CHAPTER 4E+WForfeiture, deprivation of property etc
152Deprivation orderE+W
In this Code “deprivation order” means an order under this Chapter which—
(a)is made in respect of an offender for an offence, and
(b)deprives the offender of any rights in the property to which it relates.
Commencement Information
I1S. 152 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
153Deprivation order: availabilityE+W
(1)A deprivation order relating to any property to which subsection (2) applies is available to the court by or before which an offender is convicted of an offence.
(2)This subsection applies to property which—
(a)has been lawfully seized from the offender, or
(b)was in the offender's possession or under the offender's control when—
(i)the offender was apprehended for the offence, or
(ii)a summons in respect of it was issued,
if subsection (3) or (5) applies.
(3)This subsection applies if the court is satisfied that the property—
(a)has been used for the purpose of committing, or facilitating the commission of, any offence, or
(b)was intended by the offender to be used for that purpose.
(4)For the purposes of subsection (3), facilitating the commission of an offence includes taking any steps after it has been committed for the purpose of—
(a)disposing of any property to which the offence relates, or
(b)avoiding apprehension or detection.
(5)This subsection applies if—
(a)the offence mentioned in subsection (1), or
(b)an offence which is taken into consideration by the court in determining the offender's sentence,
consists of unlawful possession of the property.
(6)Subsection (1) is subject to—
(a)any restriction on forfeiture in any enactment contained in an Act passed on or after 29 July 1988,
(b)section 33C(8) of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (subsection (1) not to apply where section 33C of that Act provides for forfeiture of vehicles in connection with offence under that section), and
(c)paragraph 7 of Schedule 5 to the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 (subsection (1) not to apply where person convicted of offence under Part 2, 3 or 5 of that Act).
Commencement Information
I2S. 153 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
154Vehicle to be treated as used for purpose of certain offencesE+W
(1)This section applies where a person commits an offence listed in subsection (2) by—
(a)driving, attempting to drive, or being in charge of, a vehicle,
(b)failing to comply with a requirement made under section 7 or 7A of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (failure to provide specimen for analysis or laboratory test or to give permission for such a test) in the course of an investigation into whether the offender had committed an offence while driving, attempting to drive, or being in charge of, a vehicle, or
(c)failing, as the driver of a vehicle, to comply with subsection (2) or (3) of section 170 of the Road Traffic Act 1988 (duty to stop and give information or report accident).
(2)Those offences are—
(a)an offence under the Road Traffic Act 1988 which is punishable with imprisonment;
(b)an offence of manslaughter;
(c)an offence under section 35 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (wanton and furious driving).
(3)The vehicle is to be regarded for the purposes of section 153 (and section 157(3)(b)) as used for the purpose of committing the offence (including where it is committed by aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring).
Commencement Information
I3S. 154 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
155Exercise of power to make deprivation orderE+W
(1)In considering whether to make a deprivation order in respect of any property, a court must have regard to—
(a)the value of the property, and
(b)the likely financial and other effects on the offender of making the order (taken together with any other order that the court contemplates making).
(2)Where a deprivation order is available for an offence, the court may make such an order whether or not it deals with the offender in any other way for the offence.
(3)For the effect of proceedings relating to confiscation orders on the court's powers under this section, see the following provisions of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002—
(a)section 13(2) (where confiscation order is made);
(b)section 15 (where proceedings in relation to confiscation orders are postponed).
Commencement Information
I4S. 155 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
156Deprivation order: property to be taken into possession of police or Secretary of StateE+W
(1)Where the court makes a deprivation order in respect of an offender for an offence, this section applies to the property to which the order relates.
(2)If the court considers that the offence—
(a)related to immigration or asylum, or
(b)was committed for a purpose in connection with immigration or asylum,
it may order that the property is to be taken into the possession of the Secretary of State.
(3)Property that is taken into the possession of the Secretary of State by virtue of subsection (2) is to be treated for the purposes of section 26 of the UK Borders Act 2007 (disposal of property) as property that has come into the possession of the Secretary of State as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) of that section.
(4)Unless the court makes an order under subsection (2), the property is to be taken into the possession of the police (if it is not already in their possession).
Commencement Information
I5S. 156 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
157Property to which a deprivation order applies: orders by magistrates' courtE+W
(1)This section applies where property to which a deprivation order relates is in the possession of the police by virtue of section 156(4).
(2)A magistrates' court may, on the application of a police officer or a claimant of the property—
(a)order the delivery of the property to the person appearing to the court to be its owner, or
(b)if its owner cannot be ascertained, make any other order about the property.
This is subject to subsection (3).
(3)If the application is made by a claimant of the property, the court may make an order under subsection (2) only if—
(a)the application is made before the end of the period of 6 months beginning with the day on which the deprivation order is made, and
(b)the claimant satisfies the court—
(i)that the claimant did not consent to the offender's possession of the property, or
(ii)if the deprivation order was made by virtue of section 153(3) (property used for purposes of offence), that the claimant did not know, and had no reason to suspect, that the property was likely to be used for a purpose mentioned in section 153(3).
(4)Any right of a person to take legal proceedings against a person in possession of property by virtue of an order under subsection (2)—
(a)ceases at the end of the 6 month period mentioned in subsection (3)(a), but
(b)is not otherwise affected by the order.
Commencement Information
I6S. 157 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
158Regulations about unclaimed property to which deprivation order appliesE+W
(1)The property about which regulations under section 2 of the Police (Property) Act 1897 (disposal of unclaimed property in possession of the police) may be made includes property which is in the possession of the police by virtue of section 156(4) and in respect of which—
(a)no application under section 157 was made by a claimant of the property during the 6 month period mentioned in subsection (3)(a) of that section, or
(b)no such application has succeeded.
(2)Where section 2 of the Police (Property) Act 1897 applies by virtue of this section the restrictions in subsections (2A)(a) and (3) of that section (restrictions about dealing with property within a year) do not apply.
(3)Regulations made by virtue of this section may not provide for the local policing body to become the owner of property which is the subject of an order under section 159 (court order as to application of property subject to deprivation order).
Commencement Information
I7S. 158 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
159Application of proceeds of property subject to deprivation orderE+W
(1)This section applies where a court makes a deprivation order in respect of any property and—
(a)the offence was one which resulted in a person suffering personal injury, loss or damage, or
(b)any such offence is taken into consideration by the court in determining sentence.
(2)The court may also make an order that any proceeds which—
(a)arise out of the disposal of the property, and
(b)do not exceed a sum specified by the court,
are to be paid to the person.
(3)The court may make an order under this section only if it is satisfied that, but for the inadequacy of the offender's means, it would have made a compensation order under which the offender would have been required to pay compensation of an amount not less than the amount specified under subsection (2)(b).
(4)An order under this section has no effect—
(a)before the end of the 6 month period mentioned in section 157(3)(a), or
(b)if a successful application under—
(i)section 157, or
(ii)section 1(1) of the Police (Property) Act 1897,
has been made.
Commencement Information
I8S. 159 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
160Orders for forfeiture etc under other ActsE+W
(1)For circumstances in which the court may be required to order forfeiture of certain material, see—
| Function of making order | Description of order |
|---|---|
| section 4A(1) of the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 | certain offences under that Act: contingent order for destruction of dog |
| section 25 or 29I of the Public Order Act 1986 | forfeiture of written material or recordings to which certain offences under Part 3 or 3A of that Act apply (racial or religious hatred or hatred on grounds of sexual orientation) |
| section 1(4) of the Obscene Publications Act 1964 | forfeiture of articles seized under section 3 of the Obscene Publications Act 1959 where person convicted under section 2 of that Act. |
(2)For provision about other forfeiture orders and deprivation orders etc that are available to courts dealing with offenders for particular offences, see—
| Power to make order | Description of order |
|---|---|
| section 18 of the Cultural Property (Armed Conflicts) Act 2017 | offence under section 17 of that Act: forfeiture of unlawfully exported property |
| section 11 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 | forfeiture of vehicle, ship or aircraft on conviction of offence under section 2 of that Act (human trafficking) |
| sections 7 and 11A of the Terrorism Act 2006 | forfeiture of certain things in offender's possession for purposes of offence under— (a) section 6 of that Act (training for terrorism), or (b) section 9 or 10 of that Act (misuse of or threats connected with radioactive device or material) |
| sections 33, 35, 37, 38 and 40 of the Animal Welfare Act 2006 | deprivation and destruction of animals and equipment on conviction of certain offences under that Act |
| section 23 of the Terrorism Act 2000 | forfeiture of money and property on conviction of certain offences under that Act (terrorist property offences) |
| section 23A of the Terrorism Act 2000 | forfeiture of money and property on conviction of— (a) certain offences under that Act or the Terrorism Act 2006, or (b) offences F1... which have a terrorist connection |
| section 120A of the Terrorism Act 2000 | supplementary power to forfeit items on conviction of certain offences under that Act (weapons training and possessing things and collecting information for the purposes of terrorism) |
| section 6 of the Knives Act 1997 | offences under sections 1 and 2 of that Act: forfeiture of knives and publications |
| sections 4 and 4A(4) of the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 | order for destruction of dog, or contingent destruction order, on conviction of certain offences under that Act |
| section 33C of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 | deprivation of rights in vehicle used for certain offences under— (a) section 33 of that Act, or (b) the Environmental Permitting Regulations consisting of the disposal or deposit of waste |
| section 6 of the Crossbows Act 1987 | offence under that Act: forfeiture or disposal of crossbow or any part |
| section 7 of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 | order for forfeiture of objects relating to offences under Part 1 of that Act (forgery and kindred offences) |
| section 24(3) of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 | forfeiture of anything related to an offence under section 19 of that Act (reproducing British currency notes or making imitation British coins) |
| section 42(3) of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 | offence under relevant statutory provisions (within the meaning of that Act): forfeiture of explosive article or substance |
| section 25C of the Immigration Act 1971 | forfeiture of ship, vehicle or aircraft connected with offence under section 25, 25A or 25B of that Act (assisting unlawful immigration to member State or entry to the UK in certain circumstances) |
| section 27 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 | forfeiture order in case of certain offences under— (a) that Act, or (b) certain provisions of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 |
| section 52 of the Firearms Act 1968 | forfeiture and disposal of firearm in certain cases including— (a) offences under that Act, (b) offence for which custodial sentence is imposed, (c) certain offences under the Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006, and (d) other circumstances where conditions are imposed on offender with respect to firearms |
| section 3 of the Children and Young Persons (Harmful Publications) Act 1955 | forfeiture of copies of work to which the Act applies and other articles on conviction under section 2 of that Act |
| section 1(2) of the Prevention of Crime Act 1953 | offence under section 1(1) of that Act (carrying offensive weapon without reasonable excuse or lawful authority) |
| section 3 of the Incitement to Disaffection Act 1934 | power to order destruction etc of documents connected with offence under that Act. |
(3)Nothing in this section is to be taken to affect—
(a)the power of a court to make an order under this Chapter,
(b)any function of a court of making an order mentioned in the table in subsection (1) or (2), or
(c)any other power or duty of a court to make an order for the forfeiture or destruction of any material.
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 160(2) omitted (29.6.2021) by virtue of Counter-Terrorism and Sentencing Act 2021 (c. 11), s. 50(2)(v), Sch. 13 para. 6(2)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 160: power to exclude conferred by 2006 c. 52, Sch. 6A para. 13 (as inserted (1.12.2020) by Sentencing Act 2020 (c. 17), s. 416(1), Sch. 25 para. 12 (with s. 416(7), Sch. 27); S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2)
Commencement Information
I9S. 160 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2
161Confiscation orders under other ActsE+W
For provision about confiscation orders, see—
(a)the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, or
(b)in relation to an offence committed before 24 March 2003—
(i)the Drug Trafficking Act 1994;
(ii)Part 6 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988.
Commencement Information
I10S. 161 in force at 1.12.2020 by S.I. 2020/1236, reg. 2