(1)For the purposes of this Part two companies are associated with one another if—
(a)one is a 51% subsidiary of the other,
(b)each is a 51% subsidiary of a third company,
(c)one is owned by a consortium of which the other is a member,
(d)one has control of the other, or
(e)both are under the control of the same person.
(2)For the purposes of this section—
(a)a company is owned by a consortium if at least 75% of the company's ordinary share capital is beneficially owned by other companies each of which beneficially owns at least 5% of that capital, and
(b)the other companies each owning at least 5% of that capital are the members of the consortium.
(3)In this section “control” has the same meaning as in Part 10 (close companies) (see sections 450 and 451).