Part 3

Civil sanctions

Fixed monetary penalties

Fixed monetary penalties: procedure
40
1
Provision under section 39 must secure the results in subsection (2).
2
Those results are that—
a
where a regulator proposes to impose a fixed monetary penalty on a person, the regulator must serve on that person a notice of what is proposed (a “notice of intent”) which complies with subsection (3),
b
the notice of intent also offers the person the opportunity to discharge the person's liability for the fixed monetary penalty by payment of a prescribed sum (which must be less than or equal to the amount of the penalty),
c
if the person does not so discharge liability—
i
the person may make written representations and objections to the regulator in relation to the proposed imposition of the fixed monetary penalty, and
ii
the regulator must at the end of the period for making representations and objections decide whether to impose the fixed monetary penalty,
d
where the regulator decides to impose the fixed monetary penalty, the notice imposing it (“the final notice”) complies with subsection (5), and
e
the person on whom a fixed monetary penalty is imposed may appeal against the decision to impose it.
3
To comply with this subsection the notice of intent must include information as to—
a
the grounds for the proposal to impose the fixed monetary penalty,
b
the effect of payment of the sum referred to in subsection (2)(b),
c
the right to make representations and objections,
d
the circumstances in which the regulator may not impose the fixed monetary penalty,
e
the period within which liability to the fixed monetary penalty may be discharged, which shall not exceed the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice of intent was received, and
f
the period within which representations and objections may be made, which shall not exceed the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the notice of intent was received.
4
Provision pursuant to subsection (2)(c)(ii)—
a
must secure that the regulator may not decide to impose a fixed monetary penalty on a person where the regulator is satisfied that the person would not, by reason of any defence, be liable to be convicted of the relevant offence, and
b
may include provision for other circumstances in which the regulator may not decide to impose a fixed monetary penalty.
5
To comply with this subsection the final notice referred to in subsection (2)(d) must include information as to—
a
the grounds for imposing the penalty,
b
how payment may be made,
c
the period within which payment must be made,
d
any early payment discounts or late payment penalties,
e
rights of appeal, and
f
the consequences of non-payment.
6
Provision pursuant to subsection (2)(e) must secure that the grounds on which a person may appeal against a decision of the regulator include the following—
a
that the decision was based on an error of fact;
b
that the decision was wrong in law;
c
that the decision was unreasonable.
Pt. 3 modified (21.1.2010) by Video Recordings Act 2010 (c. 1), s. 2(2), Sch. para. 5 (with Sch. para. 2(2)6)
Pt. 3 modified (18.10.2023) by Environment (Wales) Act 2016 (anaw 3), ss. 68(1), 88(3)(b); S.I. 2023/1096, art. 2(c)
S. 40(6)(c): power to modify conferred (24.2.2025) by Water (Special Measures) Act 2025 (c. 5), ss. 8(7), 17(2)(e)