Finance Act 2003

Liability for and payment of tax U.K.

85 Liability for tax U.K.

(1) The purchaser is liable to pay the tax in respect of a chargeable transaction.

(2) As to the liability of purchasers acting jointly see—

• section 103(2)(c) (joint purchasers);

• Part 2 of Schedule 15 (partners); and

• paragraph 5 of Schedule 16 (trustees).

[F1 (2A) Where relief is withdrawn to any extent under paragraph 5L of Schedule 4A (qualifying housing co-operatives) in a case to which paragraph 5L(4) or (7) applies—

(a) subsection (1) does not apply in relation to the additional tax payable as a result of the withdrawal of the relief, and

(b) the relevant successor is liable to pay that additional tax.

(2B) In subsection (2A) “the relevant successor” has the same meaning as it has in subsections (1C), (1D) and (3)(e) of section 81 (see subsections (6) and (7) of that section).]

[F2 (3) Where relief given in respect of a transaction entered into under alternative finance arrangements is withdrawn to any extent under any of paragraphs 6D, 6F, 6G [F3 , 6H and 6I] of Schedule 4A (higher rate: alternative finance arrangements) [F4 or under Part 3 of Schedule 6C (relief for [F5 special tax sites]) in a case to which paragraph 11 of that Schedule (alternative finance arrangements) applies]—

(a) subsection (1) does not apply in relation to the additional tax payable as a result of the withdrawal of the relief, and

(b) the relevant person is liable to pay that additional tax.

(4) In subsection (3) “the relevant person” [F6 has the same meaning as in section 81ZA (see subsections (6) and (7) of that section)].]

Textual Amendments

F1 S. 85(2A)(2B) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 89(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 4(2)

F2 S. 85(3)(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 40 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 40 para. 5

F3 Words in s. 85(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 89(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 4(3)

F4 Words in s. 85(3) inserted (10.6.2021) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 23 para. 5

F5 Words in s. 85(3) substituted (11.7.2023) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (c. 30), Sch. 23 para. 5

F6 Words in s. 85(4) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 89(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 4(4)

Commencement Information

I1 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)

86 Payment of tax U.K.

(1) Tax payable in respect of a land transaction must be paid [F7 not later than the filing date for the land transaction return relating to the transaction.]

(2) Tax payable as a result of the withdrawal of relief under—

[F8 (za) any of paragraphs 5G to [F9 5L] of Schedule 4A (higher rate for certain transactions),]

[F10 (zb) Part 3 of Schedule 6C (relief for [F11 special tax sites]), other than in a case to which paragraph 11 of that Schedule (alternative finance arrangements) applies,]

(a) Part 1 of Schedule 7 (group relief),

(b) Part 2 of that Schedule (reconstruction or acquisition relief), F12 ...

[F13 (ba) Part 1 of Schedule 7A (PAIF seeding relief),

(bb) Part 2 of Schedule 7A (COACS seeding relief), or]

(c) Schedule 8 (charities relief),

must be paid [F14 not later than the filing date for the return relating to the withdrawal] (see section 81).

[F15 (2A) Tax payable as a result of a withdrawal of relief under any of paragraphs 6D, 6F, 6G [F16 , 6H and 6I] of Schedule 4A (higher rate: alternative finance arrangements) [F17 or under Part 3 of Schedule 6C (relief for [F18 special tax sites]) in a case to which paragraph 11 of that Schedule (alternative finance arrangements) applies] must be paid not later than the filing date for the return relating to the withdrawal (see section 81ZA(1)).]

(3) Tax payable as a result of the amendment of a return must be paid forthwith or, if the amendment is made before the filing date for the return, not later than that date.

(4) Tax payable in accordance with a determination or assessment by the Inland Revenue must be paid within 30 days after the determination or assessment is issued.

(5) The above provisions are subject to—

(a) section 90 (application to defer payment of tax in case of contingent or uncertain consideration), and

(b) paragraphs 39 and 40 of Schedule 10 (postponement of payment pending determination of appeal).

[F19 (5A) The above provisions are also subject to paragraph 7 of Schedule 61 to the Finance Act 2009 (payment of tax where land ceases to qualify for relief in respect of alternative finance investment bonds).]

(6) This section does not affect the date from which interest is payable (as to which, see section 87).

Textual Amendments

F7 Words in s. 86(1) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 80(9) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), s. 80(6)(a)

F8 S. 86(2)(za) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 46(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2019 (c. 1), s. 46(6)

F9 Word in s. 86(2)(za) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 89(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 5(2)

F10 S. 86(2)(zb) inserted (10.6.2021) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 23 para. 6(a)

F11 Words in s. 86(2)(zb) substituted (11.7.2023) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (c. 30), Sch. 23 para. 6

F12 Word in s. 86(2)(b) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 16 para. 15 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), Sch. 16 para. 8(a)

F13 S. 86(2)(ba)(bb) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 16 para. 15 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), Sch. 16 para. 8(b)

F14 Words in s. 86(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 80(9) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2007 (c. 11), s. 80(6)(b)

F15 S. 86(2A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 40 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 40 para. 6

F16 Words in s. 86(2A) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 89(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 5(3)

F17 Words in s. 86(2A) inserted (10.6.2021) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 23 para. 6(b)

F18 Words in s. 86(2A) substituted (11.7.2023) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (c. 30), Sch. 23 para. 6

F19 S. 86(5A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 61 para. 29(2)(c) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2009 (c. 10), Sch. 61 para. 26

Commencement Information

I2 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)

87 Interest on unpaid tax U.K.

(1) Interest is payable on the amount of any unpaid tax from the end of the period of 30 days after the relevant date until the tax is paid.

[F20 (1A) But where the relevant date is determined by subsection (3)(aa), (aaa), (ab) or (c), and a return is required to be delivered before the end of the period of 14 days after that relevant date, interest is instead payable on the amount of any unpaid tax from the end of that period until the tax is paid.]

(2) The Inland Revenue may by regulations amend subsection (1) [F21 or (1A)] so as to make interest run from the end of such shorter period after the relevant date as may be prescribed or, if the regulations so provide, from that date.

(3) For the purposes of this section “the relevant date” is—

[F22 (za) in the case of an amount payable because relief is withdrawn under any of paragraphs 5G to [F23 5L] of Schedule 4A (higher rate for certain transactions), the date which is the relevant date for the purposes of section 81(1A);]

[F24 (zb) in the case of an amount payable because relief is withdrawn under any of paragraphs 6D, 6F, 6G, 6H and 6I of Schedule 4A, the date which is the date of the disqualifying event for the purposes of section 81ZA (see subsection (3) of that section);]

(a) in the case of an amount payable because relief is withdrawn under—

[F25 (ia) Schedule 6A (relief for certain acquisitions of residential property),]

(i) Part 1 of Schedule 7 (group relief),

(ii) Part 2 of that Schedule (reconstruction or acquisition relief), F26 ...

[F27 (iia) paragraph 5, 7 or 8 of Schedule 7A (PAIF seeding relief),

(iib) paragraph 13, 17 or 18 of Schedule 7A (COACS seeding relief), or]

(iii) Schedule 8 (charities relief),

the date of the disqualifying event;

[F28 (aza) in the case of an amount payable by virtue of paragraph 6 of Schedule 6B (adjustment for change of circumstances), the date of the event;]

[F29 (azaa) in the case of an amount payable because relief is withdrawn under Part 3 of Schedule 6C (relief for [F30 special tax sites]), other than in a case to which paragraph 11 of that Schedule (alternative finance arrangements) applies, the date which is the relevant date for the purposes of section 81(1A);

(azab) in the case of an amount payable because relief is withdrawn under Part 3 of Schedule 6C (relief for [F31 special tax sites]) in a case to which paragraph 11 of that Schedule (alternative finance arrangements) applies, the date which is the date of the disqualifying event for the purposes of section 81ZA (see subsection (3) of that section);]

[F32 (azb) in the case of an amount payable under paragraph 6(3) of Schedule 7A (PAIF seeding relief: portfolio test), the first time mentioned in paragraph 6(3)(a) or (b) at which the portfolio test was not met;

(azc) in the case of an amount payable under paragraph 14(1) of Schedule 7A (COACS seeding relief: genuine diversity of ownership condition) because the genuine diversity of ownership condition was not met at a time mentioned in paragraph 14(1)(b) or (c), the first time mentioned in paragraph 14(1)(b) or (c) at which that condition was not met;

(azd) in the case of an amount payable under paragraph 16(3) of Schedule 7A (COACS seeding relief: portfolio test), the first time mentioned in paragraph 16(3)(a) or (b) at which the portfolio test was not met;]

[F33 (aa) in the case of an amount payable under section 81A in respect of an earlier transaction because of the effect of a later linked transaction, the effective date of the later transaction;]

[F34 (aaa) in the case of an amount payable under paragraph 3(3) of Schedule 17A (leases that continue after a fixed term) by reason of the continuation of a lease for a period (or further period) under paragraph 3(2) or (6) of that Schedule, the final day of the period (or further period),]

[F35 (ab) in the case of an amount payable under paragraph F36 ... 4(3) of Schedule 17A (F36 ... treatment of leases for an indefinite term), the day on which the lease becomes treated as being for a longer fixed term;]

(b) in the case of a deferred payment under section 90, the date when the deferred payment is due;

(c) in any other case, the effective date of the transaction.

(4) In subsection (3)(a) “the disqualifying event” [F37 has the same meaning as in section 81(4).]

(5) Subsection (3)(c) applies in a case within section 51 (contingent, uncertain or unascertained consideration) if payment is not deferred under section 90, with the result that interest on any tax payable under section 80 (adjustment where contingency ceases or consideration is ascertained) runs from the effective date of the transaction.

(6) If an amount is lodged with the Inland Revenue in respect of the tax, the amount on which interest is payable is reduced by that amount.

(7) Interest is calculated at the rate applicable under section 178 of the Finance Act 1989 (c. 26) (power of Treasury to prescribe rates of interest).

Textual Amendments

F20 S. 87(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 46(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2019 (c. 1), s. 46(7)(a)

F21 Words in s. 87(2) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 46(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2019 (c. 1), s. 46(7)(b)

F22 S. 87(3)(za) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 46(10) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2019 (c. 1), s. 46(7)(c)

F23 Word in s. 87(3)(za) substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 89(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 6(a)

F24 S. 87(3)(zb) inserted (with effect in accordance with s. 89(4) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 17 para. 6(b)

F25 S. 87(3)(a)(ia) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 39 para. 26 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2004 (c. 12), Sch. 39 para. 17(4)(a) (which amending provision re-enacts, subject to certain changes, a corresponding amendment made by the now revoked Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Land Tax (Variation of the Finance Act 2003) (No. 2) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/2816), see Sch. 39 para. 14)

F26 Word in s. 87(3)(a)(ii) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 16 para. 15 of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), Sch. 16 para. 9(2)(a)(i)

F27 S. 87(3)(a)(iia)(iib) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 16 para. 15 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), Sch. 16 para. 9(2)(a)(ii)

F28 S. 87(3)(aza) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 22 para. 9 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 22 para. 5

F29 S. 87(3)(azaa)(azab) inserted (10.6.2021) by Finance Act 2021 (c. 26), Sch. 23 para. 7

F30 Words in s. 87(3)(azaa) substituted (11.7.2023) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (c. 30), Sch. 23 para. 7

F31 Words in s. 87(3)(azab) substituted (11.7.2023) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2023 (c. 30), Sch. 23 para. 7

F32 S. 87(3)(azb)-(azd) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 16 para. 15 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), Sch. 16 para. 9(2)(b)

F33 S. 87(3)(aa) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 39 para. 26 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2004 (c. 12), Sch. 39 para. 19(3) (which amending provision re-enacts, subject to certain changes, a corresponding amendment made by the now revoked Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Land Tax (Variation of the Finance Act 2003) (No. 2) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/2816), see Sch. 39 para. 14)

F34 S. 87(3)(aaa) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 41 para. 8(3) of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 41 para. 4(a)

F35 S. 87(3)(ab) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 39 para. 26 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2004 (c. 12), Sch. 39 para. 22(5) (which amending provision re-enacts, subject to certain changes, a corresponding amendment made by the now revoked Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Land Tax (Variation of the Finance Act 2003) (No. 2) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/2816), see Sch. 39 para. 14)

F36 Words in s. 87(3)(ab) omitted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 41 para. 8(3) of the amending Act) by virtue of Finance Act 2013 (c. 29), Sch. 41 para. 4(b)

F37 Words in s. 87(4) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 16 para. 15 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), Sch. 16 para. 9(3)

Commencement Information

I3 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)

88 Interest on penalties U.K.

A penalty under this Part shall carry interest at the rate applicable under section 178 of the Finance Act 1989 from the date it is determined until payment.

Commencement Information

I4 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)

89 Interest on repayment of tax overpaid etc U.K.

(1) A repayment by the Inland Revenue to which this section applies shall be made with interest at the rate applicable under section 178 of the Finance Act 1989 for the period between the relevant time (as defined below) and the date when the order for repayment is issued.

(2) This section applies to—

(a) any repayment of tax, and

(b) any repayment of a penalty under this Part.

In that case the relevant time is the date on which the payment of tax or penalty was made.

(3) This section also applies to a repayment by the Inland Revenue of an amount lodged with them in respect of the tax payable in respect of a transaction. In that case the relevant time is the date on which the amount was lodged with them.

(4) No interest is payable under this section in respect of a payment made in consequence of an order or judgment of a court having power to allow interest on the payment.

(5) Interest paid to any person under this section is not income of that person for any tax purposes.

Commencement Information

I5 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)

90 Application to defer payment in case of contingent or uncertain consideration U.K.

(1) The purchaser may apply to the Inland Revenue to defer payment of tax in a case where the amount payable depends on the amount or value of chargeable consideration that—

(a) at the effective date of the transaction is contingent or uncertain, and

(b) falls to be paid or provided on one or more future dates of which at least one falls, or may fall, more than six months after the effective date of the transaction.

(2) The Inland Revenue may make provision by regulations for carrying this section into effect.

(3) The regulations may in particular—

(a) specify when an application is to be made;

(b) impose requirements as to the form and contents of an application;

(c) require the applicant to provide such information as the Inland Revenue may reasonably require for the purposes of determining whether to accept an application;

(d) specify the grounds on which an application may be refused;

(e) specify the procedure for reaching a decision on an application;

(f) make provision for postponing payment of tax when an application has been made;

(g) provide for an appeal to the [F38 tribunal] against a refusal to accept an application, and make provision in relation to such an appeal corresponding to any provision made in relation to appeals under Part 7 of Schedule 10 (appeals against Revenue decisions on tax);

(h) provide for the effect of accepting an application;

(i) require the purchaser to make a return or further return, and to make such payments or further payments of tax as may be specified, in such circumstances as may be specified.

(4) The provisions of Schedule 10 (returns, enquiries, assessments and other matters) apply to a return under this section as they apply to a land transaction return.

(5) An application under this section does not affect the purchaser’s obligations as regards payment of tax in respect of chargeable consideration that has already been paid or provided or is not contingent and whose amount is ascertained or ascertainable at the time the application is made.

This applies as regards both the time of payment and the calculation of the amount payable.

(6) Regulations under this section may provide that where—

(a) a payment is made as mentioned in subsection (5), and

(b) an application under this section is accepted in respect of other chargeable consideration taken into account in calculating the amount of that payment,

section 80 (adjustment where contingency ceases or consideration is ascertained) does not apply in relation to the payment and, instead, any necessary adjustment shall be made in accordance with the regulations.

[F39 (7) This section does not apply so far as the consideration consists of rent.]

Textual Amendments

F38 Word in s. 90(3)(g) substituted (1.4.2009) by The Transfer of Tribunal Functions and Revenue and Customs Appeals Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/56), art. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 368

F39 S. 90(7) added (with effect in accordance with Sch. 39 para. 26 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2004 (c. 12), Sch. 39 para. 22(6) (which amending provision re-enacts, subject to certain changes, a corresponding amendment made by the now revoked Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Land Tax (Variation of the Finance Act 2003) (No. 2) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/2816), see Sch. 39 para. 14)

Commencement Information

I6 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)

91 Collection and recovery of tax etc U.K.

(1) The provisions of Schedule 12 have effect with respect to the collection and recovery of tax.

In that Schedule—

• Part 1 contains general provisions, and

• Part 2 relates to court proceedings.

(2) The provisions of that Schedule have effect in relation to the collection and recovery of any unpaid amount by way of—

(a) penalty under this Part, or

(b) interest under this Part (on unpaid tax or penalty),

as if it were an amount of unpaid tax.

Commencement Information

I7 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)

92 Payment by cheque U.K.

For the purposes of this Part where—

(a) payment to the Inland Revenue is made by cheque, and

(b) the cheque is paid on its first presentation to the banker on whom it is drawn,

the payment is treated as made on the day on which the cheque was received by the Inland Revenue.

Commencement Information

I8 Pt. 4 wholly in force at Royal Assent subject to Sch. 19, see s. 124, Sch. 19 para. 1(1)