b/ii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/b/ii" id="section-78-2-b-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>omit paragraph (ba) and the “and” before it;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/c" id="section-78-2-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>omit the italic heading before section 234B;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/d" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/d" id="section-78-2-d">
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>for the italic heading before section 235 substitute <InlineAmendment>“<Emphasis>Sections 226 to 234A: meaning of “contract of employment</Emphasis><Emphasis>”</Emphasis>”</InlineAmendment>;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/e" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/e" id="section-78-2-e">
<Pnumber>e</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in section 235 (construction of references to contract of employment)—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/e/i" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/e/i" id="section-78-2-e-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>in the heading, at the end insert <InlineAmendment>“in sections 226 to 234A”</InlineAmendment>;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/e/ii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/e/ii" id="section-78-2-e-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>for “to 234G” substitute <InlineAmendment>“to 234A”</InlineAmendment>;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/f" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/f" id="section-78-2-f">
<Pnumber>f</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in section 238A (unfair dismissal: participation in official industrial action)—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/f/i" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/f/i" id="section-78-2-f-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>in subsection (2), insert <InlineAmendment>“and”</InlineAmendment> at the end of paragraph (a) and omit paragraph (aa) (and the <InlineAmendment>“and”</InlineAmendment> after it);</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/f/ii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/f/ii" id="section-78-2-f-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>for subsection (9) substitute—</Text>
<BlockAmendment Context="main" Format="double" TargetClass="primary" TargetSubClass="unknown">
<P2>
<Pnumber>9</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this section “<Term>date of dismissal</Term>” has the meaning given by section 238(5).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</BlockAmendment>
<AppendText>;</AppendText>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/g" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/g" id="section-78-2-g">
<Pnumber>g</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in section 246 (minor definitions), for “where section 229(2A) applies (see that section and 234G(2))” substitute <InlineAmendment>“for the purposes of section 229(2) (see section 229(2A))”</InlineAmendment>;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h" id="section-78-2-h">
<Pnumber>h</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>in section 299 (index of defined expressions)—</Text>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h/i" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h/i" id="section-78-2-h-i">
<Pnumber>i</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>in the entry for “contract of employment”, for “234G” substitute <InlineAmendment>“234A”</InlineAmendment>;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h/ii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h/ii" id="section-78-2-h-ii">
<Pnumber>ii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>in the entry for “not protected”, for “, 234A and 234E” substitute <InlineAmendment>“and 234A”</InlineAmendment>;</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
<P4 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h/iii" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/2/h/iii" id="section-78-2-h-iii">
<Pnumber>iii</Pnumber>
<P4para>
<Text>omit the entries for “minimum service regulations (in Part 5)”, “relevant service (in Part 5)” and “work notice (in Part 5)”.</Text>
</P4para>
</P4>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/78/3" id="section-78-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The Strikes (Minimum Service Levels) Act 2023 is repealed.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1></P1group></Pblock></Part></Body></Primary><Commentaries><Commentary Type="I" id="key-54765263836015ab876864f78507e434"><Para><Text>S. 78  in force at Royal Assent, see <CitationSubRef id="n7e86865367cce29c" SectionRef="section-159-1-c" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/36/section/159/1/c" Operative="true">s. 159(1)(c)</CitationSubRef></Text></Para></Commentary></Commentaries></Legislation>