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					<dc:identifier>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3</dc:identifier><dc:title>Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025</dc:title><dc:publisher>Statute Law Database</dc:publisher><dc:modified>2026-04-09</dc:modified><dc:contributor>Expert Participation</dc:contributor><dct:valid>2026-04-01</dct:valid>
					
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					<ukm:PrimaryMetadata><ukm:DocumentClassification><ukm:DocumentCategory Value="primary"/><ukm:DocumentMainType Value="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct"/><ukm:DocumentStatus Value="revised"/></ukm:DocumentClassification><ukm:Year Value="2025"/><ukm:Number Value="28"/><ukm:EnactmentDate Date="2025-12-02"/><ukm:ISBN Value="9780105702979"/></ukm:PrimaryMetadata>
					

                    
									 
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				</ukm:Metadata><Primary><Body DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/body" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/body" NumberOfProvisions="136" RestrictExtent="E+W+S" RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><Part DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/part/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/part/1" NumberOfProvisions="76" id="part-1" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><Number>Part 1</Number><Title>Functions exercisable on behalf of public authorities</Title><Chapter DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/part/1/chapter/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/part/1/chapter/2" NumberOfProvisions="8" id="part-1-chapter-2" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><Number>Chapter 2</Number><Title>Investigatory powers</Title><Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/information" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/part/1/chapter/2/crossheading/information" NumberOfProvisions="4" id="part-1-chapter-2-crossheading-information" RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><Title>Information</Title><P1group RestrictExtent="E+W" RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><Title>Information notices</Title><P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3" id="section-3">
<Pnumber><CommentaryRef Ref="key-7bbdfd57be9635d06a238f6d44912566"/><CommentaryRef Ref="key-f4d5d34a3193359d2527a3cd99a8f6e0"/>3</Pnumber>
<P1para>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1" id="section-3-1">
<Pnumber>1</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The Minister may require a person (“<Term id="term-p">P</Term>”) to give specified information to the Minister where the Minister considers that—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1/a" id="section-3-1-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>it is necessary and proportionate to do so for the purpose of exercising the Minister’s functions under <InternalLink Ref="section-1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/1" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/1">section 1</InternalLink><InternalLink Ref="section-1-1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/1/1" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/1/1">(1)</InternalLink><InternalLink Ref="section-1-1-a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/1/1/a" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/1/1/a">(a)</InternalLink> to <InternalLink Ref="section-1-1-c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/1/1/c" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/1/1/c">(c)</InternalLink>, and</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1/b" id="section-3-1-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>the information relates to a person (whether or not P) whom the Minister has reasonable grounds to suspect has committed fraud against a public authority.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/2" id="section-3-2">
<Pnumber>2</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The power conferred by <InternalLink Ref="section-3-1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1">subsection (1)</InternalLink> is to be exercised by giving P a notice (an “information notice”).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/3" id="section-3-3">
<Pnumber>3</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An information notice must identify (by name or description) the person suspected of having committed fraud as mentioned in <InternalLink Ref="section-3-1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1">subsection (1)</InternalLink><InternalLink Ref="section-3-1-b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1/b" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/1/b">(b)</InternalLink>.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4" id="section-3-4">
<Pnumber>4</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An information notice must set out—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4/a" id="section-3-4-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>how, where and the period within which the information must be given to the Minister in order for the recipient of the notice to avoid being liable to a penalty under <InternalLink Ref="section-54" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/54" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/54">section 54</InternalLink>;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4/b" id="section-3-4-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>information about the consequences of not complying with the notice.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/5" id="section-3-5">
<Pnumber>5</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The period mentioned in <InternalLink Ref="section-3-4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4">subsection (4)</InternalLink><InternalLink Ref="section-3-4-a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4/a" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/4/a">(a)</InternalLink> must not be less than 10 working days beginning with the day after the day on which the information notice is given.</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6" id="section-3-6">
<Pnumber>6</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>The power under this section to require P to give information to the Minister includes the power to—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/a" id="section-3-6-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>take copies of or extracts from information;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/b" id="section-3-6-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>require P to provide information in a specified form;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/c" id="section-3-6-c">
<Pnumber>c</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>require P to retain information that P would not otherwise retain;</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/d" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/6/d" id="section-3-6-d">
<Pnumber>d</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>if any specified information is not given to the Minister, require P to state, to the best of P’s knowledge and belief, both where that information is and why it has not been given to the Minister.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/7" id="section-3-7">
<Pnumber>7</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>An information notice under this section may not require the giving of—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/7/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/7/a" id="section-3-7-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>journalistic material, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/7/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/7/b" id="section-3-7-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>excluded material,</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<Text>within the meaning of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (see sections 11 to 13 of that Act; see <InternalLink Ref="section-7" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/7" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/7">section 7</InternalLink><InternalLink Ref="section-7-2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/7/2" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/7/2">(2)</InternalLink><InternalLink Ref="section-7-2-b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/7/2/b" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/7/2/b">(b)</InternalLink> of this Act for provision about production orders).</Text>
</P2para>
</P2>
<P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/8" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/8" id="section-3-8">
<Pnumber>8</Pnumber>
<P2para>
<Text>In this section, “<Term id="term-specified">specified</Term>” means—</Text>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/8/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/8/a" id="section-3-8-a">
<Pnumber>a</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>specified, or described, in an information notice, or</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
<P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/8/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3/8/b" id="section-3-8-b">
<Pnumber>b</Pnumber>
<P3para>
<Text>falling within a category that is specified, or described, in an information notice.</Text>
</P3para>
</P3>
</P2para>
</P2>
</P1para>
</P1></P1group></Pblock></Chapter></Part></Body></Primary><Commentaries><Commentary Type="I" id="key-7bbdfd57be9635d06a238f6d44912566"><Para><Text>S. 3  not in force at Royal Assent, see <CitationSubRef id="n616828edd9d2751b" SectionRef="section-109-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/109/1" Operative="true">s. 109(1)</CitationSubRef></Text></Para></Commentary><Commentary id="key-f4d5d34a3193359d2527a3cd99a8f6e0" Type="I"><Para><Text><CitationSubRef SectionRef="section-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2025/28/section/3" id="c5dm607h6-00097">S. 3</CitationSubRef> in force at 1.4.2026 by <Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/371" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2026" Number="371" Title="The Public Authorities (Fraud, Error and Recovery) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 2) Regulations 2026" id="c5dm607h6-00098">S.I. 2026/371</Citation>, <CitationSubRef SectionRef="regulation-2-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/371/regulation/2/a" CitationRef="c5dm607h6-00098" Operative="true" id="c5dm607h6-00099">reg. 2(a)</CitationSubRef></Text></Para></Commentary></Commentaries></Legislation>