Part XI

Information Gathering and Investigations

Powers to gather information

Regulators power to require information : authorised persons etc.
165
1
Either regulator may, by notice in writing given to an authorised person, require him—
a
to provide specified information or information of a specified description; or
b
to produce specified documents or documents of a specified description.
2
The information or documents must be provided or produced—
a
before the end of such reasonable period as may be specified; and
b
at such place as may be specified.
3
An officer who has written authorisation from the regulator to do so may require an authorised person without delay—
a
to provide the officer with specified information or information of a specified description; or
b
to produce to him specified documents or documents of a specified description.
4
This section applies only to
a
information and documents reasonably required in connection with the exercise by either regulator of functions conferred on it by or under this Act , and
b
in relation to the exercise by the PRA of the powers conferred by subsections (1) and (3), information and documents reasonably required by the Bank of England in connection with the exercise by the Bank of its functions in pursuance of its financial stability objective.
5
The regulator in question may require any information provided under this section to be provided in such form as it may reasonably require.
6
The regulator in question may require—
a
any information provided, whether in a document or otherwise, to be verified in such manner, or
b
any document produced to be authenticated in such manner,
as it may reasonably require.
7
The powers conferred by subsections (1) and (3) may also be exercised—
a
by either regulator, to impose requirements on a person who is connected with an authorised person;
aa
by the FCA, to impose requirements on a person who is or has been subject to a relevant Part 5A requirement;
b
by the FCA, to impose requirements on an operator, trustee or depositary of a scheme recognised under section
...
271A or
272 who is not an authorised person;
c
by the FCA, to impose requirements on a recognised investment exchange;
d
by the FCA, to impose requirements on a person who is connected with a recognised investment exchange.
da
by the FCA, to impose requirements on a person who provides, or has provided, a service to an FCA investment firm or to a relevant parent undertaking of such a firm;
e
by either regulator, to impose requirements on a person who provides any service to an insurance undertaking
or reinsurance undertaking
.
7A
For the purposes of the exercise by virtue of subsection (7)(aa) of the powers conferred by subsections (1) and (3) in relation to a person who is not an authorised person, the reference in subsection (4)(a) to functions conferred by or under this Act is to be read as referring only to functions so conferred which relate to the carrying on of a designated activity.
8
“Authorised person” includes a person who was at any time an authorised person but who has ceased to be an authorised person.
8A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
“Officer” means an officer of the regulator exercising the power and includes a member of that regulator's staff or an agent of that regulator.
10
“Specified” means—
a
in subsections (1) and (2), specified in the notice; and
b
in subsection (3), specified in the authorisation.
11
For the purposes of this section, a person is connected with another person (“A”) if he is or has at any relevant time been—
a
a member of A’s group;
b
a controller of A;
c
any other member of a partnership of which A is a member; ...
d
in relation to A, a person mentioned in Part I of Schedule 15 (reading references in that Part to the authorised person as references to A); or
e
involved in the administration of any trust arrangement relating to a funeral plan contract entered into or carried out by A.
12
In subsection (7)(b), the reference to a scheme that is recognised includes a scheme a part of which is recognised.
13
In this section, “
funeral plan contract
” has the same meaning as in article 59(2) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001.

PRA's power to require information: financial stability
165A
1
The
PRA
may, by notice in writing given to a person to whom this section applies, require the person—
a
to provide specified information or information of a specified description; or
b
to produce specified documents or documents of a specified description.
2
This section applies to—
a
a person who has a legal or beneficial interest in any of the assets of a relevant investment fund;
b
a person who is responsible for the management of a relevant investment fund;
c
a person (a “service provider”) who provides any service to an authorised person;
d
a person prescribed by an order made by the Treasury or any person of a description prescribed by such an order (and see also section 165C);
e
a person who is connected with a person to whom this section applies as a result of any of the above paragraphs.
3
This section applies only to
a
information and documents that the
PRA
considers are, or might be, relevant to the stability of one or more aspects of the
UK
financial system
, and
b
information and documents reasonably required by the Bank of England in connection with the exercise by the Bank of its functions in pursuance of its financial stability objective.
4
A notice may be given to a service provider, or to a person who is connected with a service provider, only if the
PRA
considers that—
a
the service or the way in which it (or any part of it) is provided, or
b
any failure to provide the service (or any part of it),
poses, or would be likely to pose, a serious threat to the stability of the
UK
financial system.
5
Information or documents required under this section must be provided or produced—
a
before the end of such reasonable period as may be specified; and
b
at such place as may be specified.
6
The
PRA
may require any information provided under this section to be provided in such form as it may reasonably require.
7
The
PRA
may require—
a
any information provided, whether in a document or otherwise, to be verified in such manner as it may reasonably require; or
b
any document produced to be authenticated in such manner as it may reasonably require.
7A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
In this section—
- “
management
” includes any of the activities listed in
Schedule 6 to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001
;
- “
relevant investment fund
” means an investment fund whose assets consist of or include financial instruments which—
  1. are traded in the United Kingdom; or
  2. were issued by a body incorporated in the United Kingdom;
- “
service
” includes facility;
- “
specified
” means specified in the notice.
9
For the purposes of the definition of “relevant investment fund”—
a
arrangements may constitute an investment fund even if there is only one person participating in the arrangements; and
b
the reference to financial instruments has the
same meaning as in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (see article 3(1) of that Order).
10
For the purposes of this section a person is connected with another person (“A”) if the person is or has at any relevant time been—
a
a member of A's group;
b
a controller of A;
c
any other member of a partnership of which A is a member; or
d
in relation to A, a person mentioned in Part 1 of Schedule 15 (reading references in that Part to the authorised person as references to A).

Safeguards etc in relation to exercise of power under section 165A
165B
1
If the
PRA
proposes to impose a requirement on a person under section 165A, it must give the person a notice in writing warning the person that the
PRA
is proposing to impose the requirement.
2
The notice under subsection (1) must—
a
give the
PRA's
reasons for proposing to impose the requirement; and
b
specify a reasonable period within which the person may make representations to the
PRA
.
3
The
PRA
must then decide, within a reasonable period, whether to impose the requirement.
4
Subsections (1) to (3) do not apply in any case where the
PRA
is satisfied that it is necessary for the information or documents to be provided or produced without delay.
5
If the
PRA
imposes a requirement on a person under section 165A, the notice under that section must give the
PRA's
reasons for imposing the requirement.
6
The
PRA
must prepare a statement of its policy with respect to the exercise of the power conferred by section 165A.
7
The statement requires the approval of the Treasury.
8
If the Treasury approve the statement, the
PRA
must publish it.
9
The power conferred by section 165A may not be exercised before the statement has been published.

Orders under section 165A(2)(d)
165C
1
The Treasury may make an order under section 165A(2)(d) only if either or both of the following conditions is met in relation to the provision made by the order.
1A
Condition A is that the Treasury consider that—
a
the activities carried on by the prescribed person or persons of the prescribed description, or the way in which those activities (or any part of them) are carried on, or
b
any failure to carry on those activities (or any part of them),
pose, or would be likely to pose, a serious threat to the stability of the
UK
financial system.
1B
Condition B is that the provision implements all or part of a recommendation made by the Financial Policy Committee of the Bank of England under section 9P of the Bank of England Act 1998.
2
Subject as follows, an order under section 165A(2)(d) may not be made unless a draft of the order has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
3
Subsection (2) does not apply in any case where the Treasury are satisfied that it is necessary to make an order under section 165A(2)(d) without laying a draft for approval.
4
In that case, the order—
a
must be laid before Parliament after being made; and
b
ceases to have effect at the end of the relevant period unless before the end of that period it is approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
5
If an order ceases to have effect as a result of subsection (4)(b) that does not affect—
a
anything done under it; or
b
the power to make a new one.
6
“
Relevant period
” means a period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the order is made.
7
In calculating the relevant period no account is to be taken of any time during which Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which both Houses are adjourned for more than four days.
8
If a statutory instrument containing an order under section 165A(2)(d) would, apart from this subsection, be treated as a hybrid instrument for the purposes of the Standing Orders of either House of Parliament, it is to proceed in that House as if it were not a hybrid instrument.

Reports by skilled persons.
166
1
This section applies where either regulator has required or could require a person to whom subsection (2) applies (“
the person concerned
”) to provide information or produce documents with respect to any matter (“the matter concerned”).
2
This subsection applies to—
a
an authorised person (“A”),
b
any other member of A's group,
c
a partnership of which A is a member, or
d
a person who has at any relevant time been a person falling within paragraph (a), (b) or (c),
who is, or was at the relevant time, carrying on a business.
3
The regulator mentioned in subsection (1) may either—
a
by notice in writing given to the person concerned, require the person concerned to provide the regulator with a report on the matter concerned, or
b
itself appoint a person to provide the regulator with a report on the matter concerned.
4
When acting under subsection (3)(a), the regulator may require the report to be in such form as may be specified in the notice.
5
The regulator must give notice of an appointment under subsection (3)(b) to the person concerned.
6
The person appointed to make a report—
a
must be a person appearing to the regulator to have the skills necessary to make a report on the matter concerned, and
b
where the appointment is to be made by the person concerned, must be a person nominated or approved by the regulator.
7
It is the duty of—
a
the person concerned, and
b
any person who is providing (or who has at any time provided) services to the person concerned in relation to the matter concerned,
to give the person appointed to prepare a report all such assistance as the appointed person may reasonably require.
8
The obligation imposed by subsection (7) is enforceable, on the application of the regulator in question, by an injunction or, in Scotland, by an order for specific performance under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988.
9
A regulator may make rules providing for expenses incurred by it in relation to an appointment under subsection (3)(b) to be payable as a fee by the person concerned.
10
The powers conferred by this section may also be exercised by the FCA in relation to a person to whom subsection
(10A),
(11)
, (12) or (13)
applies, (and references to the person concerned are to be read accordingly).
10A
This subsection applies to a person who is or has been subject to a relevant Part 5A requirement.
11
This subsection applies to—
a
a recognised investment exchange (“A”),
b
any other member of A's group,
c
a partnership of which A is a member, or
d
a person who has at any time been a person falling within paragraph (a), (b) or (c),
who is, or was at the relevant time, carrying on a business.
12
This subsection applies to a person who provides, or has provided, a service to an FCA investment firm or to a relevant parent undertaking of such a firm.
13
This subsection applies to a person who is or has at any relevant time been involved in the administration of any trust arrangement relating to a funeral plan contract entered into or carried out by an authorised person.
14
In this section, “
funeral plan contract
” has the same meaning as in article 59(2) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001.

Appointment of skilled person to collect and update information
166A
1
This section applies if either regulator considers that an authorised person has contravened a requirement in rules made by that regulator to collect, and keep up to date, information of a description specified in the rules.
2
The regulator may either—
a
require the authorised person to appoint a skilled person to collect or update the information, or
b
itself appoint a skilled person to do so.
3
References in this section to a skilled person are to a person—
a
appearing to the regulator to have the skills necessary to collect or update the information in question, and
b
where the appointment is to be made by the authorised person, nominated or approved by the regulator.
4
The regulator must give notice of an appointment under subsection (2)(b) to the authorised person.
5
The skilled person may require any person to provide all such assistance as the skilled person may reasonably require to collect or update the information in question.
6
A requirement imposed under subsection (5) is enforceable, on the application of the regulator in question, by an injunction or, in Scotland, by an order for specific performance under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988.
7
A contractual or other requirement imposed on a person (“P”) to keep any information in confidence does not apply if—
a
the information is or may be relevant to anything required to be done as a result of this section,
b
an authorised person or a skilled person requests or requires P to provide the information for the purpose of securing that those things are done, and
c
the regulator in question has approved the making of the request or the imposition of the requirement before it is made or imposed.
8
An authorised person may provide information (whether received under subsection (7) or otherwise) that would otherwise be subject to a contractual or other requirement to keep it in confidence if it is provided for the purposes of anything required to be done as a result of this section.
9
A regulator may make rules providing for expenses incurred by it in relation to an appointment under subsection (2)(b) to be payable as a fee by the authorised person.
9A
The powers conferred by this section may also be exercised by the FCA in relation to a recognised investment exchange (and references to an authorised person are to be read accordingly).
9B
The powers conferred by this section may also be exercised by the FCA in relation to a person who is or has been subject to a relevant Part 5A requirement (and references to an authorised person are to be read accordingly).
10
In this section “
authorised person
”, in relation to the PRA, means PRA-authorised person.

Appointment of investigators

Appointment of persons to carry out general investigations.
167
1
If it appears to an investigating authority that there is good reason for doing so, the investigating authority may appoint one or more competent persons to conduct an investigation on its behalf into—
a
the nature, conduct or state of the business of a person to whom subsection (1A) applies or an appointed representative;
b
a particular aspect of that business; or
c
the ownership or control of a person to whom subsection (1A) applies.
1A
This subsection applies to the following persons—
a
a recognised investment exchange;
b
an authorised person;
c
a relevant parent undertaking of an FCA investment firm;
d
a person who provides a service to an FCA investment firm or to a relevant parent undertaking of such a firm.
e
a person on whom a relevant Part 5A requirement is imposed.
2
If a person appointed under subsection (1) thinks it necessary for the purposes of his investigation, he may also investigate the business of a person who is or has at any relevant time been—
a
a member of the group of which the person under investigation (“A”) is part; ...
b
a partnership of which A is a member ; or
c
where A is an insurance undertaking
or reinsurance undertaking
, a person who provides services to A.
3
If a person appointed under subsection (1) decides to investigate the business of any person under subsection (2) he must give that person written notice of his decision.
3A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4A
The power conferred by this section may be exercised in relation to a person who has at any time been an authorised person or a person described in subsection (1A)(c)
, (d) or (e)
but only in relation to—
a
business carried on at any time when the person was an authorised person or a person described in subsection (1A)(c)
, (d) or (e)
, or
b
the ownership or control of the person at such a time.
4B
The power conferred by this section may be exercised in relation to a person who has at any time been an appointed representative but only in relation to business carried on at any time when the person was an appointed representative.
5
“Business” includes any part of a business even if it does not consist of carrying on regulated activities.
5A
“Investigating authority” means—
a
in relation to a recognised investment exchange, the Secretary of State or the FCA;
b
in relation to an authorised person or former authorised person, the FCA or the PRA;
c
in relation to an appointed representative or former appointed representative, the FCA or the PRA.
d
in relation to a person who is, or has at any time been, a person described in subsection (1A)(c)
, (d) or (e)
who is not an authorised person, the FCA.
6
References in subsection (1) to a recognised investment exchange do not include references to an overseas investment exchange (as defined by section 313(1)).

Appointment of persons to carry out investigations in particular cases.
168
1
Subsection (3) applies if it appears to an investigating authority that there are circumstances suggesting that—
a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b
a person may be guilty of an offence under section 122F, 177, 191F, 346 or 398(1) ....
2
Subsection (3) also applies if it appears to an investigating authority that there are circumstances suggesting that—
a
an offence under section 24(1) ... or under Part 7 of the Financial Services Act 2012 or under Part V of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 may have been committed;
b
there may have been a breach of the general prohibition;
ba
an authorised person may have contravened section 20 in relation to a credit-related regulated activity;
c
there may have been a contravention of section 21 or 238; or
d
a person has contravened Article 14 (prohibition of insider dealing and of unlawful disclosure of inside information) or Article 15 (prohibition of market manipulation) of the market abuse regulation.
3
The investigating authority may appoint one or more competent persons to conduct an investigation on its behalf.
4
Subsection (5) applies if it appears to an investigating authority that there are circumstances suggesting that—
a
a person may have contravened section 20;
b
a person may be guilty of an offence under prescribed regulations relating to money laundering;
ba
a person may be guilty of an offence under Schedule 7 to the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (terrorist financing or money laundering);
c
a person may have contravened a rule made by the investigating authority;
ca
a recognised investment exchange may have contravened the recognition requirements (within the meaning of Part 18)
or a rule made by the FCA under section 300H
;
d
an individual may not be a fit and proper person to perform functions in relation to a regulated activity carried on by an authorised or exempt person;
e
an individual may have performed or agreed to perform a function in breach of a prohibition order;
f
a person may have failed to comply with section 56(6);
g
an authorised person may have failed to comply with section 59(1) or (2);
h
a person in relation to whom a regulator has given its approval under section 59 may not be a fit and proper person to perform the function to which that approval relates; . . .
ha
a person may have performed a controlled function without approval for the purposes of section 63A;
i
a person may be guilty of misconduct for the purposes of section 66 ; ...
ia
a person may have failed to comply with section 143R;
ib
an individual may have performed or agreed to perform a function in breach of a Part 9C prohibition order;
ic
a person may have failed to comply with section 143S(6);
id
a person may have contravened any provision made by or under the Securitisation Regulations 2024;
j
a person may have contravened any provision made by or under this Act for the purpose of implementing the markets in financial instruments directive ...
ja
a person may have contravened—
i
any provision made by or under this Act for the purpose of implementing the alternative investment fund managers directive; ...
ii
any provision made by the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013; ...
iii
any provision made by or under this Act for the purpose of implementing the
UCITS
Directive; or
iv
any provision made by the Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Regulations 2011; ....
jb
a person may have contravened—
i
any provision made by or under this Act for the purposes of the market abuse regulation; or
ii
a requirement imposed on that person under sections 122A to 122C, 122G to 122I, 123A or 123B;
jc
a person may have been knowingly concerned in the contravention of—
i
a provision of the market abuse regulation other than Article 14 (prohibition of insider dealing) or 15 (prohibition of market manipulation) of that regulation; or
ii
any
assimilated direct
legislation originally made under the market abuse regulation or any subordinate legislation (within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978) made on or after IP completion day
under the market abuse regulation; or
k
a person may have contravened a
qualifying provision
that is specified, or of a description specified, for the purposes of this subsection by the Treasury by order.
4A
Subsection (5) applies if it appears to the investigating authority that there are circumstances suggesting that—
a
an individual may not be a fit and proper person to perform functions in relation to an activity carried on by a relevant recognised body;
b
an individual may have performed, or agreed to perform, a function in breach of a Part 18 prohibition order;
c
a person may have failed to comply with section 309F(1);
d
a relevant recognised body may have failed to comply with section 309G(1);
e
a person in relation to whom the FCA has given approval under section 309G may not be a fit and proper person to perform the function to which that approval relates;
f
a person may have performed a designated senior management function without approval under section 309G (see section 309U(3));
g
a person may be guilty of misconduct for the purposes of section 309Z2.
4B
Subsection (5) also applies if it appears to the investigating authority that there are circumstances suggesting that a person may have contravened a relevant Part 5A requirement.
5
The investigating authority may appoint one or more competent persons to conduct an investigation on its behalf.
6
Investigating authority” means—
a
in subsections (1) to (3), the FCA, the PRA or the Secretary of State;
b
in subsections (4) and (5), the FCA or the PRA.
c
in
subsections (4A) and (4B)
, the FCA.
7
“
Relevant recognised body
” has the same meaning as in Chapter 2A of Part 18 (see section 309A).

Assistance to overseas regulators

Investigations etc. in support of overseas regulator.
169
1
At the request of an overseas regulator, a regulator may—
a
exercise the power conferred by section 165; or
b
appoint one or more competent persons to investigate any matter.
2
An investigator has the same powers as an investigator appointed under section 168(3) (as a result of subsection (1) of that section).
2A
But where the investigator is—
a
appointed by the FCA, and
b
the appointment is in response to a request to the FCA to investigate a possible contravention by a person of Article 14 (prohibition of insider dealing and of unlawful disclosure of inside information) or Article 15 (prohibition of market manipulation) of the market abuse regulation,
the investigator has the same powers as an investigator appointed under section 168(3) (as a result of subsection (2) of that section).
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
In deciding whether or not to exercise its investigative power, the regulator may take into account in particular—
a
whether in the country or territory of the overseas regulator concerned, corresponding assistance would be given to a United Kingdom regulatory authority;
b
whether the case concerns the breach of a law, or other requirement, which has no close parallel in the United Kingdom or involves the assertion of a jurisdiction not recognised by the United Kingdom;
c
the seriousness of the case and its importance to persons in the United Kingdom;
d
whether it is otherwise appropriate in the public interest to give the assistance sought.
5
The regulator may decide that it will not exercise its investigative power unless the overseas regulator undertakes to make such contribution towards the cost of its exercise as the regulator considers appropriate.
6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
If a regulator has appointed an investigator in response to a request from an overseas regulator, it may direct the investigator to permit a representative of that regulator to attend, and take part in, any interview conducted for the purposes of the investigation.
8
A direction under subsection (7) is not to be given unless the regulator is satisfied that any information obtained by an overseas regulator as a result of the interview will be subject to safeguards equivalent to those contained in Part XXIII.
9
Each regulator must prepare a statement of its policy with respect to the conduct of interviews in relation to which a direction under subsection (7) has been given.
10
The statement requires the approval of the Treasury.
11
If the Treasury approve the statement, the regulator must publish it.
12
No direction may be given under subsection (7) before the statement has been published.
13
“Overseas regulator” has the same meaning as in section 195.
14
“Investigative power” means one of the powers mentioned in subsection (1).
15
“Investigator” means a person appointed under subsection (1)(b).

Support of overseas regulator with respect to financial stability
169A
1
At the request of an overseas regulator, the
PRA
may exercise a corresponding section 165A power.
2
An “
overseas regulator
” means an authority in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom which exercises functions with respect to the stability of the financial system operating in that country or territory.
3
A “
corresponding section 165A power
” means a power corresponding to the one conferred by section 165A, but reading references in that section to the stability of the
UK
financial system as references to the stability of the financial system operating in the country or territory of the overseas regulator.
4
The following provisions apply in relation to the exercise of the corresponding section 165A power—
a
section 165B(1) to (5); and
b
section
169(4)(a) and (d) and (5)
.
5
In this section “
the financial system
” includes—
a
financial markets and exchanges;
b
activities that would be regulated activities if carried on in the United Kingdom; and
c
other activities connected with financial markets and exchanges.

Conduct of investigations

Investigations: general.
170
1
This section applies if an investigating authority appoints one or more competent persons (“investigators”) under section 167 or 168(3) or (5) to conduct an investigation on its behalf.
2
The investigating authority must give written notice of the appointment of an investigator to the person who is the subject of the investigation (“the person under investigation”).
3
Subsections (2) and (9) do not apply if —
a
the investigator is appointed as a result of section 168(1) , (4) or (4B) and the investigating authority believes that the notice required by subsection (2) or (9) would be likely to result in the investigation being frustrated; or
b
the investigator is appointed as a result of subsection (2) of section 168.
4
A notice under subsection (2) must—
a
specify the provisions under which, and as a result of which, the investigator was appointed; and
b
state the reason for his appointment.
5
Nothing prevents the investigating authority from appointing a person who is a member of its staff as an investigator.
6
An investigator must make a report of his investigation to the investigating authority.
7
The investigating authority may, by a direction to an investigator, control—
a
the scope of the investigation;
b
the period during which the investigation is to be conducted;
c
the conduct of the investigation; and
d
the reporting of the investigation.
8
A direction may, in particular—
a
confine the investigation to particular matters;
b
extend the investigation to additional matters;
c
require the investigator to discontinue the investigation or to take only such steps as are specified in the direction;
d
require the investigator to make such interim reports as are so specified.
9
If there is a change in the scope or conduct of the investigation and, in the opinion of the investigating authority, the person subject to investigation is likely to be significantly prejudiced by not being made aware of it, that person must be given written notice of the change.
10
“Investigating authority”, in relation to an investigator, means—
a
the FCA, if the FCA appointed the investigator;
aa
the PRA, if the PRA appointed the investigator;
b
the Secretary of State, if the Secretary of State appointed the investigator.

Powers of persons appointed under section 167.
171
1
An investigator may require a person to whom subsection (1A) applies—
a
to attend before the investigator at a specified time and place and answer questions; or
b
otherwise to provide such information as the investigator may require.
1A
This subsection applies to the following persons—
a
the person who is the subject of the investigation (“the person under investigation”);
b
any person connected with the person under investigation;
c
where the person under investigation is an FCA investment firm, a person who provides, or has provided, a service to the firm or to a relevant parent undertaking of the firm;
d
where the person under investigation is a relevant parent undertaking of an FCA investment firm, a person who provides, or has provided, a service to the parent undertaking or to the firm.
2
An investigator may also require any person to produce at a specified time and place any specified documents or documents of a specified description.
3
A requirement under subsection (1) or (2) may be imposed only so far as the investigator concerned reasonably considers the question, provision of information or production of the document to be relevant to the purposes of the investigation.
3A
Where the investigation relates to a recognised investment exchange, an investigator has the additional powers conferred by sections 172 and 173 (and for this purpose references in those sections to an investigator are to be read accordingly).
4
For the purposes of this section and section 172, a person is connected with the person under investigation (“A”) if he is or has at any relevant time been—
a
a member of A’s group;
b
a controller of A;
c
a partnership of which A is a member; or
d
in relation to A, a person mentioned in Part I or II of Schedule 15.
5
“Investigator” means a person conducting an investigation under section 167.
6
“Specified” means specified in a notice in writing.
7
The reference in subsection (3A) to a recognised investment exchange does not include a reference to an overseas investment exchange (as defined by section 313(1)).

Additional power of persons appointed as a result of section 168(1) , (4) or (4B).
172
1
An investigator has the powers conferred by section 171.
2
An investigator may also require a person who is neither the subject of the investigation (“the person under investigation”) nor a person connected with the person under investigation—
a
to attend before the investigator at a specified time and place and answer questions; or
b
otherwise to provide such information as the investigator may require for the purposes of the investigation.
3
A requirement may only be imposed under subsection (2) if the investigator is satisfied that the requirement is necessary or expedient for the purposes of the investigation.
4
“Investigator” means a person appointed as a result of subsection (1) , (4) or (4B) of section 168.
5
“Specified” means specified in a notice in writing.

Powers of persons appointed as a result of section 168(2).
173
1
Subsections (2) to (4) apply if an investigator considers that any person (“A”) is or may be able to give information which is or may be relevant to the investigation.
2
The investigator may require A—
a
to attend before him at a specified time and place and answer questions; or
b
otherwise to provide such information as he may require for the purposes of the investigation.
3
The investigator may also require A to produce at a specified time and place any specified documents or documents of a specified description which appear to the investigator to relate to any matter relevant to the investigation.
4
The investigator may also otherwise require A to give him all assistance in connection with the investigation which A is reasonably able to give.
5
“Investigator” means a person appointed under subsection (3) of section 168 (as a result of subsection (2) of that section).

Admissibility of statements made to investigators.
174
1
A statement made to an investigator by a person in compliance with an information requirement is admissible in evidence in any proceedings, so long as it also complies with any requirements governing the admissibility of evidence in the circumstances in question.
2
But in criminal proceedings in which that person is charged with an offence to which this subsection applies or in proceedings in relation to action to be taken against that person under section 123 to which this subsection applies—
a
no evidence relating to the statement may be adduced, and
b
no question relating to it may be asked,
by or on behalf of the prosecution or (as the case may be) a regulator, unless evidence relating to it is adduced, or a question relating to it is asked, in the proceedings by or on behalf of that person.
3
Subsection (2) applies to any offence other than one—
a
under section 177(4) or 398;
b
under section 5 of the Perjury Act 1911 (false statements made otherwise than on oath);
c
under section 44(2) of the Criminal Law (Consolidation)(Scotland) Act 1995 (false statements made otherwise than on oath); or
d
under Article 10 of the Perjury (Northern Ireland) Order 1979.
3A
Subsection (2) applies to proceedings in relation to action to be taken under section 123(2) or (3) against a person who may have contravened Article 14 (prohibition of insider dealing and of unlawful disclosure of inside information) or Article 15 (prohibition of market manipulation) of the market abuse regulation.
4
“Investigator” means a person appointed under section 167 or 168(3) or (5) , or a person appointed under section 169 who has the powers conferred by virtue of subsection (2A) of that section.
5
“Information requirement” means a requirement imposed by an investigator under section 171, 172, 173 or 175.

Information and documents: supplemental provisions.
175
1
If either regulator or an investigator has power under this Part to require a person to produce a document but it appears that the document is in the possession of a third person, that power may be exercised in relation to the third person.
2
If a document is produced in response to a requirement imposed under this Part, the person to whom it is produced may—
a
take copies or extracts from the document; or
b
require the person producing the document, or any relevant person, to provide an explanation of the document.
2A
A document so produced may be retained for so long as the person to whom it is produced considers that it is necessary to retain it (rather than copies of it) for the purposes for which the document was requested.
2B
If the person to whom a document is so produced has reasonable grounds for believing—
a
that the document may have to be produced for the purposes of any legal proceedings, and
b
that it might otherwise be unavailable for those purposes,
it may be retained until the proceedings are concluded.
3
If a person who is required under this Part to produce a document fails to do so, the regulator or an investigator may require him to state, to the best of his knowledge and belief, where the document is.
4
A lawyer may be required under this Part to furnish the name and address of his client.
5
No person may be required under this Part to disclose information or produce a document in respect of which he owes an obligation of confidence by virtue of carrying on the business of banking unless—
a
he is the person under investigation or a member of that person’s group;
b
the person to whom the obligation of confidence is owed is the person under investigation or a member of that person’s group;
c
the person to whom the obligation of confidence is owed consents to the disclosure or production; or
d
the imposing on him of a requirement with respect to such information or document has been specifically authorised by the investigating authority.
5A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
If a person claims a lien on a document, its production under this Part does not affect the lien.
7
“Relevant person”, in relation to a person who is required to produce a document, means a person who—
a
has been or is or is proposed to be a director or controller of that person;
b
has been or is an auditor of that person;
c
has been or is an actuary, accountant or lawyer appointed or instructed by that person; or
d
has been or is an employee of that person.
8
“Investigator” means a person appointed under section 167 or 168(3) or (5).

Entry of premises under warrant.
176
1
A justice of the peace may issue a warrant under this section if satisfied on information on oath given by or on behalf of the Secretary of State, either regulator or an investigator that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the first, second or third set of conditions is satisfied.
2
The first set of conditions is—
a
that a person on whom an information requirement has been imposed has failed (wholly or in part) to comply with it; and
b
that on the premises specified in the warrant—
i
there are documents which have been required; or
ii
there is information which has been required.
3
The second set of conditions is—
a
that the premises specified in the warrant are premises of a person to whom subsection (3A) applies;
b
that there are on the premises documents or information in relation to which an information requirement could be imposed; and
c
that if such a requirement were to be imposed—
i
it would not be complied with; or
ii
the documents or information to which it related would be removed, tampered with or destroyed.
3A
This subsection applies to the following persons—
a
an authorised person;
b
an appointed representative;
c
a relevant parent undertaking of an FCA investment firm;
d
a person who provides a service to an FCA investment firm or to a relevant parent undertaking of such a firm.
e
a person who is or has been subject to a relevant Part 5A requirement.
4
The third set of conditions is—
a
that an offence mentioned in section 168 for which the maximum sentence on conviction on indictment is two years or more has been (or is being) committed by any person;
b
that there are on the premises specified in the warrant documents or information relevant to whether that offence has been (or is being) committed;
c
that an information requirement could be imposed in relation to those documents or information; and
d
that if such a requirement were to be imposed—
i
it would not be complied with; or
ii
the documents or information to which it related would be removed, tampered with or destroyed.
5
A warrant under this section shall authorise a constable—
a
to enter the premises specified in the warrant;
b
to search the premises and take possession of any documents or information appearing to be documents or information of a kind in respect of which a warrant under this section was issued (“the relevant kind”) or to take, in relation to any such documents or information, any other steps which may appear to be necessary for preserving them or preventing interference with them;
c
to take copies of, or extracts from, any documents or information appearing to be of the relevant kind;
d
to require any person on the premises to provide an explanation of any document or information appearing to be of the relevant kind or to state where it may be found; and
e
to use such force as may be reasonably necessary.
5A
A warrant under this section may be executed by any constable.
5B
The warrant may authorise persons to accompany any constable who is executing it.
5C
The powers in subsection (5) may be exercised by a person authorised by the warrant to accompany a constable; but that person may exercise those powers only in the company of, and under the supervision of, a constable.
6
In England and Wales, sections 15(5) to (8) and section 16(3) to (12) of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (execution of search warrants and safeguards) apply to warrants issued under this section.
7
In Northern Ireland, Articles 17(5) to (8) and 18(3) to (12) of the Police and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 apply to warrants issued under this section.
8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
In the application of this section to Scotland—
a
for the references to a justice of the peace substitute references to a justice of the peace or a sheriff; and
b
for the references to information on oath substitute references to evidence on oath.
10
“Investigator” means a person appointed under section 167 or 168(3) or (5).
11
“Information requirement” means a requirement imposed—
a
by a regulator under section 87C, 87J, 165 , 165A, 169A or 175; or
aa
by the FCA under regulation 26, 28 or 33 of the Public Offers and Admissions to Trading Regulations 2024; or
b
by an investigator under section 171, 172, 173 or 175.

Retention of documents taken under section 176
176A
1
Any document of which possession is taken under section 176 (“a seized document”) may be retained so long as it is necessary to retain it (rather than copies of it) in the circumstances.
2
A person claiming to be the owner of a seized document may apply to a magistrates' court or (in Scotland) the sheriff for an order for the delivery of the document to the person appearing to the court or sheriff to be the owner.
3
If on an application under subsection (2) the court or (in Scotland) the sheriff cannot ascertain who is the owner of the seized document the court or sheriff (as the case may be) may make such order as the court or sheriff thinks fit.
4
An order under subsection (2) or (3) does not affect the right of any person to take legal proceedings against any person in possession of a seized document for the recovery of the document.
5
Any right to bring proceedings (as described in subsection (4)) may only be exercised within 6 months of the date of the order made under subsection (2) or (3).

Offences

Offences.
177
1
If a person other than the investigator (“the defaulter”) fails to comply with a requirement imposed on him under this Part the person imposing the requirement may certify that fact in writing to the court.
2
If the court is satisfied that the defaulter failed without reasonable excuse to comply with the requirement, it may deal with the defaulter (and in the case of a body corporate, any director or other officer) as if he were in contempt ; and “officer”, in relation to a limited liability partnership, means a member of the limited liability partnership..
3
A person who knows or suspects that an investigation is being or is likely to be conducted under this Part is guilty of an offence if—
a
he falsifies, conceals, destroys or otherwise disposes of a document which he knows or suspects is or would be relevant to such an investigation, or
b
he causes or permits the falsification, concealment, destruction or disposal of such a document,
unless he shows that he had no intention of concealing facts disclosed by the documents from the investigator.
4
A person who, in purported compliance with a requirement imposed on him under this Part—
a
provides information which he knows to be false or misleading in a material particular, or
b
recklessly provides information which is false or misleading in a material particular,
is guilty of an offence.
5
A person guilty of an offence under subsection (3) or (4) is liable—
a
on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum, or both;
b
on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine, or both.
6
Any person who intentionally obstructs the exercise of any rights conferred by a warrant under section 176 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale, or both.
7
In this section—
- “court” means—
  1. the High Court;
  2. in Scotland, the Court of Session;
- “investigator appointed by the FCA” means an investigator appointed by the FCA under section 167, 168 or 169;
- “officer of the FCA” means an officer authorised by the FCA for the purposes of section 165(3).

Interpretation

Interpretation of Part 11
177A
In this Part—
- “
FCA investment firm
” has the meaning given in section 143A;
- “
relevant parent undertaking
”, in relation to an FCA investment firm, means an authorised parent undertaking or a non-authorised parent undertaking (as defined in section 143B).
Pt. 11 modified (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2657, arts. 1(1), 18(2) (which was revoked (8.10.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 23); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
Pt. 11 modified (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 18(2)(4); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
Pt. 11 extended (with modifications) (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3646, arts. 1(1), 6-9
S. 165 amended (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2657, arts. 1(1), 15(1) (which was revoked (8.10.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 23); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 165 amended (temp. from 11.8.2001 to 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2659, arts. 1(2), 2; S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 165 amended (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 15(1); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 165(1)(2) extended (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3646, arts. 1(1), 2(1)(3)(a)
S. 165(5)(6) extended (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3646, arts. 1(1), 2(3)(b)(c)
S. 167 modified (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2657, arts. 1(1), 17 (which was revoked (8.10.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 23); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 167 modified (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 17; S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 168 wholly in force at 3.9.2001; s. 168 not in force at Royal Assent see s. 431(2); s. 168(4)(b) in force for certain purposes at 25.2.2001 by S.I. 2001/516, art. 2(b), Sch. Pt. 2; s. 168 in force in so far as not already in force at 3.9.2001 by S.I. 2001/2632, art. 2(2), Sch. Pt. 2
1993 c. 36.
S. 168(3)(5) applied (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2657, arts. 1(1), 18(1)(3) (which was revoked 8.10.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 23); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 168(3)(5) applied (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3083, arts. 1(2), 18(1)(3); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 169 wholly in force at 3.9.2001; s. 169 not in force at Royal Assent see s. 431(2); s. 169 in force for specified purposes at 18.6.2001 by S.I. 2001/1820, art. 2, Sch.; s. 169 in force in so far as not already in force at 3.9.2001 by S.I. 2001/2632, art. 2(2), Sch. Pt. 2
S. 170(5)-(9) applied (1.12.2001 for E.W.S. and 1.11.2004 for N.I.) by S.I. 2001/1228, regs. 1(2)(c), 30(4) (with 1(2)(3)); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1); S.R. 2004/335, regs. 1(1)(b), 30(4) (with reg. 1(2))
S. 174 applied (1.12.2001 for E.W.S. and 1.11.2004 for N.I) by S.I. 2001/1228, regs. 1(2)(c), 30(5) (with reg. 1(2)(3)); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1); S.R. 2004/335, regs. 1(1)(b), 30(5) (with reg. 1(2))
S. 174 applied (with modifications) (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3646, arts. 1(1), 2(4), 4(5)
1911 c. 6.
1995 c. 39.
S.I. 1979/1714 (N.I. 19).
S. 175(2)-(4)(6) amended (1.12.2001 for E.W.S. and 1.11.2004 for N.I) by S.I. 2001/1228, regs. 1(2)(c), 30(6) (with reg. 1(2)(3)); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1); S.R. 2004/335, regs. 1(1)(b), 30(6) (with reg. 1(2))
S. 176 extended (17.8.2001 for certain purposes otherwise 1.12.2001) by 1992 c. 40, s. 62A (as inserted (17.8.2001 for certain purposes otherwise 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 8, 13(1), Sch. 3 Pt. I para. 77 (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5)); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 176 modified (17.8.2001 for certain purposes otherwise 1.12.2001) by 1986 c. 53, s. 52B (as substituted (17.8.2001 for certain purposes otherwise 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2617, arts. 2, 8, 13(1), Sch. 3 Pt. I para. 151 (with art. 13(3), Sch. 5)); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 176 modified (1.12.2001) by S.I. 1995/1537, reg. 23(4) (as amended (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3649, arts. 1, 509(e))
S. 176(1)-(9) applied (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/1228, regs. 1(2)(c), 30(7) (with reg. 1(2)(3)); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
S. 176(2) extended (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3646, arts. 1(1), 13(2)
S. 176(5): powers of seizure extended (1.4.2003) by 2001 c. 16, ss. 50, 52-54, 68, 138(2), Sch. 1 Pt. I para. 69; S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(a)(c)(j)
S. 176(11) restricted (temp. from 11.8.2001 until 1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/2659, arts. 1(3), 2(3); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1)
1984 c. 60.
S.I. 1989/1341 (N.I. 12).
S. 176(8) applied (with modifications) (1.4.2003) by 2001 c. 16, ss. 57(1)(o)(4), 138(2); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(a)
S. 177 applied (1.12.2001 for E.W.S. and 1.11.2004 for N.I) by S.I. 2001/1228, regs. 1(2)(c), 30(6) (with reg. 1(2)(3)); S.I. 2001/3538, art. 2(1); S.R. 2004/335, regs. 1(1)(b), 30(6) (with reg. 1(2))
S. 177 excluded (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3646, arts. 1(1), 2(5)
S. 177 restricted (1.12.2001) by S.I. 2001/3646, arts. 1(1), 2(7)(a), 4(6)(a), 6(4)(a), 7(4)(a), 8(4)(a), 9(4)(a)
Words in s. 177(2) inserted (6.4.2001 for E.W.S. and 13.9.2004 for N.I.) by S.I. 2001/1090, regs. 1, 9, Sch. 5 para. 21; S.R. 2004/307, reg. 9, Sch. 4 para. 17
S. 165 modified (temp.) (8.4.2002) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Permission and Applications) (Credit Unions etc.) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/704), art. 8(1)(3)
S. 165(2) applied (with modifications) (11.4.2002 for certain purposes and 27.4.2002 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/544), art. 9G(6) (as inserted by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/682), arts. 1(2), 4)
S. 165(5) applied (with modifications) (11.4.2002 for certain purposes and 27.4.2002 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/544), art. 9G(6) (as inserted by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/682), arts. 1(2), 4)
S. 165(6) applied (with modifications) (11.4.2002 for certain purposes and 27.4.2002 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/544), art. 9G(6) (as inserted by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/682), arts. 1(2), 4)
S. 165 amended (18.7.2002 for certain purposes and 21.8.2002 otherwise) by The Electronic Commerce Directive (Financial Services and Markets) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/1775), regs. 1, 12(3)
S. 167 amended (18.7.2002 for certain purposes and 21.8.2002 otherwise) by The Electronic Commerce Directive (Financial Services and Markets) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/1775), regs. 1, 12(3)
S. 168 amended (18.7.2002 for certain purposes and 21.8.2002 otherwise) by The Electronic Commerce Directive (Financial Services and Markets) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/1775), regs. 1, 12(3)
S. 176 amended (18.7.2002 for certain purposes and 21.8.2002 otherwise) by The Electronic Commerce Directive (Financial Services and Markets) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/1775), regs. 1, 12(3)
S. 176 applied (with modifications) (11.4.2002 for certain purposes and 27.4.2002 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/544), art. 9G(9) (as inserted by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/682), arts. 1(2), 4)
S. 168(4) applied (with modifications) (11.4.2002 for certain purposes and 27.4.2002 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/544), art. 9G(8) (as inserted by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/682), arts. 1(2), 4)
S. 168(4)(c) amended (18.7.2002 for certain purposes and 21.8.2002 otherwise) by The Electronic Commerce Directive (Financial Services and Markets) Regulations 2002 (S.I. 2002/1775), regs. 1, 12(5)
S. 175 applied (with modifications) (11.4.2002 for certain purposes and 27.4.2002 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/544), art. 9G(9) (as inserted by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/682), arts. 1(2), 4)
S. 177 applied (with modifications) (11.4.2002 for certain purposes and 27.4.2002 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) Order 2001 (S.I. 2001/544), art. 9G(9) (as inserted by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/682), arts. 1(2), 4)
S. 176(11) restricted (temp. from 8.4.2002 until 2.7.2002) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Permission and Applications) (Credit Unions etc.) Order 2002 (S.I. 2002/704), art. 8(3)
S. 176(1)-(8) applied (with modifications) (N.I.) (1.11.2004) by Open-Ended Investment Companies Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2004 (S.R. 2004/335), regs. 1(1)(b), 30(7) (with reg. 1(2))
Words in s. 176(11)(a) inserted (1.7.2005) by The Prospectus Regulations 2005 (S.I. 2005/1433), reg. 2(1), Sch. 1 para. 12
S. 167(6) inserted (1.4.2007 for certain purposes and 1.11.2007 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/126), regs. 1(2), 3(5), Sch. 5 para. 7(b)
Word in s. 168(4) omitted (1.4.2007 for certain purposes and 1.11.2007 otherwise) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/126), regs. 1(2), 3(5), Sch. 5 para. 8(a)
S. 168(4)(j) and preceding word inserted (1.4.2007 for certain purposes and 1.11.2007 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/126), regs. 1(2), 3(5), Sch. 5 para. 8(b)
S. 171(3A) inserted (1.4.2007 for certain purposes and 1.11.2007 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/126), regs. 1(2), 3(5), Sch. 5 para. 9(a)
S. 171(7) inserted (1.4.2007 for certain purposes and 1.11.2007 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007 (S.I. 2007/126), regs. 1(2), 3(5), Sch. 5 para. 9(b)
S. 165 applied (with modifications) (6.3.2008) by The Regulated Covered Bonds Regulations 2008 (S.I. 2008/346), reg. 46, Sch. para. 3
S. 168(4)(ba) inserted (27.11.2008) by Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (c. 28), ss. 62, 100(2), Sch. 7 para. 33(3) (with s. 101(2), Sch. 7 para. 43)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (1.5.2009 for certain purposes and 1.11.2009 otherwise) by The Payment Services Regulations 2009 (S.I. 2009/209), regs. 1(2), 95, Sch. 5 para. 3 (with reg. 3) (as amended (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/472), Sch. 2 para. 155(6)(c) (with Sch. 2 para. 156); and (26.6.2017) by The Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/692), reg. 1(2), Sch. 7 para. 24(9) (with regs. 8, 15))
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (11.2.2010) by The Cross-Border Payments in Euro Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/89), reg. 19, Sch. para. 2
Words in s. 168(4)(c) substituted (8.4.2010) by Financial Services Act 2010 (c. 28), ss. 24(1), 26(1), Sch. 2 para. 16(2)
S. 168(4)(ha) inserted (8.6.2010) by Financial Services Act 2010 (c. 28), ss. 24(1), 26(2)(d)(e), Sch. 2 para. 16(3)
S. 174 applied (with modifications) (7.6.2010) by The Credit Rating Agencies Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/906), reg. 16(4)
S. 175 applied (with modifications) (7.6.2010) by The Credit Rating Agencies Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/906), reg. 17
S. 177 applied (with modifications) (7.6.2010) by The Credit Rating Agencies Regulations 2010 (S.I. 2010/906), reg. 24
S. 165A-165C inserted (8.6.2010) by Financial Services Act (c. 28), {ss. 18(2)}, 26(2)
S. 169A inserted (8.6.2010) by Financial Services Act (c. 28), {ss. 18(3)}, 26(2)
S. 165: words in heading inserted (8.6.2010) by Financial Services Act (c. 28), ss. 24(1), 26(2)(d)(e), {Sch. 2 para. 15}
Words in s. 176(11)(a) inserted (8.6.2010) by Financial Services Act 2010 (c. 28), ss. 24(1), 26(2)(d)(e), Sch. 2 para. 17
S. 165 applied (with modifications) (31.12.2011) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Permissions, Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) (Northern Ireland Credit Unions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/2832), art. 9
S. 167 applied (with modifications) (31.12.2011) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Permissions, Transitional Provisions and Consequential Amendments) (Northern Ireland Credit Unions) Order 2011 (S.I. 2011/2832), art. 9
S. 167(4A)(4B) substituted for s. 167(4) (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 7(4) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 166 applied (with modifications) (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 15 (with art. 11)
S. 165 applied by S.I. 2018/1149, reg. 60 (as inserted (1.3.2019) by The Financial Services Contracts (Transitional and Saving Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/405), regs. 1(2), 3)
S. 176A applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(2)(g)
Words in s. 165(7)(b) omitted (22.7.2013) by virtue of The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 9
S. 167(3A) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/632), regs. 1(3), 44; 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 176(11)(aa) inserted (30.1.2024 for specified purposes) by The Public Offers and Admissions to Trading Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/105), reg. 2(2)(3), Sch. 3 para. 16(c) (with regs. 48-50)
S. 166(12) inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 6(3) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 168(4)(c) applied (with modifications) (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Transitional Provisions) (Miscellaneous Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/442), arts. 1(3), 19(10)
S. 176(5A)-(5C) inserted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 14(3) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 172 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(h) (with Pt. 4)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (15.1.2013) by The Payments in Euro (Credit Transfers and Direct Debits) Regulations 2012 (S.I. 2012/3122), reg. 1, Sch. para. 2 (as amended (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/472), Sch. 2 para. 248(6)(b))
S. 168(4)(k) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)(g) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 171 applied (31.5.2021 for specified purposes) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(e)
S. 165 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(1)(a)
S. 169 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(e) (with Pt. 4)
S. 176A applied (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 1(k) (with art. 11)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (12.12.2014) by The Immigration Act 2014 (Bank Accounts) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/3085), regs. 1, 14
Word in s. 168(4)(ja)(i) omitted (18.3.2016) by virtue of The Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/225), regs. 1, 2(4)(a)
Words in s. 165(11) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(8)(a) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Word in s. 165A heading substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 2(b) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 175(1) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 13(2) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 177 applied (with modifications) (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(l)
S. 167(1) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (1.1.2016) by The Small and Medium Sized Business (Finance Platforms) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/1946), regs. 1(2), 23
Word in s. 169(4) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 9(3) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 176A modified (E.W.S.) (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 61
Words in s. 168(4)(j) omitted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by virtue of Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)(f) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 177(7) substituted (3.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(11)
S. 175(2)-(6) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 176A applied (with modifications) (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(k)
Word in s. 165B substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 3(b) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 165(5) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(5) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 165(9)(10) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 168 modified (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 55(5)
S. 175 applied (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(i)
S. 175(5A) omitted (14.10.2024) by virtue of Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Act 2024 (c. 9), s. 32(2), Sch. para. 5; S.I. 2024/1021, reg. 2(bb)
S. 166 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(b) (with Pt. 4)
S. 175 applied (1.1.2026) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (Mutual Recognition Agreement) (Switzerland) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1145), regs. 1(2), 35
S. 166A(9B) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 7
S. 165 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 32A(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(15))
S. 165(7)(e) inserted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 7
S. 169 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
Words in s. 167(4A) substituted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 8(3)
S. 167 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(1)(c)
S. 174 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
S. 176 applied (with modifications) (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Transitional Provisions) (Miscellaneous Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/442), arts. 1(3), 21
Words in s. 174(4) inserted (3.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(10)(c)
S. 171(5)(6) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 170(4)-(8) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 165(4)(a): words in s. 165(4) renumbered as s. 165(4)(a) (1.3.2017) by Bank of England and Financial Services Act 2016 (c. 14), s. 41(3), Sch. 2 para. 36(2)(a) (with Sch. 3); S.I. 2017/43, reg. 2(g)
Words in s. 165(4) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(4) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 167(1A)(e) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 8(2)
S. 175(2A)(2B) inserted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 13(3) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 168(4) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)(a) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 171 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(2)(c)
Words in s. 168(4)(k) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/632), regs. 1(3), 45(b) (with transitional provisions in S.I. 2019/710, regs. 1(4), 37); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Pt. 11 modified (15.7.2025 for specified purposes) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities etc.) (Amendment) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/859), arts. 1(2)(3), 10(6)
S. 165 applied (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(a)
S. 167(2)(c) inserted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 8(2)(c)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (3.11.2025) by S.I. 2024/105, reg. 44(5) (as substituted by The Public Offers and Admissions to Trading (Amendment and Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1076), regs. 1(2), 2)
Words in s. 165(9) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(7)(a) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 168(4)-(6) applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(d) (with Pt. 4)
S. 167(5A)(d) inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 7(5) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 167 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, Sch. 1 Pt. 1
Words in s. 165(7)(e) substituted (31.12.2024) by The Insurance and Reinsurance Undertakings (Prudential Requirements) (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1083), regs. 1(2)(b), 5
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (30.1.2024 for specified purposes, 1.11.2024 in so far as not already in force) by The Securitisation Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/102), reg. 2(1)(e)(2), Sch. 1 para. 10 (with reg. 52(3), Sch. 3); as amended by S.I. 2024/705, regs. 1(2), 2(2)
S. 165 applied (1.1.2026) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (Mutual Recognition Agreement) (Switzerland) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1145), regs. 1(2), 35
Words in s. 165(1) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(2) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 174(3A) inserted (3.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(10)(b)
Word in s. 165 heading substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(9) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Word in s. 168(1)(b) inserted (3.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(8)(a)
S. 168(3)(5) applied (3.11.2025) by S.I. 2024/105, reg. 44(2) (as substituted by The Public Offers and Admissions to Trading (Amendment and Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1076), regs. 1(2), 2)
S. 168(2)(ba) inserted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(3)(b) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 168 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
S. 173 applied (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(g)
S. 176 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(1)(d)(2)(f)
S. 170(1)(2) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 165 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, Sch. 1 Pt. 1
Pt. 11 applied in part (with modifications) (31.12.2020) by The Over the Counter Derivatives, Central Counterparties and Trade Repositories (Amendment, etc., and Transitional Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/335), regs. 1(1), 75 (with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 175 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 32A(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(15))
S. 171 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
S. 165 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 12H(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(8))
S. 165 applied (with modifications) (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 14 (with art. 11)
S. 165 modified in part (26.7.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) (No.2) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1881), arts. 1(2)(6), 50(1)
Words in s. 169(9) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 9(8) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 175 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(2)(e)
S. 167 applied (with modifications) (26.7.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1881), arts. 1(2)(6), 12(9)
Word in s. 168(4)(i) omitted (1.11.2012) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Short Selling) Regulations 2012 (S.I. 2012/2554), regs. 1(1), 2(11)(a)
S. 170(10)(a)-(b) substituted for s. 170(10)(a)(b) (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 11 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 176(1) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 14(2) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 168(2)(a) omitted (1.1.2019) by virtue of Financial Guidance and Claims Act 2018 (c. 10), s. 37(5), Sch. 3 para. 18; S.I. 2018/1330, reg. 2(g)(v)
Word in s. 167(2)(b) inserted (1.1.2016) by The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 8(2)(b)
S. 166(1)-(8) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 168(4)(ja)(iii)(iv) inserted (18.3.2016) by The Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/225), regs. 1, 2(4)(b)
Word in s. 169A(1) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 10 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Word in s. 168(4)(ja)(iv) omitted (3.7.2016) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(8)(c)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (1.1.2018) by The Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1127), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 2
S. 168 modified (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(3) (with Pt. 4)
S. 166 applied (with modifications) (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(b)
S. 176 applied (with modifications) (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 17 (with art. 11)
S. 168(6) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(6) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (10.6.2019) by The Proxy Advisors (Shareholders Rights) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/926), regs. 1, 20, 22 (as amended by S.I. 2020/628, regs. 1(4), 15(5))
Words in s. 176(11)(a) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 14(7) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (31.12.2020) by The Credit Rating Agencies (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/266), regs. 1(3), 18(1) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1384, regs. 1(4), 50(3)) (with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Words in s. 169A(4)(b) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/632), regs. 1(3), 47; 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 165(12) inserted (23.2.2022) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 9 para. 4(3); S.I. 2022/163, reg. 2(a)
Words in s. 165(9) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(7)(c) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 modified (E.W.S.) (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 82(13)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (27.2.2018) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Benchmarks) Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/135), regs. 1(2), 19
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (13.1.2018) by The Payment Services Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/752), reg. 1(6), Sch. 6 para. 4 (with reg. 3) (as amended by S.I. 2018/1201, reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 72(3) (with reg. 4, Sch. 3 Pt. 2) (as amended by S.I. 2020/56, regs. 1, 8); and (29.8.2023) by Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), s. 86(3), Sch. 2 para. 72(b) (with s. 2(3)); S.I. 2023/779, reg. 4(zz)(iv))
S. 177A and cross-heading inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 10 (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (30.1.2024 for specified purposes) by The Public Offers and Admissions to Trading Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/105), regs. 2(2)(3), 44(4) (with regs. 48-50)
S. 175 applied (temp.) (16.12.2025 for specified purposes and 29.6.2028 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (ESG Ratings) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/1349), arts. 2, 17 (with art. 20)
S. 167 modified (E.W.S.) (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 55(4)
Words in s. 168(6)(c) substituted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 9(3)
S. 166 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 12H(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(8))
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (30.1.2024 for specified purposes) by The Securitisation Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/102), reg. 2(1)(e)(2), Sch. 1 para. 10 (with reg. 52(3), Sch. 3)
S. 165(4)(b) and word inserted (1.3.2017) by Bank of England and Financial Services Act 2016 (c. 14), s. 41(3), Sch. 2 para. 36(2)(b) (with Sch. 3); S.I. 2017/43, reg. 2(g)
Words in s. 172(4) substituted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 11(3)
Word in s. 176(11)(a) omitted (30.1.2024 for specified purposes) by virtue of The Public Offers and Admissions to Trading Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/105), reg. 2(2)(3), Sch. 3 para. 16(b) (with regs. 48-50)
S. 166 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(1)(b)
S. 177 applied (31.12.2020) by The Electronic Commerce and Solvency 2 (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1361), regs. 1(2), 20 (as amended by S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(2), 6); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 166 applied by S.I. 2018/1149, reg. 60 (as inserted (1.3.2019) by The Financial Services Contracts (Transitional and Saving Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/405), regs. 1(2), 3)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (3.7.2017 for specified purposes, 3.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by The Data Reporting Services Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/699), regs. 1(2)(a)(b), 33
S. 171 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(g) (with Pt. 4)
S. 165 modified (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 50(3)
Words in s. 168(4)(jc)(ii) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/632), regs. 1(3), 45(a) (as amended by S.I. 2020/1301, regs. 1, 3, Sch. para. 33(e)) (with transitional provisions in S.I. 2019/710, regs. 1(4), 37); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 176A applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 168 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 52(4), 53(3)
Words in s. 168(4)(f) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)(d) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 165(7A) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 5(3)
S. 165A(3)(b) and word inserted (1.3.2017) by Bank of England and Financial Services Act 2016 (c. 14), s. 41(3), Sch. 2 para. 37(2)(b) (with Sch. 3); S.I. 2017/43, reg. 2(g)
S. 177 applied (1.1.2026) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (Mutual Recognition Agreement) (Switzerland) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1145), regs. 1(2), 35
Ss. 170-175 applied (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 1(j) (with art. 11)
Words in s. 166(10) substituted (16.5.2022 for specified purposes, 29.7.2022 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/466), arts. 1(3), 6(3)(a)
S. 168(4)(ja)(ii) modified (30.1.2024 for specified purposes, 1.11.2024 in so far as not already in force) by The Securitisation Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/102), regs. 2(1)(e)(2), 34(7)(8)(b) (with Sch. 3); as amended by S.I. 2024/705, regs. 1(2), 2(2)
Words in s. 174(2) inserted (3.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(10)(a)
S. 168(7) inserted (29.6.2023 for specified purposes) by Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), s. 86(1)(e), Sch. 10 para. 8(4)
S. 166A applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2008/346, Sch. para. 4A (as inserted (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/472), Sch. 2 para. 134(g)(ii))
Words in s. 167(5A)(d) substituted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 8(4)
S. 173 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(i) (with Pt. 4)
S. 177 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(2)(h)
S. 168(2)(d) substituted (3.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(8)(b)
Words in s. 165A(9)(b) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/632), regs. 1(3), 43(3); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 165A(7A) omitted (1.1.2024 at 1.00 a.m.) by virtue of Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), ss. 9(4), 86(3); S.I. 2023/1382, reg. 10(a)
S. 170 applied (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(d)
S. 166 applied (temp.) (16.12.2025 for specified purposes and 29.6.2028 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (ESG Ratings) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/1349), arts. 2, 17 (with art. 20)
Pt. 11 modified (temp. to 1.4.2014) (31.12.2013) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Consumer Credit) (Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/3128), arts. 1(1), 4(1)(2)
Word in s. 169(8) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 9(7) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 165(7)(aa) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 5(2)
S. 169 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(2)(a)
Words in s. 174(2) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 12 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 177 applied (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 1(l) (with art. 11)
Word in s. 165(3) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(3) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 167(1)(c) substituted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 7(2)(b) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 169(3)(6) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/632), regs. 1(3), 46 (with transitional provisions in S.I. 2019/710, regs. 1(4), 37); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 172 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
Pt. 11 applied in part (with modifications) (31.12.2020) by The Transparency of Securities Financing Transactions and of Reuse (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/542), regs. 1, 36 (with savings in S.I. 2019/680, reg. 11); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 175 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 12H(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(8))
S. 177A applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
S. 166 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, Sch. 1 Pt. 1
S. 177 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(n) (with Pt. 4)
S. 168(1)(a) omitted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by virtue of Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(2)(a) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 modified (1.1.2026) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (Mutual Recognition Agreement) (Switzerland) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1145), regs. 1(2), 13(5), 14(8)
Words in s. 165(9) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(7)(b) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 175 applied (with modifications) (13.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Transparency of Securities Financing Transactions and of Reuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/715), regs. 1(2), 7
Word in s. 166(10) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 6(2)
S. 167 applied (with modifications) (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 16 (with art. 11)
Word in s. 169(11) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 9(9) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 175 applied (31.12.2020) by The Electronic Commerce and Solvency 2 (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1361), regs. 1(2), 20 (as amended by S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(2), 6); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Words in s. 168(2)(a) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(3)(a) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 176A applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
Words in s. 168(4)(jc)(ii) substituted (1.1.2024) by The Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Act 2023 (Consequential Amendment) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/1424), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 44(3)(b)
Words in s. 165(7) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(6) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 175 applied by S.I. 2018/1149, reg. 60 (as inserted (1.3.2019) by The Financial Services Contracts (Transitional and Saving Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/405), regs. 1(2), 3)
S. 177 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
Words in s. 176(11)(a) omitted (30.1.2024 for specified purposes) by virtue of The Public Offers and Admissions to Trading Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/105), reg. 2(2)(3), Sch. 3 para. 16(a) (with regs. 48-50)
S. 167(1)(4A) applied (3.11.2025) by S.I. 2024/105, reg. 44(1) (as substituted by The Public Offers and Admissions to Trading (Amendment and Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1076), regs. 1(2), 2)
S. 166 modified (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 55(4)
Words in s. 176(3)(a) substituted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 9(2) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 169 applied (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 1(i) (with art. 11)
S. 174 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(2)(d)
S. 165(8A) omitted (1.1.2024 at 1.00 a.m.) by virtue of Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), ss. 9(3), 86(3); S.I. 2023/1382, reg. 10(a)
Words in s. 165(7)(b) inserted (23.2.2022) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 9 para. 4(2); S.I. 2022/163, reg. 2(a)
S. 166(13)(14) inserted (16.5.2022 for specified purposes, 29.7.2022 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/466), arts. 1(3), 6(3)(b)
S. 166A(9A) inserted (29.8.2023) by Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), ss. 11(3), 86(3); S.I. 2023/779, reg. 4(g)
Word in s. 169(5) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 9(4) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 166 applied (31.12.2020) by The Electronic Commerce and Solvency 2 (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1361), regs. 1(2), 20 (as amended by S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(2), 6); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 167 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(c) (with Pt. 4)
Words in s. 170(3)(a) substituted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 10
S. 166(10A) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 6(3)
S. 175(2)(2A)(2B) modified (E.W.S.) (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 55(6)
S. 165(7)(da) inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 5 (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 176A inserted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 15 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 168 applied (with modifications) (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(c)
S. 167(1A) inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 7(3) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 175 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
S. 176(3A) inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 9(3) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 165 applied (31.12.2020) by The Electronic Commerce and Solvency 2 (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1361), regs. 1(2), 20 (as amended by S.I. 2019/1390, regs. 1(2), 6); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 176A applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(m) (with Pt. 4)
S. 168 applied (8.6.2023 for specified purposes, 7.10.2023 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) (Amendment) Order 2023 (S.I. 2023/612), art. 1(2), Sch. para. 1(h) (with art. 11)
S. 176(5)-(11) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 168 applied (with modifications) (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 57(2)(3)
S. 165(1)(3) modified (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 25(1)
S. 165(13) inserted (16.5.2022 for specified purposes, 29.7.2022 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/466), arts. 1(3), 6(2)(c)
Words in s. 168(4)(h) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)(e) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 174 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(j) (with Pt. 4)
S. 165C(1)-(1B) substituted for s. 165C(1) (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 4 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 167(2)(c) substituted (31.12.2024) by The Insurance and Reinsurance Undertakings (Prudential Requirements) (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/1083), regs. 1(2)(b), 6
Words in s. 169(1) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 9(2) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 168(4B) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 9(2)
S. 176 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(l) (with Pt. 4)
S. 175 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(k) (with Pt. 4)
S. 167(5A) inserted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 7(3) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 169(2A) inserted (3.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Market Abuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/680), regs. 1, 10(9)
S. 168(4)(id) inserted (30.1.2024 for specified purposes, 1.11.2024 in so far as not already in force) by The Securitisation Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/102), reg. 2(1)(e)(2), Sch. 1 para. 5 (with Sch. 3); as amended by S.I. 2024/705, regs. 1(2), 2(2)
S. 174 applied (with modifications) (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(h)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (1.1.2019) by The Securitisation Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/1288), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 3 (with Sch. 1 paras. 13, 14)
Words in s. 167(1) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 7(2) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 175(8) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (1.1.2016) by The Small and Medium Sized Business (Credit Information) Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/1945), regs. 1(2), 26
S. 177 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 32A(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(15))
Words in s. 168(4)(c) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)(b) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Word in s. 165B substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 3(a) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (29.6.2017 for specified purposes, 3.7.2017 for specified purposes, 31.7.2017 for specified purposes, 3.1.2018 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/701), reg. 1(2)(3)(4)(6), Sch. 1 para. 19(1) (with reg. 7)
S. 168(6)(c) inserted (29.6.2023 for specified purposes) by Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), s. 86(1)(e), Sch. 10 para. 8(3)
Word in s. 167(2)(a) omitted (1.1.2016) by virtue of The Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/575), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 8(2)(a)
Word in s. 168(4)(ja)(ii) omitted (18.3.2016) by virtue of The Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/225), regs. 1, 2(4)(a)
S. 166 applied (1.1.2026) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (Mutual Recognition Agreement) (Switzerland) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/1145), regs. 1(2), 35
S. 170 applied (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), regs. 1, 71(2)(b)
S. 171(1)-(3) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 166 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 32A(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(15))
S. 176(3A)(e) inserted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 12
S. 168(4)(jb)(jc) substituted for s. 168(4)(jb) (3.1.2018) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Markets in Financial Instruments) (No.2) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1255), regs. 2(b), 3(4)
Words in s. 171(1) substituted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 8(3) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
Word in s. 177(2) inserted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 18 para. 8 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 176 applied (with modifications) (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(j)
Words in s. 168(1)(b) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The EEA Passport Rights (Amendment, etc., and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2018 (S.I. 2018/1149), reg. 1(3), Sch. para. 11 (with reg. 4); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 176(8) omitted (1.4.2013) by virtue of Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 14(6) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (9.7.2013) by The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Referral Fees) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1635), regs. 1, 13
S. 168(4)(ja) inserted (22.7.2013) by The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1773), reg. 1, Sch. 1 para. 10
S. 176 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
Word in s. 168(1)(b) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(2)(b) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 177 applied by S.I. 2018/1149, reg. 60 (as inserted (1.3.2019) by The Financial Services Contracts (Transitional and Saving Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/405), regs. 1(2), 3)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (18.9.2016) by The Payment Accounts Regulations 2015 (S.I. 2015/2038), reg. 1(2)(b), Sch. 7 para. 2
S. 165 applied (with modifications) (26.7.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) (No.2) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1881), arts. 1(2)(6), 12(9)
S. 165 applied (temp.) (16.12.2025 for specified purposes and 29.6.2028 otherwise) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (ESG Ratings) Order 2025 (S.I. 2025/1349), arts. 2, 17 (with art. 20)
S. 165 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(a) (with Pt. 4)
Word in s. 175(3) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 13(4) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Word in s. 165(11)(c) omitted (16.5.2022 for specified purposes, 29.7.2022 in so far as not already in force) by virtue of The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/466), arts. 1(3), 6(2)(a)
S. 166 substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 5 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 165(3)(a): words in s. 165A(3) renumbered as s. 165A(3)(a) (1.3.2017) by Bank of England and Financial Services Act 2016 (c. 14), s. 41(3), Sch. 2 para. 37(2)(a) (with Sch. 3); S.I. 2017/43, reg. 2(g)
S. 170 applied (with modifications) (14.1.2025 for specified purposes) by The Short Selling Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/29), regs. 2(2)(3), 24, 25, Sch. 1 Pts. 1, 2
S. 165(11)(e) and word inserted (16.5.2022 for specified purposes, 29.7.2022 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/466), arts. 1(3), 6(2)(b)
S. 170 applied (20.4.2015 for specified purposes, 21.12.2015 for specified purposes, 21.3.2016 in so far as not already in force) by The Mortgage Credit Directive Order 2015 (S.I. 2015/910), arts. 1(5), 23(2)(f) (with Pt. 4)
S. 177 applied (with modifications) by S.I. 2018/1201, Sch. 3 para. 12H(2) (as substituted (6.9.2019) by The Financial Services (Electronic Money, Payment Services and Miscellaneous Amendments) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1212), regs. 1(2), 7(8))
S. 171(1A) inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 8(4) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
Pt. 11 modified (10.5.2018) by Financial Guidance and Claims Act 2018 (c. 10), s. 37(1)(f), Sch. 5 para. 1
Word in s. 169(7) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 9(6) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 176(7) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 14(5) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 167(1)(a) substituted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 7(2)(a) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 166 applied (with modifications) (13.7.2016) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Transparency of Securities Financing Transactions and of Reuse) Regulations 2016 (S.I. 2016/715), regs. 1(2), 6
S. 177 modified (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 55(7)
Words in s. 168(4)(ca) inserted (29.8.2023) by Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), ss. 11(4), 86(3); S.I. 2023/779, reg. 4(g)
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (26.7.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consumer Credit) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1882), arts. 1(1), 3(5)
S. 165 modified (29.11.2018 for specified purposes, 1.4.2019 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Claims Management Activity) Order 2018 (S.I. 2018/1253), arts. 1(2)(3), 55(4)
S. 166A inserted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 6 (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(c), Sch. Pt. 3; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 172 applied (31.5.2021) by The Civil Liability Act 2018 (Financial Conduct Authority) (Whiplash) Regulations 2021 (S.I. 2021/594), regs. 1, 2(4)(f)
Words in s. 165(11)(d) inserted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(8)(b) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (30.4.2011) by The Electronic Money Regulations 2011 (S.I. 2011/99), reg. 62, Sch. 3 para. 3 (with reg. 3) (as amended (1.4.2013) by The Financial Services Act 2012 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provisions) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/472), Sch. 2 para. 196(5)(c); and (14.2.2014 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) Order 2014 (S.I. 2014/366), arts. 1(4), 18(4)(b); and (10.1.2020) by The Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (Amendment) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1511), regs. 1(2), 19 and (31.12.2020) by S.I. 2018/1201, reg. 1(3), Sch. 2 para. 21(3)(a)-(c) (with reg. 4, Sch. 3 Pt. 1) (with further transitional provisions in Sch. 3 Pt. 1A as inserted by S.I. 2019/405, regs. 1, 10 and as amended by S.I. 2019/1010, regs. 1(3), 7; S.I. 2019/1212, regs. 1(2), 7; and S.I. 2020/56, regs. 1, 8) and (29.8.2023) by Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), s. 86(3), Sch. 2 para. 62(b) (with s. 2(3)); S.I. 2023/779, reg. 4(zz)(iv))
S. 168(4A) inserted (29.6.2023 for specified purposes) by Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (c. 29), s. 86(1)(e), Sch. 10 para. 8(2)
Words in s. 165A(8) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/632), regs. 1(3), 43(2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
S. 168(4)(ca) inserted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(4)(c) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 165(6) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 1(5) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 172 heading substituted (14.1.2025) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Activities) (Supervision and Enforcement) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/22), reg. 1(2), Sch. para. 11(2)
S. 175(5B) omitted (14.10.2024) by virtue of Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Act 2024 (c. 9), s. 32(2), Sch. para. 5; S.I. 2024/1021, reg. 2(bb)
Words in s. 168(5) substituted (24.1.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2013 in so far as not already in force) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 8(5) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/113, art. 2(1)(b), Sch. Pt. 2; S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
Pt. 11 applied (with modifications) (5.4.2024) by The Data Reporting Services Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/107), regs. 1(2), 18; S.I. 2023/1382, reg. 4(c)
Word in s. 165A substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 2(a) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 168(4)(ia)-(ic) inserted (1.7.2021) by Financial Services Act 2021 (c. 22), s. 49(5), Sch. 2 para. 8(1) (with Sch. 2 Pt. 3); S.I. 2021/671, reg. 4(b)
S. 177 applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
Words in s. 176(6) substituted (1.4.2013) by Financial Services Act 2012 (c. 21), s. 122(3), Sch. 12 para. 14(4) (with Sch. 20); S.I. 2013/423, art. 3, Sch.
S. 165(1)-(6) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 176(1)-(3) applied (with modifications) (1.1.2014) by The Capital Requirements Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/3115), regs. 1(2), 14
S. 168 applied (with modifications) (26.7.2013 for specified purposes, 1.4.2014 in so far as not already in force) by The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Regulated Activities) (Amendment) (No. 2) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/1881), arts. 1(2)(6), 50(2)