<Legislation xmlns="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12" NumberOfProvisions="1182" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation http://www.legislation.gov.uk/schema/legislation.xsd" SchemaVersion="1.0" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I." RestrictStartDate="2026-06-19"><ukm:Metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:ukm="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/metadata">
					<dc:identifier>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109</dc:identifier><dc:title>Data Protection Act 2018</dc:title><dc:description>An Act to make provision for the regulation of the processing of information relating to individuals; to make provision in connection with the Information Commissioner's functions under certain regulations relating to information; to make provision for a direct marketing code of practice; and for connected purposes.</dc:description><dc:type>text</dc:type><dc:format>text/xml</dc:format><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:publisher>Statute Law Database</dc:publisher><dc:modified>2026-07-09</dc:modified><dc:contributor>Expert Participation</dc:contributor><dct:valid>2026-06-19</dct:valid>
					
					<atom:link rel="self" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.xml" type="application/xml"/><atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/resources" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/resources" title="More Resources"/>
					
					<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/notes" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/notes" title="Explanatory Notes"/><atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/notes/toc" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/notes/contents" title="Explanatory Notes Table of Contents"/>
					
					<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/act" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12" title="whole act"/><atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/introduction" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/introduction" title="introduction"/>
					<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/body" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/body" title="body"/>
					<atom:link rel="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/def/navigation/schedules" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/schedules" title="schedules"/>
					
										
					
					
					
					<atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.rdf" title="RDF/XML"/><atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/akn+xml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.akn" title="AKN"/><atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/xhtml+xml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.xht" title="HTML snippet"/><atom:link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.htm" title="Website (XHTML) Default View"/><atom:link rel="alternate" type="text/csv" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.csv" title="CSV"/><atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.pdf" title="PDF"/>
					<atom:link rel="alternate" type="application/akn+xhtml" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/data.html" title="HTML5 snippet"/>

					
					<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/tableOfContents" hreflang="en" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/contents" title="Table of Contents"/>
					
					<atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/enacted" title="enacted"/><atom:link rel="http://purl.org/dc/terms/hasVersion" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/2018-05-25" title="2018-05-25"/>
					
					<atom:link rel="up" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12" title="Entire legislation"/><atom:link rel="prev" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/108" title="Provision; Section 108"/><atom:link rel="prevInForce" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/108" title="Provision; Section 108"/><atom:link rel="next" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/110" title="Provision; Section 110"/><atom:link rel="nextInForce" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/110" title="Provision; Section 110"/>
					<ukm:PrimaryMetadata><ukm:DocumentClassification><ukm:DocumentCategory Value="primary"/><ukm:DocumentMainType Value="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct"/><ukm:DocumentStatus Value="revised"/></ukm:DocumentClassification><ukm:Year Value="2018"/><ukm:Number Value="12"/><ukm:EnactmentDate Date="2018-05-23"/><ukm:ISBN Value="9780105700128"/><ukm:UnappliedEffects><ukm:UnappliedEffect URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-b8c9701f301613eea48627a77aa1d082" AffectedNumber="12" Type="word substituted" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12" Row="202" Notes="This amendment not applied to legislation.gov.uk. 2025 c. 18, s. 103 was fully brought into force before s. 119 is fully brought into force, see reg. 1(4)." EffectId="key-b8c9701f301613eea48627a77aa1d082" RequiresApplied="false" AffectingNumber="386" AffectingProvisions="Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3)" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" AffectedYear="2018" AffectingYear="2026" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386" AffectedProvisions="s. 26(2)(f)(ai)" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" Modified="2026-09-25T14:19:14Z" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Comments="NB: conditional amendment: if 2025 c 18, s. 103 is fully brought into force before s. 119 is fully brought into force, this amendment has no effect - if so, set to N with Note Editor: please note there are two possible substitutions - for “Commissioner”, and “Commissioner's”, please check for both when applying the amendments"><ukm:AffectedTitle>Data Protection Act 2018</ukm:AffectedTitle><ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="section-26-2-f" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/26/2/f">s. 26(2)(f)</ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="section-26-2-ai" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/26/2/ai" FoundRef="section-26">(ai)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:AffectingTitle>The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026</ukm:AffectingTitle><ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2">Sch. 2 </ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2-paragraph-23-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2/paragraph/23/2">para. 23(2)</ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2-paragraph-23-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2/paragraph/23/3">(3)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Savings><ukm:Section Ref="regulation-1-4" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/regulation/1/4">reg. 1(4)</ukm:Section></ukm:Savings><ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:Section Ref="regulation-1-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/regulation/1/2">reg. 1(2)</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:InForceDates><ukm:InForce Prospective="true" Qualification=""/></ukm:InForceDates></ukm:UnappliedEffect><ukm:UnappliedEffect AffectingNumber="386" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12" Row="359" Comments="Editor: please note there are two possible substitutions - for “Commissioner”, and “Commissioner's”, please check for both when applying the amendments" Type="word substituted" RequiresApplied="true" AffectedProvisions="s. 160(4)(ab)" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" AffectedYear="2018" AffectingProvisions="Sch. 2 para. 23(2)(3)" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AppendedCommentary="S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)" AffectingYear="2026" Modified="2026-09-25T14:19:14Z" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-2046de38b9a3ef83f521628fea9696e1" AffectedNumber="12" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" EffectId="key-a1cdf02d6805d3ee20cde7adc22d4188"><ukm:AffectedTitle>Data Protection Act 2018</ukm:AffectedTitle><ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="section-160-4-ab" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/160/4/ab" FoundRef="section-160">s. 160(4)(ab)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:AffectingTitle>The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026</ukm:AffectingTitle><ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2">Sch. 2 </ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2-paragraph-23-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2/paragraph/23/2">para. 23(2)</ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2-paragraph-23-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2/paragraph/23/3">(3)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:Section Ref="regulation-1-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/regulation/1/2">reg. 1(2)</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:InForceDates><ukm:InForce Applied="false" Date="2026-09-30" Qualification="wholly in force"/></ukm:InForceDates></ukm:UnappliedEffect><ukm:UnappliedEffect RequiresApplied="true" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386" AffectingProvisions="Sch. 2 para. 23(12)(a)" AffectingYear="2026" AffectingNumber="386" AppendedCommentary="S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" AffectedYear="2018" Type="inserted" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-2c7838d614d68db003405dbfb8b1d84f" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 7 para. 51A" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12" Comments="comes into force when 2025 c. 18, s. 119 is fully brought into force" AffectedNumber="12" EffectId="key-3628ff241af6a0c1c138030fe82c4236" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" Modified="2026-09-25T14:19:14Z" AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" Row="467"><ukm:AffectedTitle>Data Protection Act 2018</ukm:AffectedTitle><ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-7" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/schedule/7">Sch. 7 </ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-7-paragraph-51A" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/schedule/7/paragraph/51A" FoundRef="schedule-7">para. 51A</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:AffectingTitle>The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026</ukm:AffectingTitle><ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2">Sch. 2 </ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-2-paragraph-23-12-a" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/schedule/2/paragraph/23/12/a">para. 23(12)(a)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:Section Ref="regulation-1-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2026/386/regulation/1/2">reg. 1(2)</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:InForceDates><ukm:InForce Applied="false" Date="2026-09-30" Qualification="wholly in force"/></ukm:InForceDates></ukm:UnappliedEffect><ukm:UnappliedEffect Type="added" Modified="2026-02-06T16:20:16Z" AffectingYear="2022" AffectedProvisions="Sch. 3 para. 8(1)(y)" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/18" AffectingNumber="18" AffectedNumber="12" AffectingClass="NorthernIrelandAct" AffectingEffectsExtent="N.I." AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" EffectId="key-45b383b20d73517d1742bc35c1da4b61" AffectedYear="2018" AffectingProvisions="Sch. 3 para. 78(3)" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12" Row="1100" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-45b383b20d73517d1742bc35c1da4b61" RequiresApplied="true"><ukm:AffectedTitle>Data Protection Act 2018</ukm:AffectedTitle><ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/schedule/3">Sch. 3 </ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-3-paragraph-8-1-y" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/schedule/3/paragraph/8/1/y" FoundRef="schedule-3-paragraph-8">para. 8(1)(y)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:AffectingTitle>Adoption and Children Act (Northern Ireland) 2022</ukm:AffectingTitle><ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/18/schedule/3">Sch. 3 </ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-3-paragraph-78-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/18/schedule/3/paragraph/78/3">para. 78(3)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:Section Ref="section-160-1" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/nia/2022/18/section/160/1">s. 160(1)</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:InForceDates><ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/></ukm:InForceDates></ukm:UnappliedEffect></ukm:UnappliedEffects></ukm:PrimaryMetadata>
					

                    
									<ukm:Notes><ukm:Note IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/notes"/><ukm:Alternatives><ukm:Alternative URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/pdfs/ukpgaen_20180012_en.pdf" Date="2022-01-13" Title="Explanatory Note" Size="1240195"/></ukm:Alternatives>       
								</ukm:Notes> 
					<ukm:CorrectionSlips><ukm:CorrectionSlip URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/pdfs/ukpgacs_20180012_en_001.pdf" Date="2019-08-19" Title="Correction Slip 1" Size="101314"/></ukm:CorrectionSlips><ukm:Alternatives><ukm:Alternative URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/pdfs/ukpga_20180012_en.pdf" Date="2018-05-24" Size="3060320"/></ukm:Alternatives>
					
					<ukm:Statistics>
									<ukm:TotalParagraphs Value="1197"/>
									<ukm:BodyParagraphs Value="262"/>
									<ukm:ScheduleParagraphs Value="935"/>
									<ukm:AttachmentParagraphs Value="0"/>
									<ukm:TotalImages Value="0"/>
								</ukm:Statistics>
				</ukm:Metadata><Primary><Body DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/body" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/body" NumberOfProvisions="262" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I." RestrictStartDate="2026-06-19"><Part DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/part/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/part/4" NumberOfProvisions="38" id="part-4" RestrictStartDate="2026-06-19"><Number><Strong>PART 4</Strong></Number><Title>Intelligence services processing</Title><Chapter DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/part/4/chapter/5" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/part/4/chapter/5" NumberOfProvisions="1" id="part-4-chapter-5" RestrictStartDate="2018-05-25"><Number>CHAPTER 5</Number><Title>Transfers of personal data outside the United Kingdom</Title><P1group RestrictStartDate="2018-05-25"><Title>Transfers of personal data outside the United Kingdom</Title><P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/109" id="section-109"><Pnumber PuncAfter=""><CommentaryRef Ref="key-deba1ccec93c5dcf33f3a26797f2173c"/>109</Pnumber><P1para><P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/1" id="section-109-1"><Pnumber>1</Pnumber><P2para><Text>A controller may not transfer personal data to—</Text><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/1/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/1/a" id="section-109-1-a"><Pnumber>a</Pnumber><P3para><Text>a country or territory outside the United Kingdom, or</Text></P3para></P3><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/1/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/1/b" id="section-109-1-b"><Pnumber>b</Pnumber><P3para><Text>an international organisation,</Text></P3para></P3><Text>unless the transfer falls within subsection (2).</Text></P2para></P2><P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/2" id="section-109-2"><Pnumber>2</Pnumber><P2para><Text>A transfer of personal data falls within this subsection if the transfer is a necessary and proportionate measure carried out—</Text><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/2/a" id="section-109-2-a"><Pnumber>a</Pnumber><P3para><Text>for the purposes of the controller's statutory functions, or</Text></P3para></P3><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2018/12/section/109/2/b" id="section-109-2-b"><Pnumber>b</Pnumber><P3para><Text>for other purposes provided for, in relation to the controller, in section 2(2)(a) of the Security Service Act 1989 or section 2(2)(a) or 4(2)(a) of the Intelligence Services Act 1994.</Text></P3para></P3></P2para></P2></P1para></P1></P1group></Chapter></Part></Body></Primary><Commentaries><Commentary id="key-deba1ccec93c5dcf33f3a26797f2173c" Type="I"><Para><Text>S. 109 in force at 25.5.2018  by <Citation URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/625" id="c0s0f8hn3-01718" Class="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Year="2018" Number="625" Title="The Data Protection Act 2018 (Commencement No. 1 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2018">S.I. 2018/625</Citation>, <CitationSubRef CitationRef="c0s0f8hn3-01718" id="c0s0f8hn3-01719" SectionRef="regulation-2-1-d" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2018/625/regulation/2/1/d" Operative="true">reg. 2(1)(d)</CitationSubRef></Text></Para></Commentary></Commentaries></Legislation>