http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/30Education Act 1994An Act to make provision about teacher training and related matters; to make provision with respect to the conduct of students’ unions; and for connected purposes.1994-07-21texttext/xmlenStatute Law Database2024-08-27Expert Participation2024-08-01 Education Act 1994s. 21(1)(a)Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022Deddf Addysg Drydyddol ac Ymchwil (Cymru) 2022Sch. 4 para. 7(4)(a)(i)s. 19s. 148(2)Education Act 1994s. 21(1)(b)Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022Deddf Addysg Drydyddol ac Ymchwil (Cymru) 2022Sch. 4 para. 7(4)(a)(ii)s. 19s. 148(2)Education Act 1994s. 4(4)Education Act 2002Sch. 21 para. 23 Sch. 22 Pt. 3s. 210(8) 214(4)s. 216(4)art. 4art. 4Sch.Education Act 1994s. 19(1)Education Act 2002Sch. 21 para. 25s. 210(8) 214(4)s. 216(4)art. 4art. 4Sch.Education Act 1994s. 7Higher Education Act 2004s. 23s. 24-29s. 52(2)art. 2Education Act 1994s. 7(1)Higher Education Act 2004s. 27s. 52(3)art. 3(a) 1994 c. 30An Act to make provision about teacher training and related matters; to make provision with respect to the conduct of students’ unions; and for connected purposes.[21st July 1994] Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—Part I1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 The Office for Students ... may make payments, subject to such terms and conditions as it thinks fit, to—athe governing body of a grant-maintained school or grant-maintained special school, orba further education corporation or the governing body of any institution designated under section 28 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992,in respect of expenditure incurred or to be incurred by that body in making safeguarded salary payments to which this section applies.2This section applies to payments made to a person who in consequence of a direction given by the Secretary of State under—aregulation 3(2) of the Further Education Regulations 1975,bregulation 15 of the Education (Schools and Further Education) Regulations 1981, being a direction relating to a course for the training of teachers, orcregulation 16 of those Regulations,ceased before 1st April 1989 to be employed in a college for the training of teachers, or in a department for the training of teachers in any other establishment of further education.3The amount of the safeguarded salary payment is the amount by which, in consequence of the matters mentioned in subsection (2), a person’s salary exceeds that which would normally be appropriate to the post held by him.4A body to which subsection (1)(a) or (b) applies shall give to the Office for Students ... such information as it may require for the purposes of the exercise of its power under that subsection.18A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18B1 Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills (“the Chief Inspector”) may inspect and report on—aany initial training of teachers, or specialist teaching assistants, for schools, orbany in-service training of such teachers or assistants,which is provided by a training provider.2If requested to do so by the Secretary of State, the Chief Inspector must inspect and report on such one or more relevant training providers in England as may be specified in the Secretary of State's request.3The Chief Inspector may at any time give advice to—a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bthe Secretary of State , ...c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .on any matter connected with training falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b).4The Chief Inspector may—amake such reports of inspections carried out by him under this section as he considers appropriate, andbarrange for any such report to be published in such manner as he considers appropriate,...5When inspecting a training provider under this section, the Chief Inspector has at all reasonable times—aa right of entry to the premises of the training provider, andba right to inspect, and take copies of, any records kept by the training provider, and any other documents containing information relating to the training provider, which he considers relevant to the exercise of his functions under this section;and section 58 of the 2005 Act (inspection of computer records) applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of Part 1 of the 2005 Act.6Without prejudice to subsection (5), a training provider to which an inspection under this section relates—amust give the Chief Inspector all assistance in connection with the exercise of his functions under this section which he is reasonably able to give, andbmust secure that all such assistance is also given by persons who work for the training provider.7The Chief Inspector may not carry out any inspection under subsection (1) of training provided by a training provider in Wales unless—aat least eight weeks previously, he has given notice of his intention to carry out the inspection—ito the training provider concerned, oriiwhere the training is provided by a partnership or association of training providers, to one of those training providers, orbwith the agreement of that training provider or (as the case may be) one of those training providers, he has given it shorter notice of that intention.8Any notice under subsection (7)—amust be given in writing, andbmay be sent by post;and any such notice may (without prejudice to any other lawful method of giving it) be addressed to a training provider at any address which the training provider has notified to the Secretary of State as its address.9Nothing in this section confers any right or imposes any duty, whether as regards the carrying out of any inspection or otherwise, in relation to any course which consists of instruction given wholly or mainly for purposes other than training falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b).10Any reference in this section to the Chief Inspector is to be read, in relation to any inspection which he is authorised or required to carry out under this section, as including a reference to any person authorised to act on his behalf under paragraph 9(1) of Schedule 12 to the Education and Inspections Act 2006 .11Nothing in this section is to be taken as prejudicing the generality of paragraph 9(1) of that Schedule. 12In this section—a“the 2005 Act” means the Education Act 2005;b“training provider” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 2005 Act;c“relevant training provider” means any training provider who provides training falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b);d“in-service training” includes any training provided to a teacher serving an induction period (within the meaning of section 19 of the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998);e“documents” and “records” each include information recorded in any form.18C1Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education and Training in Wales (“the Chief Inspector”) may inspect and report on—aany initial training of teachers, or specialist teaching assistants, for schools, orbany in-service training of such teachers or assistants,which is provided by a training provider in Wales.2When asked to do so by the National Assembly for Wales, the Chief Inspector must—agive advice to the Assembly on such matters connected with training falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b) as may be specified in the Assembly's request;binspect and report on such one or more relevant training providers as may be so specified.3The Chief Inspector may at any time give advice to—athe Assembly,bthe Commission for Tertiary Education and Research, orcthe General Teaching Council for Wales,on any matter connected with training falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b).4The Chief Inspector may—amake such reports of inspections carried out by him under this section as he considers appropriate, andbarrange for any such report to be published in such manner as he considers appropriate,and subsections (2) to (4) of section 29 of the 2005 Act (publication of inspection reports) apply in relation to the publication of any such report as they apply in relation to the publication of a report under any of the provisions mentioned in subsection (2) of that section.5When inspecting a training provider under this section, the Chief Inspector has at all reasonable times—aa right of entry to the premises of the training provider, andba right to inspect, and take copies of, any records kept by the training provider, and any other documents containing information relating to the training provider, which he considers relevant to the exercise of his functions under this section;and section 58 of the 2005 Act (inspection of computer records) applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of Part 1 of the 2005 Act.6Without prejudice to subsection (5), a training provider to which an inspection under this section relates—amust give the Chief Inspector all assistance in connection with the exercise of his functions under this section which he is reasonably able to give, andbmust secure that all such assistance is also given by persons who work for the training provider.7The Chief Inspector may not carry out any inspection under subsection (1) unless—aat least eight weeks previously, he has given notice of his intention to carry out the inspection—ito the training provider concerned, oriiwhere the training is provided by a partnership or association of training providers, to one of those training providers, orbwith the agreement of that training provider or (as the case may be) one of those training providers, he has given it shorter notice of that intention.8Any notice under subsection (7)—amust be given in writing, andbmay be sent by post;and any such notice may (without prejudice to any other lawful method of giving it) be addressed to a training provider at any address which the training provider has notified to the Commission for Tertiary Education and Research as its address.9Nothing in this section confers any right or imposes any duty, whether as regards the carrying out of any inspection or otherwise, in relation to any course which consists of instruction given wholly or mainly for purposes other than training falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b).10Any reference in this section to the Chief Inspector is to be read, in relation to any inspection which he is authorised or required to carry out under this section, as including a reference to any person authorised to act on his behalf under paragraph 5(1) or (2) of Schedule 2 to the 2005 Act.11Nothing in this section is to be taken as prejudicing the generality of sections 20 to 23 of, or paragraph 5(1) or (2) of Schedule 2 to, the 2005 Act.12In this section—a“the 2005 Act” means the Education Act 2005;b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .c“training provider” has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the 2005 Act;d“relevant training provider” means any training provider who provides training falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b);e“in-service training” includes any training provided to a teacher serving an induction period (within the meaning of section 19 of the Teaching and Higher Education Act 1998);f“documents” and “records” each include information recorded in any form.191. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Expressions used in this Part and in the Education Act 1996, have the same meaning in this Part as in that Act.Part II201In this Part a “students’ union” means—aan association of the generality of students at an establishment to which this Part applies whose principal purposes include promoting the general interests of its members as students; orba representative body (whether an association or not) whose principal purposes include representing the generality of students at an establishment to which this Part applies in academic, disciplinary or other matters relating to the government of the establishment.2References in this Part to a students’ union include an association or body which would fall within subsection (1) if for the references to the generality of students at the establishment there were substituted a reference to—athe generality of undergraduate students, or graduate students, at the establishment; orbthe generality of students at a particular hall of residence of the establishment.3References in this Part to a students’ union include an association or body which consists wholly or mainly of—aconstituent or affiliated associations or bodies which are themselves students’ unions within subsection (1) or (2), orbrepresentatives of such constituent or affiliated associations,and which fulfils the functions of a students’ union within subsection (1) or (2) in relation to students at an establishment to which this Part applies.4An association or body may be a students’ union within the meaning of this Part in relation to more than one establishment but not in relation to establishments generally in the United Kingdom or a part of the United Kingdom.5References in this section to an association of the generality of students, or of any description of students, include—aany association which the generality of students, or of students of that description, may join, whether or not it has in membership a majority of them, andbany association which would fall within paragraph (a) if the references there to students were confined to full-time students;and references to a representative body whose principal purposes include representing the generality of students, or of any description of students, shall be similarly construed.211The establishments in England and Wales to which this Part applies are—zaany registered higher education provider of a description prescribed by regulations made for the purposes of section 39(1) of the Higher Education and Research Act 2017;aany university receiving financial support under section 65 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992;bany institution in Wales conducted by a higher education corporation or further education corporation within the meaning of that Act;baany sixth form college;cany institution designated under section 129 of the Education Reform Act 1988 ...;dany institution designated under section 28 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 as eligible to receive support from funds administered by a further education funding council;daany institution in Wales designated under section 28 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992;eany institution substantially dependent on financial support under section 6(5) of that Act (certain institutions providing facilities for part-time, or adult, further education);fany institution designated, or of a description designated, by order of the Secretary of State;gany college, school or hall in an establishment within any of the above paragraphs.2The establishments in Scotland to which this Part applies are—aany institution within the higher education sector for the purposes of section 56(2) of the Further and Higher Education (Scotland) Act 1992;bany college of further education (within the meaning of section 36(1) of that Act), the board of management of which is established in pursuance of Part 1 of that Act;cany central institution within the meaning of section 135(1) of the Education (Scotland) Act 1980;dany institution designated, or of a description designated, by order of the Secretary of State.2AFor the purposes of subsection (1)(b), institution in Wales means an institution whose activities are wholly or mainly carried out in Wales.3For the purposes of subsection (1)(e) an institution is substantially dependent on financial support under section 6(5) of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 in any year in which such support amounts to 25 per cent. or more of its income.For this purpose “year” means an accounting year of the institution, and “income” means receipts of any description, including capital receipts.4In subsection (1)(g) “college” includes any institution in the nature of a college.5References in this Part to the governing body of an establishment are to the executive governing body which has responsibility for the conduct of affairs of the establishment and the management and administration of its revenue and property.221The governing body of every establishment to which this Part applies shall take such steps as are reasonably practicable to secure that any students’ union for students at the establishment operates in a fair and democratic manner and is accountable for its finances.2The governing body shall in particular take such steps as are reasonably practicable to secure that the following requirements are observed by or in relation to any students’ union for students at the establishment—athe union should have a written constitution;bthe provisions of the constitution should be subject to the approval of the governing body and to review by that body at intervals of not more than five years;ca student should have the right—inot to be a member of the union, oriiin the case of a representative body which is not an association, to signify that he does not wish to be represented by it,and students who exercise that right should not be unfairly disadvantaged, with regard to the provision of services or otherwise, by reason of their having done so;dappointment to major union offices should be by election in a secret ballot in which all members are entitled to vote;ethe governing body should satisfy themselves that the elections are fairly and properly conducted;fa person should not hold sabbatical union office, or paid elected union office, for more than two years in total at the establishment;gthe financial affairs of the union should be properly conducted and appropriate arrangements should exist for the approval of the union’s budget, and the monitoring of its expenditure, by the governing body;hfinancial reports of the union should be published annually or more frequently, and should be made available to the governing body and to all students, and each such report should contain, in particular—ia list of the external organisations to which the union has made donations in the period to which the report relates, andiidetails of those donations;ithe procedure for allocating resources to groups or clubs should be fair and should be set down in writing and freely accessible to all students;jif the union decides to affiliate to an external organisation, it should publish notice of its decision stating—ithe name of the organisation, andiidetails of any subscription or similar fee paid or proposed to be paid, and of any donation made or proposed to be made, to the organisation,and any such notice should be made available to the governing body and to all students;kwhere the union is affiliated to any external organisations, a report should be published annually or more frequently containing—ia list of the external organisations to which the union is currently affiliated, andiidetails of subscriptions or similar fees paid, or donations made, to such organisations in the past year (or since the last report),and such reports should be made available to the governing body and to all students;lthere should be procedures for the review of affiliations to external organisations under which—ithe current list of affiliations is submitted for approval by members annually or more frequently, andiiat such intervals of not more than a year as the governing body may determine, a requisition may be made by such proportion of members (not exceeding 5 per cent.) as the governing body may determine, that the question of continued affiliation to any particular organisation be decided upon by a secret ballot in which all members are entitled to vote;mthere should be a complaints procedure available to all students or groups of students who—iare dissatisfied in their dealings with the union, oriiclaim to be unfairly disadvantaged by reason of their having exercised the right referred to in paragraph (c)(i) or (ii) above,which should include provision for an independent person appointed by the governing body to investigate and report on complaints;ncomplaints should be dealt with promptly and fairly and where a complaint is upheld there should be an effective remedy.3The governing body of every establishment to which this Part applies shall for the purposes of this section prepare and issue, and when necessary revise, a code of practice as to the manner in which the requirements set out above are to be carried into effect in relation to any students’ union for students at the establishment, setting out in relation to each of the requirements details of the arrangements made to secure its observance.4The governing body of every establishment to which this Part applies shall as regards any students’ union for students at the establishment bring to the attention of all students, at least once a year—athe code of practice currently in force under subsection (3),bany restrictions imposed on the activities of the union by the law relating to charities, andcwhere the establishment is one to which section 43 of the Education (No.2) Act 1986 applies (freedom of speech in universities and colleges), the provisions of that section, and of any code of practice issued under it, relevant to the activities or conduct of the union.5The governing body of every establishment to which this Part applies shall bring to the attention of all students, at least once a year, and shall include in any information which is generally made available to persons considering whether to become students at the establishment—ainformation as to the right referred to in subsection (2)(c)(i) and (ii), andbdetails of any arrangements it has made for services of a kind which a students’ union at the establishment provides for its members to be provided for students who are not members of the union.6In subsections (2), (4) and (5) the expression “all students” shall be construed as follows—ain relation to an association or body which is a students’ union by virtue of section 20(1), the reference is to all students at the establishment;bin relation to an association or body which is a students’ union by virtue of section 20(2), the reference is to all undergraduate, or all graduate, students at the establishment or to all students at the hall of residence in question, as the case may be;cin relation to an association or body which is a students’ union by virtue of section 20(3), the reference is to all the students who by virtue of section 20(1) or (2) are comprehended by that expression in relation to its constituent or affiliated associations or bodies.7In this section the expression “members”, in relation to a representative body which is not an association, means those whom it is the purpose of the union to represent, excluding any student who has exercised the right referred to in subsection (2)(c)(ii).8In subsection (2)(j) to (l) the references to affiliation to an external organisation, in relation to a students’ union for students at an establishment, include any form of membership of, or formal association with, an organisation whose purposes are not confined to purposes connected with that establishment.9Subsection (2)(d) and (l)(ii) (elections and affiliations: requirements to hold secret ballot of all members) do not apply in the case of an open or distance learning establishment, that is, an establishment where the students, or the great majority of them, are provided with materials for private study and are not required to attend the establishment to any significant extent or at all.Part III231Any power of the Secretary of State to make orders under ... II shall be exercised by statutory instrument which shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.2Orders under ... II may make different provision for different cases, circumstances or areas and may contain such incidental, supplementary or transitional provisions as the Secretary of State thinks fit.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24The enactments specified in Schedule 2 are amended in accordance with that Schedule, the amendments being consequential on the provisions of this Act.251The following provisions of this Act extend to England and Wales—Part I (teacher training),Part II (students’ unions),the provisions of Schedule 2 (consequential amendments) so far as relating to enactments which extend to England and Wales,the other provisions of this Part so far as relating to the above provisions.2The following provisions of this Act extend to Scotland—Part II (students’ unions),the provisions of Schedule 2 (consequential amendments) so far as relating to enactments which extend to Scotland,the other provisions of this Part so far as relating to the above provisions.3The following provisions of this Act extend to Northern Ireland—the provisions of Schedule 2 (consequential amendments) so far as relating to enactments which extend to Northern Ireland,the other provisions of this Part so far as relating to the above provisions.26The provisions of this Act come into force on such day as the Secretary of State may appoint by order made by statutory instrument; and different days may be appointed for different provisions and for different purposes.271This Act may be cited as the Education Act 1994.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SCHEDULE 1Section 2(5).1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SCHEDULE 2Section 24.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2In section 4 of the Education Act 1962 (awards &c .by local education authorities and Secretary of State: supplementary provisions), after subsection (1) insert—1AIn those sections any reference to an institution other than a university or college includes a reference to an institution providing a course which qualifies for funding under Part I of the Education Act 1994..3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 is amended as follows.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3After section 23C (discrimination by Funding Agency for Schools or Schools Funding Council for Wales) insert—23DIt is unlawful for the Teacher Training Agency in carrying out their functions under Part I of the Education Act 1994 to do any act which constitutes sex discrimination..4In section 25 (general duty in public sector of education)—a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bafter subsection (6)(e) insert—fthe Teacher Training Agency..61The Race Relations Act 1976 is amended as follows.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3After section 18C (discrimination by Funding Agency for Schools or Schools Funding Council for Wales) insert—18DIt is unlawful for the Teacher Training Agency in carrying out their functions under Part I of the Education Act 1994 to do any act which constitutes racial discrimination..4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7In section 1 of the Education (Fees and Awards) Act 1983 (regulations as to fees payable by foreign students), in subsection (3) (institutions to which the section applies) after paragraph (d) insert—eany institution eligible for funding under Part I of the Education Act 1994 (teacher training)..81. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9In section 1 of the Education (Student Loans) Act 1990 (loans for students of certain institutions), in subsection (3)(a) (meaning of “institutions receiving support from public funds”), after “institutions receiving grants under section 65 of the Further and Higher Education Act 1992” insert “ or under section 5 of the Education Act 1994 ”.101The Further and Higher Education Act 1992 is amended as follows.2In section 70(1)(a) (assessment by higher education funding councils of quality of education provided by institutions), omit “under this Part of this Act”.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .For extent see s.25Act extended (16.7.1998) by 1998 c. 30, s. 26(11) (with s. 42(8)).Act applied (1.6.2001) by S.I. 2001/1507, reg. 2, Sch. 2 para. 2Act (except ss. 2, 3(2), 17 and Sch. 1 and functions relating to the Teacher Training Agency other than so far as functions are conferred by s. 1(3)): certain functions transferred (1.7.1999) by S.I. 1999/672, art. 2, Sch.1S. 11A and crossheading inserted (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 582(1), 583(2), Sch. 37 Pt. I para.126 (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).S. 12 extended (21.9.1994) by S.I. 1994/2247, art. 2.S. 12 explained (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 177(1), 583(2) (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).S. 12 explained (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 294(1), 583(2) (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).S. 18(1)(a) repealed (1.9.1999) by 1998 c. 31, s. 140(3), Sch.31 (with ss. 138(9), 144(6)); S.I. 1999/2323, art. 2(1), Sch.1.1992 c. 13. S.I. 1975/1092. S.I. 1981/1086. S. 18A inserted (1.10.1998) by 1998 c. 30, s. 20 (with s. 42(8)); S.I. 1998/2215, art. 2.Words in s. 19(5) substituted (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 582(1), 583(2), Sch. 37 Pt. I para. 128(b) (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).1992 c. 13. 1988 c. 40. 1992 c. 13. 1992 c. 37. 1980 c. 44. 1992 c. 13. S. 22 wholly in force at 1.4.1995: s. 22 not in force at Royal Assent see s. 26; s. 22(1)(2)(6)-(9) in force at 21.9.1994 and s. 22(3)-(5) in force at 1.4.1995 by S.I. 1994/2204, art.2(2).1986 c. 61. S. 26 power fully exercised (23.8.1994): 21.9.1994 appointed for the commencement of the whole Act by S.I. 1994/2204 with the exception of s. 22(3)-(5) for which 1.4.1995 is appointed.S. 27(2) repealed (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 582(2), 583(2), Sch. 38 Pt.I (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).Sch. 2 para. 5(2) repealed (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 582(2), 583(2), Sch. 38 Pt.I (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).Sch. 2 para. 5(4)(a) repealed (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 582(2), 583(2), Sch. 38 Pt.I (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).Sch. 2 para. 6(2) repealed (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 582(2), 583(2), Sch. 38 Pt. I (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39).Sch. 2 para. 6(4) repealed (2.4.2001 subject to art. 2(2) of the commencing S.I.) by 2000 c. 34, s. 9(2), Sch. 3 (with s. 10(5)); S.I. 2001/566, art. 2Sch. 2 para. 8(1)(5) repealed (11.9.1998) by 1998 c. 18, ss. 54(3), 55(2), Sch.5.Sch. 2 para. 10(3) repealed (1.9.1996) by 1996 c. 50, s. 10, Sch.4; S.I. 1996/2022, art.2.Act applied (E.W.) (1.4.2005) by The Central Sussex College (Government) Regulations 2005 (S.I. 2005/397), Sch. 2 para. 2Act modified (7.4.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 96(2)Ss. 1-11 repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 14 para. 11, Sch. 19 Pt. 3Ss. 12-17 repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 14 para. 12, Sch. 19 Pt. 3 Ss. 18B-18C substituted (1.9.2005) for s. 18A by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 14 para. 13Sch. 1 repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 14 para. 15, Sch. 19 Pt. 3Word in s. 19(5) substituted (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 14 para. 14(b)S. 19(1)-(4) repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 14 para. 14(a), Sch. 19 Pt. 3Words in s. 23(1)(2) repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(b), Sch. 19 Pt. 3S. 23(3) repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(b), Sch. 19 Pt. 3Sch. 2 para. 1 repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(b), Sch. 19 Pt. 3Sch. 2 para. 3 repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(b), Sch. 19 Pt. 3Sch. 2 para. 4 repealed (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(b), Sch. 19 Pt. 3S. 18B modified (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 15 para. 5S. 18C modified (1.9.2005) by Education Act 2005 (c. 18), s. 125(3)(a), Sch. 15 para. 5 Education Acts modified (temp.) (1.4.2007) by Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40), s. 188(3), Sch. 6 para. 3(3); S.I. 2007/935, art. 5(bb)Words in s. 18B(1) substituted (1.4.2007) by Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40), s. 188(3), Sch. 14 para. 19(2); S.I. 2007/935, art. 5(gg)S. 18B(2) substituted (1.4.2007) by Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40), s. 188(3), Sch. 14 para. 19(3); S.I. 2007/935, art. 5(gg)S. 18B(3)(a) repealed (1.4.2007) by Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40), s. 188(3), Sch. 14 para. 19(4), Sch. 18 Pt. 5; S.I. 2007/935, art. 5(gg)(ii)Words in s. 18B(4) repealed (1.4.2007) by Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40), s. 188(3), Sch. 14 para. 19(5), Sch. 18 Pt. 5; S.I. 2007/935, art. 5(gg)(ii)Words in s. 18B(10) substituted (1.4.2007) by Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40), s. 188(3), Sch. 14 para. 19(6); S.I. 2007/935, art. 5(gg)Words in s. 18B(11) substituted (1.4.2007) by Education and Inspections Act 2006 (c. 40), s. 188(3), Sch. 14 para. 19(7); S.I. 2007/935, art. 5(gg)Sch. 2 para. 8(2)-(4) repealed (1.11.1996) by 1996 c. 56, ss. 582(2), 583(2), Sch. 38 Pt. I (with ss. 1(4), 561, 562, Sch. 39) and Sch. 2, para. 8(4) is expressed to be repealed (1.8.2003 for E., 2.1.2008 for W.) by Education Act 2002 (c. 32), s. 216(4), Sch. 22 Pt. 3 (with ss. 210(8), 214(4)); S.I. 2003/1667, art. 3; S.I. 2007/3611, art. 4(1), Sch. Pt. 1Words in s. 18B(7) inserted (26.1.2009) by Education and Skills Act 2008 (c. 25), ss. 164, 173(2)(c)S. 21(1)(ba) inserted (1.4.2010) by The Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Act 2009 (Consequential Amendments) (England and Wales) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/1080), art. 1(2)(a), Sch. 1 para. 95 (with art. 2(3))Act excluded (1.7.2004 for E., 31.3.2011 for W.) by Higher Education Act 2004 (c. 8), ss. 29(3), 52(1); S.I. 2011/297, art. 4(a)S. 11A repealed (1.4.2012) by Education Act 2011 (c. 21), s. 82(3), Sch. 5 para. 7; S.I. 2012/924, art. 2Words in s. 18B(3)(8) substituted (1.4.2012) by Education Act 2011 (c. 21), s. 82(3), Sch. 5 para. 8; S.I. 2012/924, art. 2S. 18B(3)(c) and word omitted (1.4.2012) by virtue of Education Act 2011 (c. 21), s. 82(3), Sch. 2 para. 18; S.I. 2012/924, art. 2S. 20 modified (W.) (1.9.2013) by The Operation of the Local Curriculum (Wales) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1793), regs. 1(1), 3(c)S. 22 modified (W.) (1.9.2013) by The Operation of the Local Curriculum (Wales) Regulations 2013 (S.I. 2013/1793), regs. 1(1), 3(c)Words in s. 21(2)(b) substituted (S.) (10.10.2013) by Post-16 Education (Scotland) Act 2013 (asp 12), s. 23(2), sch. para. 3; S.S.I. 2013/281, art. 2, sch.Words in s. 18(1) substituted (1.4.2018) by Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (c. 29), s. 124(5), Sch. 11 para. 27(2); S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)Words in s. 18(4) substituted (1.4.2018) by Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (c. 29), s. 124(5), Sch. 11 para. 27(3)(a); S.I. 2018/241, reg. 2(s)Words in s. 21(1)(b) inserted (1.8.2019) by The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (Further Implementation etc.) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1027), regs. 1, 6(2)(b)S. 21(1)(za) inserted (1.8.2019) by The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (Further Implementation etc.) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1027), regs. 1, 6(2)(a)S. 21(2A) inserted (1.8.2019) by The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 (Further Implementation etc.) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/1027), regs. 1, 6(3)Words in s. 18(1) omitted (1.8.2024) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(2)(a)(i) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)Words in s. 18(1) substituted (1.8.2024) by Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(2)(a)(ii) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)Words in s. 18(4) omitted (1.8.2024) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(2)(b)(i) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)Words in s. 18(4) substituted (1.8.2024) by Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(2)(b)(ii) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)S. 18C(12)(b) omitted (1.8.2024) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(3)(b) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)S. 18C(3)(b) substituted (1.8.2024) by Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(3)(a) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)Words in s. 18C(8) substituted (1.8.2024) by The Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2024 (S.I. 2024/803), regs. 1(2), 4(2)S. 21(1)(da) inserted (W.) (1.8.2024) by Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(4)(a)(iv) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)Words in s. 21(2A) substituted (W.) (1.8.2024) by Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(4)(b) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)Words in s. 21(1)(c) omitted (W.) (1.8.2024) by virtue of Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022 (asc 1), s. 148(2), Sch. 4 para. 7(4)(a)(iii) (with s. 19); S.I. 2024/806, art. 2(k)(v) (with art. 28)