http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/15/schedule/2Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007An Act to make provision about tribunals and inquiries; to establish an Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council; to amend the law relating to judicial appointments and appointments to the Law Commission; to amend the law relating to the enforcement of judgments and debts; to make further provision about the management and relief of debt; to make provision protecting cultural objects from seizure or forfeiture in certain circumstances; to amend the law relating to the taking of possession of land affected by compulsory purchase; to alter the powers of the High Court in judicial review applications; and for connected purposes.texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2026-04-15Expert Participation2026-03-18 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007Sch. 7 para. 6(1)(e)Crime and Courts Act 2013Sch. 14 para. 13(2)s. 61(3)art. 3(g)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007Sch. 7 para. 6(4)(b)Crime and Courts Act 2013Sch. 14 para. 13(2)s. 61(3)art. 3(g)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 22(6)Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022Sch. 4 para. 4(2)s. 51(4)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 23(8)Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022Sch. 4 para. 4(3)s. 51(4)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 13(8)(bza)Nationality and Borders Act 2022s. 23(2)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 13(8)(bzb)Nationality and Borders Act 2022s. 24(9)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 25ANationality and Borders Act 2022s. 80(1)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007Sch. 5 para. 11A and cross-headingNationality and Borders Act 2022s. 80(2)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 29(3A)Nationality and Borders Act 2022s. 81(6)s. 87(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 16(3)(a)Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015s. 85(3)(a)s. 95(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 16(3)(b) and wordCriminal Justice and Courts Act 2015s. 85(3)(b)s. 95(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007s. 16(3A)(3B)Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015s. 85(4)s. 95(1)Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007Sch. 12 para. 18ZACrime and Policing Act 2026Sch. 21 para. 24(4)s. 255(1) SCHEDULE 2Section 411The Senior President of Tribunals may appoint a person to be one of the judges of the First-tier Tribunal.2A person is eligible for appointment under sub-paragraph (1) only if the person—asatisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 5-year basis,bis an advocate or solicitor in Scotland of at least five years' standing,cis a barrister or solicitor in Northern Ireland of at least five years' standing, ordin the opinion of the Senior President of Tribunals, has gained experience in law which makes the person as suitable for appointment as if the person satisfied any of paragraphs (a) to (c).3Section 52(2) to (5) (meaning of “gain experience in law”) apply for the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(d), but as if section 52(4)(i) referred to the Senior President of Tribunals instead of to the relevant decision-maker.21The Senior President of Tribunals may appoint a person to be one of the members of the First-tier Tribunal who are not judges of the tribunal.2A person is eligible for appointment under sub-paragraph (1) only if the person has qualifications prescribed in an order made by the Lord Chancellor with the concurrence of the Senior President of Tribunals.31This paragraph applies to any power by which—aa person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),ba transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal, orca transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal,may be removed from office.2If the person exercises functions wholly or mainly in Scotland, the power may be exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord President of the Court of Session.3If the person exercises functions wholly or mainly in Northern Ireland, the power may be exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.4If neither of sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) applies, the power may be exercised only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.41This paragraph applies—ato a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),bto a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal, andcto a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal.2If the terms of the person's appointment provide that he is appointed on a salaried (as opposed to fee-paid) basis, the person may be removed from office—aonly by the Lord Chancellor (and in accordance with paragraph 3), andbonly on the ground of inability or misbehaviour.2AIf the terms of the person's appointment provide that the person is appointed on a fee-paid basis, the person may be removed from office—aonly by the Lord Chancellor (and in accordance with paragraph 3), andbonly on—ithe ground of inability or misbehaviour, oriia ground specified in the person's terms of appointment.2BIf the period (or extended period) for which the person is appointed ends before—athe day on which the person attains the age of 75 b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .then, subject to sub-paragraph (2C), the Lord Chancellor must extend the period of the person's appointment (including a period already extended under this sub-paragraph) before it ends.2CExtension under sub-paragraph (2B)—arequires the person's agreement,bis to be for such period as the Lord Chancellor considers appropriate, andcmay be refused on—ithe ground of inability or misbehaviour, oriia ground specified in the person's terms of appointment,but only with any agreement of a senior judge (see section 46(7)), or a nominee of a senior judge, that may be required by those terms.3Subject to the preceding provisions of this paragraph (but subject in the first place to the Judicial Pensions and Retirement Act 1993 (c. 8)), the person is to hold and vacate office in accordance with the terms of his appointment, which are to be such as the Lord Chancellor may determine.51Sub-paragraph (2) applies—ato a person appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1),bto a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal, andcto a transferred-in other member of the First-tier Tribunal.2The Lord Chancellor may pay to a person to whom this sub-paragraph applies such amounts (if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—aremuneration;ballowances;cexpenses.61In this paragraph “judge by request of the First-tier Tribunal” means a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal but who—ais not the Senior President of Tribunals,bis not a judge of the First-tier Tribunal appointed under paragraph 1(1),cis not a transferred-in judge of the First-tier Tribunal,dis not a Chamber President, or Acting Chamber President or Deputy Chamber President, of a chamber of the First-tier Tribunal,eis not a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of section 4(1)(e) (chairman of employment tribunal),f. . . andgis not a judge of the First-tier tribunal by virtue of section 4(2) (criminal injuries compensation adjudicator appointed by the Scottish Ministers).2A judge by request of the First-tier Tribunal may act as a judge of the First-tier Tribunal only if requested to do so by the Senior President of Tribunals.3Such a request made to a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of the combination of sections 4(1)(c) and 5(1)(g) may be made only with—athe concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales where the person is—ian ordinary judge of the Court of Appeal in England and Wales,iia puisne judge of the High Court in England and Wales,iiia circuit judge,iva district judge in England and Wales, ...va District Judge (Magistrates' Courts),vithe Master of the Rolls,viithe President of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of England and Wales,viiithe President of the Family Division of that court,ixthe Chancellor of that court,xa deputy judge of that court, orxithe Judge Advocate General;bthe concurrence of the Lord President of the Court of Session where the person is—ia judge of the Court of Session, oriia sheriff;cthe concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland where the person is—ia Lord Justice of Appeal in Northern Ireland,iia puisne judge of the High Court in Northern Ireland,iiia county court judge in Northern Ireland, oriva district judge in Northern Ireland.3AA request made under sub-paragraph (2) to a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of section 4(1)(ca) may be made only with the concurrence of the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales.4Sub-paragraph (5) applies—ato a judge by request of the First-tier Tribunal, andbto a person who is a judge of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of section 4(1)(e) (chairman of employment tribunal), . . . c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5The Lord Chancellor may pay to a person to whom this sub-paragraph applies such amounts (if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—aremuneration;ballowances;cexpenses.71In this paragraph “ex officio member of the First-tier Tribunal” means a person who is a member of the First-tier Tribunal by virtue of—asection 4(3)(d) (members of employment tribunals who are not Employment Judges), orbthe combination of sections 4(3)(c) and 5(2)(c) (members of Employment Appeal Tribunal appointed under section 22(1)(c) of the Employment Tribunals Act 1996),. . . c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2The Lord Chancellor may pay to an ex officio member of the First-tier Tribunal such amounts (if any) as the Lord Chancellor may determine by way of—aremuneration;ballowances;cexpenses.8The Senior President of Tribunals is responsible, within the resources made available by the Lord Chancellor, for the maintenance of appropriate arrangements for the training, guidance and welfare of judges and other members of the First-tier Tribunal (in their capacities as such judges and other members).91Sub-paragraph (2) applies to a person (“J”)—awho is appointed under paragraph 1(1) or 2(1), orbwho becomes a transferred-in judge, or a transferred-in other member, of the First-tier Tribunal and has not previously taken the required oaths after accepting another office.2J must take the required oaths before—athe Senior President of Tribunals, orban eligible person who is nominated by the Senior President of Tribunals for the purpose of taking the oaths from J.3A person is eligible for the purposes of sub-paragraph (2)(b) if any one or more of the following paragraphs applies to him—ahe holds high judicial office (as defined in section 60(2) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4));bhe holds judicial office (as defined in section 109(4) of that Act);che holds (in Scotland) the office of sheriff.4In this paragraph “the required oaths” means (subject to sub-paragraph (5))—athe oath of allegiance, andbthe judicial oath,as set out in the Promissory Oaths Act 1868 (c. 72).5Where it appears to the Lord Chancellor that J will carry out functions as a judge or other member of the First-tier Tribunal wholly or mainly in Northern Ireland, the Lord Chancellor may direct that in relation to J “the required oaths” means—athe oath as set out in section 19(2) of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (c. 26), orbthe affirmation and declaration as set out in section 19(3) of that Act.Words in Sch. 2 para. 6(1)(f) omitted (15.2.2010) by virtue of The Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/21), Sch. 1 para. 45(a)(i) (with Sch. 4)Word in Sch. 2 para. 4(a) inserted (15.2.2010) by The Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/21), Sch. 1 para. 45(a)(ii)(aa) (with Sch. 4)Sch. 2 para. 4(c) and word omitted (15.2.2010) by virtue of The Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/21), Sch. 1 para. 45(a)(ii)(bb) (with Sch. 4)Word in Sch. 2 para. 7(1)(a) inserted (15.2.2010) by The Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/21), Sch. 1 para. 45(b)(i) (with Sch. 4)Sch. 2 para. 7(1)(c) and word omitted (15.2.2010) by virtue of The Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/21), Sch. 1 para. 45(b)(ii) (with Sch. 4)Words in Sch. 2 para. 1(1) substituted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 13 para. 45(2); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(e) (with savings in S.I. 2013/2192, regs. 48, 49)Words in Sch. 2 para. 1(2)(d) substituted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 13 para. 45(3); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(e) (with savings in S.I. 2013/2192, regs. 48, 49)Words in Sch. 2 para. 1(3) substituted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 13 para. 45(4); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(e) (with savings in S.I. 2013/2192, regs. 48, 49)Words in Sch. 2 para. 2(1) substituted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 13 para. 45(2); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(e) (with savings in S.I. 2013/2192, regs. 48, 49)Sch. 2 para. 4(2A)-(2C) inserted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 13 para. 45(5); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(e) (with savings in S.I. 2013/2192, regs. 48, 49)Words in Sch. 2 para. 4(3) substituted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 13 para. 45(6)(a); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(e) (with savings in S.I. 2013/2192, regs. 48, 49)Words in Sch. 2 para. 4(3) inserted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 13 para. 45(6)(b); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(e) (with savings in S.I. 2013/2192, regs. 48, 49)Sch. 2 para. 6(3A) inserted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 14 para. 10(2); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(g)Word in Sch. 2 para. 6(3)(a)(iv) omitted (1.10.2013) by virtue of Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 14 para. 10(1); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(g)Sch. 2 para. 6(3)(a)(vi)-(xi) inserted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 14 para. 10(1); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(g)Words in Sch. 2 para. 7(1)(a) substituted (1.10.2013) by Crime and Courts Act 2013 (c. 22), s. 61(3), Sch. 14 para. 13(1); S.I. 2013/2200, art. 3(g)Word in Sch. 2 para. 4(2B)(a) substituted (10.3.2022) by Public Service Pensions and Judicial Offices Act 2022 (c. 7), s. 131(1)(4)(a), Sch. 1 para. 36(2)(a) (with Sch. 1 para. 43)Sch. 2 para. 4(2B)(b) omitted (10.3.2022) by virtue of Public Service Pensions and Judicial Offices Act 2022 (c. 7), s. 131(1)(4)(a), Sch. 1 para. 36(2)(b) (with Sch. 1 para. 43)