<Legislation xmlns="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40" NumberOfProvisions="499" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation http://www.legislation.gov.uk/schema/legislation.xsd" SchemaVersion="1.0" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I." RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><ukm:Metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:ukm="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/metadata">
					<dc:identifier>http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202</dc:identifier><dc:title>Education Reform Act 1988</dc:title><dc:description>An Act to amend the law relating to education.</dc:description><dc:date>1988-07-29</dc:date><dc:type>text</dc:type><dc:format>text/xml</dc:format><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:publisher>Statute Law Database</dc:publisher><dc:modified>2026-04-24</dc:modified><dc:contributor>Expert Participation</dc:contributor><dct:valid>2026-04-01</dct:valid>
					
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Reform Act 1988</ukm:AffectedTitle><ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:SectionRange Start="section-128-1A" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/128/1A" FoundStart="section-128" End="section-128-1C" UpTo="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/128/1C" FoundEnd="section-128" MissingEnd="true"><ukm:Section Ref="section-128-1A" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/128/1A" FoundRef="section-128">s. 128(1A)</ukm:Section>-<ukm:Section Ref="section-128-1C" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/128/1C" FoundRef="section-128">(1C)</ukm:Section></ukm:SectionRange></ukm:AffectedProvisions><ukm:AffectingTitle>Tertiary Education and Research (Wales) Act 2022</ukm:AffectingTitle><ukm:AffectingTitle xml:lang="cy">Deddf Addysg Drydyddol ac Ymchwil (Cymru) 2022</ukm:AffectingTitle><ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="section-139-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2022/1/section/139/3">s. 139(3)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Savings><ukm:Section Ref="section-19" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2022/1/section/19">s. 19</ukm:Section></ukm:Savings><ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:Section Ref="section-148-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2022/1/section/148/2">s. 148(2)</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:InForceDates><ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/></ukm:InForceDates></ukm:UnappliedEffect><ukm:UnappliedEffect URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-3cb79b1937e3455229ba18eb85acc3b2" Row="22" AffectingYear="2022" Modified="2026-03-11T16:08:21Z" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2022/1" AffectedYear="1988" AffectingProvisions="s. 139(6)" Type="inserted" AffectedURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40" AffectingEffectsExtent="E+W" AffectingNumber="1" RequiresApplied="true" AffectingClass="WelshParliamentAct" 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2022</ukm:AffectingTitle><ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="section-139-6" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2022/1/section/139/6">s. 139(6)</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:Savings><ukm:Section Ref="section-19" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2022/1/section/19">s. 19</ukm:Section></ukm:Savings><ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:Section Ref="section-148-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/asc/2022/1/section/148/2">s. 148(2)</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:InForceDates><ukm:InForce Applied="false" Prospective="true" Qualification=""/></ukm:InForceDates></ukm:UnappliedEffect><ukm:UnappliedEffect AffectingEffectsExtent="S+A+M+E+A+S+A+F+F+E+C+T+E+D" Type="omitted" Modified="2019-09-19T16:12:06Z" RequiresApplied="false" AffectedExtent="E+W" AffectingClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2011/21" AffectedClass="UnitedKingdomPublicGeneralAct" AffectingProvisions="Sch. 16 para. 8" 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</ukm:Section><ukm:Section Ref="schedule-16-paragraph-8" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2011/21/schedule/16/paragraph/8">para. 8</ukm:Section></ukm:AffectingProvisions><ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:Section Ref="section-82-3" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/2011/21/section/82/3">s. 82(3)</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencementAuthority><ukm:InForceDates><ukm:InForce Prospective="true" Qualification=""/><ukm:InForce CommencingURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/924" CommencingClass="UnitedKingdomStatutoryInstrument" Date="2012-04-01" Qualification="wholly in force" CommencingYear="2012" CommencingNumber="924" Comments="Schedule 16"><ukm:CommencingProvisions><ukm:Section Ref="article-2" URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/uksi/2012/924/article/2">art. 2</ukm:Section></ukm:CommencingProvisions></ukm:InForce></ukm:InForceDates></ukm:UnappliedEffect><ukm:UnappliedEffect URI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/effect/key-d35408b9efd6d54ea498bfcf4236eac3" 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				</ukm:Metadata><Primary><Body DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/body" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/body" NumberOfProvisions="259" RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><Part DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/part/IV" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/part/IV" NumberOfProvisions="43" id="part-IV" RestrictExtent="E+W+S+N.I." RestrictStartDate="2026-04-01"><Number>Part IV</Number><Title> Miscellaneous and General</Title><Pblock DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/part/IV/crossheading/academic-tenure" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/part/IV/crossheading/academic-tenure" NumberOfProvisions="7" id="part-IV-crossheading-academic-tenure" RestrictStartDate="2005-01-01"><Title> Academic tenure</Title><P1group RestrictExtent="E+W+S" RestrictStartDate="2005-01-01"><Title> The University Commissioners.</Title><P1 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202" id="section-202"><Pnumber>202</Pnumber><P1para><P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/1" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/1" id="section-202-1"><Pnumber>1</Pnumber><P2para><Text>There shall be a body of Commissioners known as the University Commissioners (in this section and sections 203 to 207 of this Act referred to as “<Term id="term-the-commissioners">the Commissioners</Term>”) who shall exercise, in accordance with subsection (2) below, in relation to qualifying institutions, the functions assigned to them by those sections.</Text></P2para></P2><P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2" id="section-202-2"><Pnumber>2</Pnumber><P2para><Text>In exercising those functions, the Commissioners shall have regard to the need—</Text><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2/a" id="section-202-2-a"><Pnumber>a</Pnumber><P3para><Text>to ensure that academic staff have freedom within the law to question and test received wisdom, and to put forward new ideas and controversial or unpopular opinions, without placing themselves in jeopardy of losing their jobs or privileges they may have at their institutions;</Text></P3para></P3><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2/b" id="section-202-2-b"><Pnumber>b</Pnumber><P3para><Text>to enable qualifying institutions to provide education, promote learning and engage in research efficiently and economically; and</Text></P3para></P3><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/2/c" id="section-202-2-c"><Pnumber>c</Pnumber><P3para><Text>to apply the principles of justice and fairness.</Text></P3para></P3></P2para></P2><P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3" id="section-202-3"><Pnumber>3</Pnumber><P2para><Text>The following are qualifying institutions for the purposes of this section and sections 203 to 206 of this Act, namely—</Text><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3/a" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3/a" id="section-202-3-a"><Pnumber>a</Pnumber><P3para><Text>any university or other institution to which, during the period of three years beginning 1st August 1987, grants in aid are or have been made by the Universities Funding Council, or by the Secretary of State acting on the advice of the University Grants Committee;</Text></P3para></P3><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3/b" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3/b" id="section-202-3-b"><Pnumber>b</Pnumber><P3para><Text>any constituent college, school or hall or other institution of a university falling within paragraph (a) above; and</Text></P3para></P3><P3 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3/c" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/3/c" id="section-202-3-c"><Pnumber>c</Pnumber><P3para><Text>any institution not falling within paragraph (a) above which is authorised by charter to grant degrees and to which, during the period of three years beginning 1st August 1987, grants are or have been made by the Secretary of State.</Text></P3para></P3></P2para></P2><P2 DocumentURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/4" IdURI="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/id/ukpga/1988/40/section/202/4" id="section-202-4"><Pnumber>4</Pnumber><P2para><Text>Schedule 11 to this Act shall have effect with respect to the Commissioners.</Text></P2para></P2></P1para></P1></P1group></Pblock></Part></Body></Primary></Legislation>