Part 1

National and Cultural Identity and Language

Irish language
2
1
In the Northern Ireland Act 1998 after Part 7A (inserted by section 1(1)) insert—
Part 7B

The Irish Language

Recognition of the status of the Irish language
78J
1
The purpose of this Part is to provide official recognition of the status of the Irish language in Northern Ireland by—
a
providing for the appointment of an Irish Language Commissioner,
b
providing for the development of standards of best practice relating to the use of the Irish language by public authorities, and
c
requiring public authorities to have due regard to such standards.
2
This is in addition to any other official recognition of the status of the Irish language including, for example, in—
a
section 28D,
b
the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 (S.I. 1999/859), and
c
provision relating to Irish-medium education.
3
Nothing in this Part affects the status of the English language.

The Irish Language Commissioner
78K
1
The First Minister and deputy First Minister acting jointly must appoint an Irish Language Commissioner.
2
The person for the time being holding office as Irish Language Commissioner is by that name a corporation sole.
3
In this Part, “the Commissioner” means the Irish Language Commissioner.
4
Schedule 9B contains provision about the Commissioner.

Functions of the Commissioner
78L
1
The principal aim of the Commissioner in exercising functions under this Part is to enhance and protect the use of the Irish language by public authorities in the provision of services to the public or a section of the public in Northern Ireland.
2
The Commissioner must—
a
prepare and publish, in accordance with sections 78M and 78N, standards of best practice relating to the use of the Irish language by public authorities,
b
monitor and promote compliance with those standards, and
c
investigate complaints in accordance with section 78P.
3
The Commissioner may provide advice, support and guidance to public authorities in relation to the use of the Irish language and the standards of best practice.
4
The First Minister and deputy First Minister acting jointly may direct the Commissioner in relation to the exercise of the Commissioner’s functions.
5
In this Part, a reference to services is a reference to services whether provided for payment or not.

Irish language best practice standards
78M
1
The Commissioner must—
a
prepare written standards of best practice relating to the use of the Irish language by public authorities in the provision of services to the public or a section of the public in Northern Ireland (“best practice standards”), and
b
submit them to the First Minister and deputy First Minister.
2
The First Minister and deputy First Minister acting jointly may approve best practice standards submitted under subsection (1) with or without modifications.
3
The Commissioner must publish best practice standards approved under subsection (2).
4
In preparing best practice standards, the Commissioner must—
a
have due regard to any guidance of the First Minister and deputy First Minister acting jointly, and
b
consult such public authorities or other persons as the Commissioner considers appropriate.
5
Best practice standards—
a
must state the date or dates from which they are to be applicable, and
b
may make different provision for different public authorities or different descriptions of public authority.

Review and revision of best practice standards
78N
1
The Commissioner must, within the period of five years beginning with the day on which best practice standards were last published, review the operation of those standards.
2
The Commissioner may revise or withdraw best practice standards—
a
following a review under subsection (1), or
b
at any other time, if the Commissioner considers it necessary or desirable to do so.
3
The Commissioner must submit any revised best practice standards to the First Minister and deputy First Minister.
4
Subsections (2) to (5) of section 78M apply to revised best practice standards as they apply to best practice standards prepared under section 78M(1).

Duty to have regard to best practice standards
78O
1
A public authority must, in providing services to the public or a section of the public in Northern Ireland, have due regard to any published best practice standards.
2
A public authority must prepare and publish a plan setting out the steps it proposes to take to comply with the duty in subsection (1).
3
A public authority—
a
may revise and re-publish the plan if the authority considers it necessary or desirable to do so, and
b
must revise and re-publish the plan if relevant revised best practice standards are published in accordance with section 78N.
4
In preparing or revising a plan under this section, a public authority must consult the Commissioner.

Complaints
78P
1
Subsection (2) applies in relation to a complaint to the effect that a public authority has failed to comply with its obligations under section 78O if—
a
the complaint is made by a person claiming to have been directly affected by the failure,
b
the complaint is made in writing to the Commissioner within the period of three months beginning with the day on which the complainant first knew of the matters raised in the complaint, and
c
the Commissioner is satisfied that the complainant has notified the public authority of the matters raised in the complaint and the authority has had reasonable opportunity to consider them and respond.
2
The Commissioner must—
a
investigate the complaint, or
b
provide the complainant with a written statement of the Commissioner’s reasons for not investigating the complaint.
3
If investigating the complaint, the Commissioner must—
a
notify the complainant and public authority in writing of that fact,
b
afford the public authority reasonable opportunity to comment on matters raised in the complaint, and
c
give the complainant and public authority a report setting out the Commissioner’s findings.
4
If the Commissioner finds that the public authority failed to comply with its obligations under section 78O, the Commissioner—
a
may include in the report under subsection (3) recommendations as to how the public authority might remedy its failure and avoid future failures, and
b
must lay the report before the Assembly.
5
An investigation under this section may be carried out in private if the Commissioner considers it appropriate.

Meaning of “public authority”
78Q
1
In this Part “public authority” means an authority listed in Schedule 3 to the Public Services Ombudsman Act (Northern Ireland) 2016 (c. 4 (N.I.)), but does not include—
a
the Commissioner;
b
the Office of Identity and Cultural Expression;
c
the Commissioner for the Ulster Scots and the Ulster British tradition;
d
the implementation body to which Part 6 of the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) (Northern Ireland) Order 1999 (S.I. 1999/859) (language) applies;
e
a body referred to in note 2 to Schedule 3 but not listed in that Schedule.
2
The First Minister and deputy First Minister acting jointly may by regulations modify this section for the purpose of adding authorities to or removing authorities from the definition of “public authority”.
3
Regulations under subsection (2) may—
a
add an authority only if the provision adding the authority—
i
would be within the legislative competence of the Assembly if it were contained in an Act of the Assembly, and
ii
would not, if it were contained in a Bill of the Assembly, result in that Bill requiring the consent of the Secretary of State;
b
add or remove an authority for a particular purpose, or in relation to specified functions;
c
include transitional or supplementary provision.
2
Schedule 2 contains provision about the Irish Language Commissioner.
S. 2 not in force at Royal Assent, see s. 10(2)
S. 2(1) in force at 22.5.2023 for specified purposes by S.I. 2023/566, reg. 2(c)
S. 2(2) in force at 22.5.2023 by S.I. 2023/566, reg. 2(d)