http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/15/section/16Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007An Act to make provision about tribunals and inquiries; to establish an Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council; to amend the law relating to judicial appointments and appointments to the Law Commission; to amend the law relating to the enforcement of judgments and debts; to make further provision about the management and relief of debt; to make provision protecting cultural objects from seizure or forfeiture in certain circumstances; to amend the law relating to the taking of possession of land affected by compulsory purchase; to alter the powers of the High Court in judicial review applications; and for connected purposes.texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2026-02-03Expert Participation2026-02-02 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007Sch. 7 para. 6(1)(e)Crime and Courts Act 2013Sch. 14 para. 13(2)s. 61(3)art. 3(g)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007Sch. 7 para. 6(4)(b)Crime and Courts Act 2013Sch. 14 para. 13(2)s. 61(3)art. 3(g)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 22(6)Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022Sch. 4 para. 4(2)s. 51(4)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 23(8)Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022Sch. 4 para. 4(3)s. 51(4)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 13(8)(bza)Nationality and Borders Act 2022s. 23(2)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 13(8)(bzb)Nationality and Borders Act 2022s. 24(9)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 25ANationality and Borders Act 2022s. 80(1)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007Sch. 5 para. 11A and cross-headingNationality and Borders Act 2022s. 80(2)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 29(3A)Nationality and Borders Act 2022s. 81(6)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 16(3)(a)Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015s. 85(3)(a)s. 95(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 16(3)(b) and wordCriminal Justice and Courts Act 2015s. 85(3)(b)s. 95(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 16(3A)(3B)Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015s. 85(4)s. 95(1) Part 1Chapter 2161This section applies in relation to an application to the Upper Tribunal for relief under section 15(1).2The application may be made only if permission (or, in a case arising under the law of Northern Ireland, leave) to make it has been obtained from the tribunal.3The tribunal may not grant permission (or leave) to make the application unless it considers that the applicant has a sufficient interest in the matter to which the application relates.3CIn cases arising under the law of England and Wales, when considering whether to grant permission to make the application, the tribunal—amay of its own initiative consider whether the outcome for the applicant would have been substantially different if the conduct complained of had not occurred, andbmust consider that question if the respondent asks it to do so.3D In subsection (3C) “ the conduct complained of ” means the conduct (or alleged conduct) of the respondent that the applicant claims justifies the tribunal in granting relief. 3EIf, on considering the question mentioned in subsection (3C)(a) and (b), it appears to the tribunal to be highly likely that the outcome for the applicant would not have been substantially different, the tribunal must refuse to grant permission.3FThe tribunal may disregard the requirement in subsection (3E) if it considers that it is appropriate to do so for reasons of exceptional public interest.3GIf the tribunal grants permission in reliance on subsection (3F), the tribunal must certify that the condition in subsection (3F) is satisfied.4Subsection (5) applies where the tribunal considers—athat there has been undue delay in making the application, andbthat granting the relief sought on the application would be likely to cause substantial hardship to, or substantially prejudice the rights of, any person or would be detrimental to good administration.5The tribunal may—arefuse to grant permission (or leave) for the making of the application;brefuse to grant any relief sought on the application.6The tribunal may award to the applicant damages, restitution or the recovery of a sum due if—athe application includes a claim for such an award arising from any matter to which the application relates, andbthe tribunal is satisfied that such an award would have been made by the High Court if the claim had been made in an action begun in the High Court by the applicant at the time of making the application.6AIn cases arising under the law of England and Wales, subsections (2A) and (2B) of section 31 of the Senior Courts Act 1981 apply to the Upper Tribunal as regards the making of an award under subsection (6) as they apply to the High Court as regards the making of an award under section 31(4) of the Senior Courts Act 1981.6BIf the tribunal makes an award in reliance on section 31(2B) of the Senior Courts Act 1981 as applied by subsection (6A), the tribunal must certify that the condition in section 31(2B) as so applied is satisfied.7An award under subsection (6) may be enforced as if it were an award of the High Court.8Where—athe tribunal refuses to grant permission (or leave) to apply for relief under section 15(1),bthe applicant appeals against that refusal, andcthe Court of Appeal grants the permission (or leave),the Court of Appeal may go on to decide the application for relief under section 15(1).9Subsections (4) and (5) do not prevent Tribunal Procedure Rules from limiting the time within which applications may be made.S. 16(3C)-(3G) inserted (8.8.2016) by Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 (c. 2), ss. 84(5), 95(1); S.I. 2016/717, art. 3(c) (with art. 6)S. 16(6A)(6B) inserted (8.8.2016) by Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 (c. 2), ss. 84(6), 95(1); S.I. 2016/717, art. 3(c) (with art. 6)