Section 19.
1(1)Where—
(a)the value of a supply made by a taxable person for a consideration in money is (apart from this paragraph) less than its open market value, and
(b)the person making the supply and the person to whom it is made are connected, and
(c)if the supply is a taxable supply, the person to whom the supply is made is not entitled under sections 25 and 26 to credit for all the VAT on the supply,
the Commissioners may direct that the value of the supply shall be taken to be its open market value.
(2)A direction under this paragraph shall be given by notice in writing to the person making the supply, but no direction may be given more than 3 years after the time of the supply.
(3)A direction given to a person under this paragraph in respect of a supply made by him may include a direction that the value of any supply—
(a)which is made by him after the giving of the notice, or after such later date as may be specified in the notice, and
(b)as to which the conditions in paragraphs (a) to (c) of sub-paragraph (1) above are satisfied,
shall be taken to be its open market value.
(4)For the purposes of this paragraph any question whether a person is connected with another shall be determined in accordance with section 839 of the Taxes Act.
(5)This paragraph does not apply to a supply to which paragraph 10 below applies.
2Where—
(a)the whole or part of a business carried on by a taxable person consists in supplying to a number of persons goods to be sold, whether by them or others, by retail, and
(b)those persons are not taxable persons,
the Commissioners may by notice in writing to the taxable person direct that the value of any such supply by him after the giving of the notice or after such later date as may be specified in the notice shall be taken to be its open market value on a sale by retail.
3(1)Where—
(a)any goods whose supply involves their removal to the United Kingdom—
(i)are charged in connection with their removal to the United Kingdom with a duty of excise; or
(ii)on that removal are subject, in accordance with any provision for the time being having effect for transitional purposes in connection with the accession of any State to the European Communities, to any Community customs duty or agricultural levy of the European Community; or
(b)the time of supply of any dutiable goods, or of any goods which comprise a mixture of dutiable goods and other goods, is determined under section 18(4) to be the duty point,
then the value of the supply shall be taken for the purposes of this Act to be the sum of its value apart from this paragraph and the amount, so far as not already included in that value, of the duty or, as the case may be, agricultural levy which has been or is to be paid in respect of the goods.
(2)In this paragraph“dutiable goods” and“duty point” have the same meanings as in section 18.
4(1)Where goods or services are supplied for a consideration in money and on terms allowing a discount for prompt payment, the consideration shall be taken for the purposes of section 19 as reduced by the discount, whether or not payment is made in accordance with those terms.
(2)This paragraph does not apply where the terms include any provision for payment by instalments.
5Where a right to receive goods or services for an amount stated on any token, stamp or voucher is granted for a consideration, the consideration shall be disregarded for the purposes of this Act except to the extent (if any) that it exceeds that amount.
6(1)Where there is a supply of goods by virtue of—
(a)a Treasury order under section 5(5); or
(b)paragraph 5(1) or 6 of Schedule 4 but otherwise than for a consideration); or
(c)paragraph 8 of that Schedule,
then, except where paragraph 10 below applies, the value of the supply shall be determined as follows.
(2)The value of the supply shall be taken to be—
(a)such consideration in money as would be payable by the person making the supply if he were, at the time of the supply, to purchase goods identical in every respect (including age and condition) to the goods concerned; or
(b)where the value cannot be ascertained in accordance with paragraph (a) above, such consideration in money as would be payable by that person if he were, at that time, to purchase goods similar to, and of the same age and condition as, the goods concerned; or
(c)where the value can be ascertained in accordance with neither paragraph (a) nor paragraph (b) above, the cost of producing the goods concerned if they were produced at that time.
(3)For the purposes of sub-paragraph (2) above the amount of consideration in money that would be payable by any person if he were to purchase any goods shall be taken to be the amount that would be so payable after the deduction of any amount included in the purchase price in respect of VAT on the supply of the goods to that person.
7Where there is a supply of services by virtue of—
(a)a Treasury order under section 5(4); or
(b)paragraph 5(3) of Schedule 4 (but otherwise than for a consideration),
the value of the supply shall be taken to be the full cost to the taxable person of providing the services except where paragraph 10 below applies.
8Where any supply of services is treated by virtue of section 8 as made by the person by whom they are received, the value of the supply shall be taken—
(a)in a case where the consideration for which the services were in fact supplied to him was a consideration in money, to be such amount as is equal to that consideration; and
(b)in a case where that consideration did not consist or not wholly consist of money, to be such amount in money as is equivalent to that consideration.
9(1)This paragraph applies where a supply of services consists in the provision of accommodation falling within paragraph (d) of Item 1 of Group 1 in Schedule 9 and—
(a)that provision is made to an individual for a period exceeding 4 weeks; and
(b)throughout that period the accommodation is provided for the use of the individual either alone or together with one or more other persons who occupy the accommodation with him otherwise than at their own expense (whether incurred directly or indirectly).
(2)Where this paragraph applies—
(a)the value of so much of the supply as is in excess of 4 weeks shall be taken to be reduced to such part thereof as is attributable to facilities other than the right to occupy the accommodation; and
(b)that part shall be taken to be not less than 20 per cent.
10(1)This paragraph applies to a supply of goods or services, whether or not for a consideration, which is made by an employer and consists of—
(a)the provision in the course of catering of food or beverages to his employees, or
(b)the provision of accommodation for his employees in a hotel, inn, boarding house or similar establishment.
(2)The value of a supply to which this paragraph applies shall be taken to be nil unless the supply is for a consideration consisting wholly or partly of money, and in that case its value shall be determined without regard to any consideration other than money.
11(1)Subject to the following provisions of this paragraph, where—
(a)there is a supply of goods or services; and
(b)any sum relevant for determining the value of the supply is expressed in a currency other than sterling,
then, for the purpose of valuing the supply, that sum is to be converted into sterling at the market rate which, on the relevant day, would apply in the United Kingdom to a purchase with sterling by the person to whom they are supplied of that sum in the currency in question.
(2)Where the Commissioners have published a notice which, for the purposes of this paragraph, specifies—
(a)rates of exchange; or
(b)methods of determining rates of exchange,
a rate specified in or determined in accordance with the notice, as for the time being in force, shall apply (instead of the rate for which sub-paragraph (1) above provides) in the case of any supply by a person who opts, in such manner as may be allowed by the Commissioners, for the use of that rate in relation to that supply.
(3)An option for the purposes of sub-paragraph (2) above for the use of a particular rate or method of determining a rate—
(a)shall not be exercised by any person except in relation to all such supplies by him as are of a particular description or after a particular date; and
(b)shall not be withdrawn or varied except with the consent of the Commissioners and in such manner as they may require.
(4)In specifying a method of determining a rate of exchange a notice published by the Commissioners under sub-paragraph (2) above may allow a person to apply to the Commissioners for the use, for the purpose of valuing some or all of his supplies, of a rate of exchange which is different from any which would otherwise apply.
(5)On an application made in accordance with provision contained in a notice under sub-paragraph (4) above, the Commissioners may authorise the use with respect to the applicant of such a rate of exchange, in such circumstances, in relation to such supplies and subject to such conditions as they think fit.
(6)A notice published by the Commissioners for the purposes of this paragraph may be withdrawn or varied by a subsequent notice published by the Commissioners.
(7)The time by reference to which the appropriate rate of exchange is to be determined for the purpose of valuing any supply is the time when the supply takes place; and, accordingly, the day on which it takes place is the relevant day for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) above.
12Regulations may require that in prescribed circumstances there is to be taken into account, as constituting part of the consideration for the purposes of section 19(2) (where it would not otherwise be so taken into account), money paid in respect of the supply by persons other than those to whom the supply is made.
13A direction under paragraph 1 or 2 above may be varied or withdrawn by the Commissioners by a further direction given by notice in writing.