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PART IIPROVISIONS RELATING TO THE SCHEDULE A CHARGE AND THE ASSOCIATED SCHEDULE D CHARGES

General

21Persons chargeable

(1)Income tax under Schedule A shall be charged on and paid by the persons receiving or entitled to the profits or gains in respect of which tax under that Schedule is directed by the Income Tax Acts to be charged.

(2)Subsection (1) above does not apply for the purposes of the Corporation Tax Acts.

22Assessments

(1)The profits or gains arising to a person for any chargeable period which are assessable to tax under Schedule A may, if they arise from more than one source, be assessed in one or more assessments, and in the latter case, each assessment may relate to profits or gains from one or more sources.

(2)Subject to subsection (3) below, where an assessment to income tax under Schedule A for any year of assessment is made in that year—

(a)it shall be made on the basis that all sources of income and all amounts relevant in computing profits or gains are the same as for the last preceding year of assessment, and

(b)tax shall be leviable accordingly, but any necessary adjustments shall be made after the end of the year, whether by way of assessment, repayment of tax or otherwise, to secure that tax is charged by reference to the rents or receipts to which the person assessed becomes entitled in the year of assessment.

(3)If before the 1st January in any year a person delivers a statement in writing to the inspector—

(a)showing that since the beginning of the last preceding year of assessment he has ceased to possess one or more sources of income chargeable under Schedule A, and

(b)giving the aggregate of the rents and receipts relevant for the purposes of Schedule A to which he has become or is likely to become entitled in the current year (“the current aggregate”), and

(c)showing that the current aggregate is less than the aggregate of such rents and receipts to which he became entitled in the last preceding year (“the previous aggregate”), and that it would not have been less if he had not ceased to possess the said source or sources,

then, if the inspector is satisfied as to the correctness of the statement, an assessment made on that person in the current year shall be made on an amount which bears to the amount arrived at under subsection (2)(a) above the same proportion as the current aggregate bears to the previous aggregate, and subsection (2)(b) above shall apply accordingly.

23Collection from lessees and agents

(1)In any case where—

(a)any tax under Schedule A is charged in respect of profits or gains arising from any land to a person who is not the occupier of the land, and

(b)the tax is not paid by that person (“the person in default”),

the tax may be recovered in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(2)Subject to subsection (3) below, the collector may from time to time, by notice in such form as may be prescribed by the Board, require any lessee of the land or any part thereof whose interest is derived, directly or indirectly, from that held by the person in default, (a “derivative lessee”), to pay to him, on the date or dates specified in the notice, such sum or sums as may be required to satisfy the tax.

(3)The sum demanded from a derivative lessee to be paid during any period shall not exceed the amount of the rent or other payments arising out of the land which becomes due from him at the end of the period and payable to the person in default or to another derivative lessee.

(4)In default of payment by a derivative lessee of any amount duly demanded of him under subsection (2) above, that amount may be recovered from him in like manner as if he had been charged with tax of that amount.

(5)Where any sum on account of tax has been collected from a derivative lessee in pursuance of this section, he may deduct that sum from any subsequent payment arising and payable as mentioned in subsection (3) above, and shall be acquitted and discharged of the amount so deducted.

(6)Where under subsection (5) above, or under that subsection as applied by this subsection, a sum is deducted from an amount payable to another derivative lessee—

(a)that subsection shall apply as if the sum had been collected from him under a demand made under subsection (2) above by the collector; and

(b)where the amounts from which he is entitled, under subsection (5) above, to make deductions during the following 12 months are less than that sum, he shall be entitled to recover from the Board an amount equal to the difference, which shall be treated as reducing the tax recovered under the preceding provisions of this section.

(7)In any case where—

(a)rents or receipts from land are received by any person (“the agent”) on behalf of another (“the principal”), and

(b)any tax under Schedule A charged on the principal has not been paid,

the collector may by notice, in such form as may be prescribed by the Board, require the agent to pay to the collector in or towards the satisfaction of the tax any sums from time to time received by the agent on behalf of the principal on account of rents or receipts from any land (including any sums so received which are in his hands when the notice is given) until the liability in respect of the tax has been satisfied; and the agent shall pay all such sums over to the collector accordingly, and the payment shall acquit and discharge him as against the person on whose behalf he received them.

(8)If the agent fails to comply with the requirements of a notice duly served on him, he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding £50 for each failure, and non-compliance as respects sums in his hands when the notice is given, or as respects any one payment subsequently received by him, shall be treated as a separate failure.

24Construction of Part II

(1)In this Part, except where the context otherwise requires—

(2)For the purposes of this Part, any sum (other than rent) paid on or in connection with the granting of a tenancy shall be presumed to have been paid by way of premium except in so far as other sufficient consideration for the payment is shown to have been given.

(3)Where paragraph (c) of section 38(1) applies, the premium, or an appropriate part of the premium, payable for or in connection with either lease mentioned in that paragraph may be treated as having been required under the other.

(4)References in this section to a sum shall be construed as including the value of any consideration, and references to a sum paid or payable or to the payment of a sum shall be construed accordingly.

(5)In the application of this Part to Scotland—

(6)In Schedule A and in sections 25 to 31—

(a)references to a lease extend only to a lease conferring a right, as against the person whose interest is subject to the lease, to the possession of the premises;

(b)“rent” includes a payment by the tenant to defray the cost of work of maintenance of, or repairs to, the demised premises, not being work required by the lease to be carried out by the tenant; and

(c)“tenant’s repairing lease” means a lease where the tenant is under an obligation to maintain and repair the whole or substantially the whole of the premises comprised in the lease.

(7)For the purposes of Schedule A and sections 25 to 31, a lease shall be taken to be at a full rent if the rent reserved under the lease (including an appropriate sum in respect of any premium under the lease) is sufficient, taking one year with another, to defray the cost to the lessor of fulfilling his obligations under the lease and of meeting any expenses of maintenance, repairs, insurance and management of the premises subject to the lease which fall to be borne by him.

Deductions and other allowances

25Deductions from rent: general rules

(1)In computing for the purposes of Schedule A the profits or gains arising to a person (the “person chargeable”) in any chargeable period, the amounts of any permitted deductions shall be deducted from rent to which he becomes entitled under a lease in that period.

(2)In this section—

(3)There may be deducted from rent to which the person chargeable becomes entitled in a chargeable period the amount of any permitted deduction which became due in that period, or at an earlier time falling within the currency of the lease, in so far as the payment—

(a)was made in respect of the premises comprised in the lease, and

(b)in the case of a payment for maintenance or repairs, was incurred by reason of dilapidation attributable to a period falling within the currency of the lease or, in the case of any other payment, was incurred in respect of such a period.

(4)Where the person chargeable became the landlord after the lease began, references in subsection (3) above to the currency of the lease shall not include any time before he became the landlord.

(5)In the case of a lease at a full rent, subsection (3) above shall have effect as if references to the currency of the lease included any period (“a previous qualifying period”)—

(a)during which the person chargeable was the landlord in relation to a previous lease of the premises, being a lease at a full rent; or

(b)which was a void period beginning either with the termination of an earlier lease at a full rent of the premises or with the acquisition by the person chargeable of the interest in the premises giving him the right to possession thereof;

but a period shall not be a previous qualifying period if it preceded a period ending before the beginning of the lease which was not itself a previous qualifying period.

(6)Where during any period the conditions necessary for the period to be a previous qualifying period were fulfilled as respects part of the premises, but not the whole, the period shall be treated as a previous qualifying period as respects that part of the premises only, and subsection (5) above shall have effect accordingly, any necessary apportionment being made of rent, payments or other matters.

(7)In the case of a lease at a full rent, not being a tenant’s repairing lease, there may also be deducted the amount of any payment made in respect of other premises by the person chargeable—

(a)in so far as that amount could be deducted under subsections (3) and (5) above from rent to which he became entitled in the chargeable period under a lease of those other premises, being a lease at a full rent, or could be so deducted if that rent were not insufficient, or

(b)if any part of the chargeable period is, in respect of those other premises, a void period beginning with the termination of a lease at a full rent, in so far as the amount could be so deducted if the lease had continued until the end of the period.

(8)Where by reason of any change of circumstances a lease ceases to be, or becomes, a tenant’s repairing lease, or ceases to be, or becomes, a lease at a full rent, subsections (5) and (7) above shall apply in relation to the lease as it subsists after the change of circumstances as if it were a new lease granted when the change occurred.

(9)Where the person chargeable retains possession of a part of the premises and that part is used in common by persons respectively occupying other parts of the premises, this section shall apply as if a payment made in respect of the part used in common had been made in respect of those other parts.

26Deductions from rent: land managed as one estate

(1)Where this section applies to an estate for a chargeable period, the owner shall be treated—

(a)in relation to a part of the estate which for any portion of that period is not comprised in a lease under which he is the landlord, as if he were entitled under a lease of that part at a full rent (not being a tenant’s repairing lease) to rent for that portion, becoming due from day to day, at a rate per annum equal to the relevant annual value, and

(b)in relation to a part of the estate which for any portion of that period is comprised in a lease under which he is the landlord, not being a lease at a full rent, as if the lease were at a full rent, and as if the rent so far as it relates to that part were at a rate per annum not less than the relevant annual value;

and section 25 shall apply accordingly.

(2)In any case where subsection (1) above applies—

(a)a payment relating to premises comprised in the estate shall not be deductible from rent in respect of premises not so comprised; and

(b)paragraph (a) of that subsection shall not apply to premises occupied by the owner wholly and exclusively for purposes connected with the management of the estate or for the purposes of a trade, profession or vocation.

(3)This section shall apply to an estate if, at the end of the year 1962-63, the land comprised in the estate was managed as one estate and the owner for the time being of the estate by notice to the inspector so elects; but such an election—

(a)must be made within 12 months after the end of the first chargeable period for which the person making it became entitled to make it or such further time as the Board may allow;

(b)except in the case of the first election that can be made under this subsection or the first election made under section 73(2) of the 1970 Act, shall not have effect unless an election under this section has had effect as respects the immediately preceding ownership;

(c)shall apply in relation to the estate throughout the ownership of the person making it.

(4)Where in any chargeable period the estate comprises premises not included in it at the end of the year 1962-63, subsection (1) above (but not subsection (2)) shall apply in relation to the chargeable period as if the premises were not included in the estate in that period.

(5)Subsection (4) above shall not have effect in relation to any premises if—

(a)at the end of the year 1962-63 the owner of the remainder of the estate as then subsisting was entitled under trusts arising under a settlement or on an intestacy, or in Scotland, under a disposition by way of liferent and fee, to an interest such that, on the occurrence of some future event or events, he might become the owner of the premises in question, and

(b)before the end of that year, the premises and the remainder of the estate, as then subsisting, were together managed as one estate.

(6)In this section—

27Deductions from rent: maintenance funds for historic buildings

(1)Where a building or land which is qualifying property for the purposes of paragraph 3(1) of Schedule 4 to the [1984 c. 51.] Inheritance Tax Act 1984 (maintenance funds for historic buildings) forms part of an estate in relation to which an election has effect under section 26—

(a)the election shall not cease to have effect by reason only of another part of the estate becoming comprised in, and managed by the trustees of, a settlement in relation to which the Treasury give a direction under paragraph 1 of that Schedule, and

(b)while such a direction has effect that other part shall be treated as continuing to form part of the estate to which the election relates.

(2)In any case where—

(a)a person becomes the owner of any such building or land as is mentioned in subsection (1) above, and

(b)that building or land, in the immediately preceding ownership, formed part of an estate in relation to which an election under section 26 had effect,

any other part of that estate which continues to be or becomes comprised in a settlement of the kind mentioned in subsection (1) above shall, while such a direction as is mentioned in that subsection has effect, be treated as part of the estate in relation to which an election under section 26 may be made by him.

(3)Where by virtue of this section an election has effect in relation to an estate part of which is comprised in a settlement—

(a)there may be treated as deductible from the rents arising from that part—

(i)any payments which are made in respect of the other part of the estate by the trustees of the settlement and which would be so deductible under section 25 if that part were also comprised in the settlement; and

(ii)any payments made in respect of the other part of the estate by its owner to the extent to which they cannot be deducted by him under that section in the chargeable period in which they become due because of an insufficiency of the rents arising in that period from that part; and

(b)any relief available to the trustees under section 33 in respect of the part of the estate comprised in the settlement shall instead be available to the owner of the other part of the estate.

(4)Where by virtue of this section an election has effect in relation to an estate part of which is comprised in a settlement, the election shall not cease to have effect in relation to any of that part by reason of its ceasing to be comprised in that settlement if either—

(a)it becomes comprised in another settlement in circumstances such that by virtue of paragraph 9(1) of Schedule 4 to the [1984 c. 51.] Inheritance Tax Act 1984 there is (or would but for paragraph 9(4) be) no charge to inheritance tax in respect of the property so ceasing; or

(b)both immediately before and immediately after its so ceasing it is property in respect of which a direction has effect under paragraph 1 of that Schedule.

(5)The inclusion by virtue of this section in an estate of property comprised in a settlement shall not be construed as requiring it to be treated as the property of the person who owns the remainder of the estate or as affecting any question as to the person entitled to the income arising from that property.

28Deductions from receipts other than rent

Subject to section 122, where a person becomes entitled in a chargeable period to a sum other than rent payable under a lease, then in computing for the purposes of Schedule A the profits or gains arising to that person in that period, there shall be deducted from that sum—

(a)so much of any payment made by that person as was made in respect of maintenance, repairs, insurance or management of premises to which the sum relates and constituted an expense of the transaction under which he became entitled to that sum;

(b)so much of any rent, rentcharge, ground annual, feuduty or other periodical payment made by that person as was reserved in respect of, or was charged upon or issued out of, premises to which the sum relates and constituted an expense of that transaction;

(c)so much of any other payment made by that person as constituted an expense of that transaction, not being an expense of a capital nature; and

(d)where, in or before the chargeable period, that person entered into any like transaction, any amount which, under paragraphs (a) to (c) above, is deductible from a sum to which he is entitled under that like transaction in the period, or was deductible from a sum to which he was so entitled in a previous chargeable period but has not been deducted.

29Sporting rights

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, in any case where the person entitled to possession of any land (“the person chargeable”)—

(a)is in the practice of granting sporting rights over the land for payment, but

(b)in any year of assessment, such rights are for any reason not granted by him,

the aggregate of any amounts paid by him which, if such rights had been granted in that year (the “relevant year”), would have been deductible under section 28 from payments receivable by him in respect of the grant shall be treated for the purposes of section 25(7) as a deduction which, by virtue of section 25(3), might have been made by him from rent to which he was entitled for that year under a lease of the land, being a lease at a full rent.

(2)If in the relevant year sporting rights over the land are exercised—

(a)by the person chargeable, or

(b)by any other person at his invitation, or

(c)where the person chargeable is a close company, by a person who is, within the meaning of Part XI, a director of, or a participator in, that company,

the aggregate referred to in subsection (1) above shall be treated as reduced by an amount equal to the price which might reasonably be expected to have been paid for that exercise of the rights if the person exercising them had had to give full consideration therefor.

(3)For the purposes of subsection (2) above, an exercise of sporting rights shall be disregarded if it gives rise to a charge to tax under Schedule E by virtue of section 154.

(4)Where the person chargeable is a company, section 9(1) shall not have effect so as to require references in that subsection to a year of assessment to be read as references to an accounting period, but any deduction thereby authorised shall be apportioned between the accounting periods (if more than one) comprising the year of assessment.

(5)In this section, “sporting rights” means rights of fowling, shooting or fishing, or of taking or killing game, deer or rabbits.

30Expenditure on making sea walls

(1)Where in any year of assessment the owner or tenant of any premises incurs any expenditure in the making of any sea wall or other embankment necessary for the preservation or protection of the premises against the encroachment or overflowing of the sea or any tidal river, he shall be treated for the purposes of sections 25, 28 and 31 as making in that year of assessment and in each of the succeeding 20 years of assessment a payment in relation to the premises preserved or protected by the embankment of an amount equal to a twenty-first part of the expenditure and incurred in respect of dilapidation attributable to the year.

(2)Where the whole of that person’s interest in the premises or any part thereof is transferred (whether by operation of law or otherwise) to some other person—

(a)the amount of the payment which he would be so treated as making for the year of assessment in which the transfer takes place shall be treated as being made partly by the transferor and partly by the transferee, as may be just; and

(b)the transferee shall, to the exclusion of the transferor, be treated in any subsequent year—

(i)where the interest transferred is in the whole of the premises, as having made the whole of the payment for that year, and

(ii)where the interest transferred is in part only of the premises, as having made so much of the payment as is properly referable to that part of the premises.

(3)For the purposes of subsection (2) above, where an interest in any premises is a lease and that lease comes to an end, that interest shall be deemed to have been transferred—

(a)if an incoming lessee makes any payment to the outgoing lessee in respect of the embankment in question, to the incoming lessee, and

(b)in any other case, to the owner of the interest in immediate reversion on the lease and, in relation to Scotland, the expression “the owner of the interest in immediate reversion on the lease” shall be construed as a reference to the landlord.

(4)In relation to a company, section 9(1) shall not have effect so as to require references in this section to a year of assessment to be read as references to an accounting period, but any deduction authorised by this section shall be apportioned between the accounting periods (if more than one) comprising the year of assessment, other than any such period ended before the expenditure is incurred, or transfer takes place, by virtue of which the company is entitled to the deduction.

(5)This section shall not apply in relation to any expenditure in respect of which a capital allowance has been made.

31Provisions supplementary to sections 25 to 30

(1)Schedule 1, which makes provision in relation to certain expenditure incurred before the beginning of the year 1963-64, shall have effect (and the preceding provisions of this Part shall have effect subject to that Schedule).

(2)Any reference in this section to a deduction is a reference to a sum which is deductible under any of the provisions of sections 25 to 30 and Schedule 1, and any reference to a sum which can be deducted or which is deductible shall be construed accordingly.

(3)Subject to subsections (4) to (7) below, where a sum or part of a sum can be deducted for the chargeable period in which it is paid, it shall be so deducted, and, where it cannot, it shall be deducted for the earliest chargeable period for which it can be deducted.

(4)Where for any chargeable period the amount from which deductions can be made is sufficient to allow the deduction from that amount of some, but not all, of different sums or parts of sums which are deductible, the sum or parts to be deducted for that period shall in the aggregate be equal to that amount, and, subject to that requirement, shall be such as the person whose liability to tax is in question may choose.

(5)No deduction shall be made in respect of—

(a)a payment made by any person to the extent that the payment has been or will be—

(i)balanced by the receipt of insurance moneys, or

(ii)recovered from, or in any other manner borne by, some other person, otherwise than by means of an amount on the profits or gains arising from which the first-mentioned person would be chargeable under Schedule A, or

(b)a payment made by a person other than a company, if payable under deduction of income tax.

(6)An amount, or part of an amount, shall not be deducted more than once from any sum, or from more than one sum, and shall not in any case be deducted if it has otherwise been allowed as a deduction in computing the income of any person for tax purposes.

(7)Where, on account of a payment made in any chargeable period, a deduction falls to be made from any rents or receipts to which the person making the payment became entitled in a previous period, all such adjustments of liability to tax shall be made, by repayment or otherwise, as may be necessary to give effect to the deduction.

32Capital allowances for machinery and plant used in estate management

(1)Subject to the provisions of this section, Chapter II of Part I of the 1968 Act and Chapter I of Part III of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971, and such other provisions of the Tax Acts as relate to allowances or charges under those Chapters, shall apply with any necessary adaptations in relation to machinery or plant provided for use or used by a person entitled to rents or receipts falling within Schedule A for the maintenance, repair or management of premises in respect of which those rents or receipts arise as they apply in relation to machinery or plant provided for use or used for the purposes of a trade.

(2)Except as provided by subsection (3) below, the Tax Acts shall apply in relation to any allowances or balancing charges which fall to be made by virtue of this section as if they were to be made in taxing a trade.

(3)Allowances and balancing charges which by virtue of this section fall to be made to or on a person for any chargeable period shall be made by—

(a)adding the amount of any such allowances to the expenditure on maintenance, repair or management of the premises which is deductible under sections 25 or 28 in computing his profits or gains for the purposes of Schedule A; and

(b)deducting the amount on which any such charge is to be made from that expenditure (or from the sum of that expenditure and any addition made to it under this subsection);

and sections 46 of the 1968 Act and 48 of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 (manner of making allowances or charges) shall not apply.

(4)Any charge falling to be made under this section shall, in so far as a deduction cannot be made for it under subsection (3)(b) above, be made under Case VI of Schedule D.

(5)No allowance or balancing charge shall be made by virtue of this section for any chargeable period in respect of expenditure incurred by any person on machinery or plant, except in pursuance of an election made by him for that period; but an election for any chargeable period shall have effect as an election for that and all subsequent chargeable periods.

(6)Any such election shall be made by notice to the inspector either for all machinery or plant provided for use or used for the maintenance, repair or management of the relevant premises or for any class of machinery or plant so provided or used; but an election for machinery or plant of any class shall not be made for any chargeable period after payments made in that or a subsequent chargeable period for the maintenance, repair or management of the relevant premises have been taken into account in an assessment or claim for repayment of tax which has been finally determined.

(7)Corresponding allowances or charges in the case of the same machinery or plant shall not be made under Chapter II of Part I of the 1968 Act or Chapter I of Part III of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971 (whether for the same or different chargeable periods) both in computing profits or gains for the purposes of Schedule A and in some other way; and, on any assessment to tax, expenditure to which an election under this section applies shall not be taken into account otherwise than under those Chapters.

(8)The Tax Acts shall have effect as if this section were contained in Chapter II of Part I of the 1968 Act or Chapter I of Part III of the [1971 c. 68.] Finance Act 1971, as the case may require.

33Agricultural land: allowance for excess expenditure on maintenance

(1)Where in the case of an estate which consists of or includes agricultural land—

(a)provision is made in sections 25 to 32 for the deduction of a sum in respect of payments in a chargeable period for maintenance, repairs, insurance or management of the estate, or in respect of allowances for machinery or plant provided for use or used on the estate, and

(b)owing to the insufficiency of rents and receipts to which the owner of the estate becomes entitled in that period, whether from the estate or from other property, the sum in question cannot be deducted (other amounts deductible under Schedule A being treated as deductible in priority thereto),

then, subject to subsection (2) below, the sum in question shall be treated as if it were the amount of an allowance falling to be made under the 1968 Act by way of discharge or repayment of tax, and available primarily against agricultural income as defined in section 69 of that Act.

(2)The sum in question shall not exceed the sum which would have fallen to be so treated if—

(a)the estate had not included such parts thereof as were used wholly for purposes other than purposes of husbandry, and

(b)payments or allowances in respect of parts thereof which were used partly for purposes of husbandry and partly for other purposes were reduced to an extent corresponding to the extent to which those parts were used for other purposes.

(3)In this section—

(4)Sections 71 and 74 of the 1968 Act shall apply as if this section were contained in Part I of that Act.

Premiums, leases at undervalue etc

34Treatment of premiums etc. as rent or Schedule D profits

(1)Where the payment of any premium is required under a lease, or otherwise under the terms subject to which a lease is granted, and the duration of the lease does not exceed 50 years, the landlord shall be treated for the purposes of the Tax Acts as becoming entitled when the lease is granted to an amount by way of rent (in addition to any actual rent) equal to—

Formula - P subtract ((P multiply by Y) divide by 50)

where P is the premium and Y is the number of complete periods of 12 months (other than the first) comprised in the duration of the lease.

(2)Where the terms subject to which a lease is granted impose on the tenant an obligation to carry out any work on the premises, the lease shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to have required the payment of a premium to the landlord (in addition to any other premium) of an amount equal to the amount by which the value of the landlord’s estate or interest immediately after the commencement of the lease exceeds what its then value would have been if those terms did not impose that obligation on the tenant.

(3)Subsection (2) above shall not apply in so far as the obligation requires the carrying out of work the payment for which would, if the landlord and not the tenant were obliged to carry it out, be deductible from the rent under sections 25 to 30.

(4)Where, under the terms subject to which a lease is granted, a sum becomes payable by the tenant in lieu of the whole or a part of the rent for any period, or as consideration for the surrender of the lease, the lease shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to have required the payment of a premium to the landlord (in addition to any other premium) of the amount of that sum; but—

(a)in computing tax chargeable by virtue of this subsection in respect of a sum payable in lieu of rent, the duration of the lease shall be treated as not including any period other than that in relation to which the sum is payable; and

(b)notwithstanding anything in subsection (1) above, rent treated as arising by virtue of this subsection shall be deemed to become due when the sum in question becomes payable by the tenant.

(5)Where, as consideration for the variation or waiver of any of the terms of a lease, a sum becomes payable by the tenant otherwise than by way of rent, the lease shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to have required the payment of a premium to the landlord (in addition to any other premium) of the amount of that sum; but—

(a)in computing tax chargeable by virtue of this subsection, the duration of the lease shall be treated as not including any period which precedes the time at which the variation or waiver takes effect, or falls after the time at which it ceases to have effect; and

(b)notwithstanding anything in subsection (1) above, rent treated as arising by virtue of this subsection shall be deemed to become due when the contract providing for the variation or waiver is entered into.

(6)Where a payment falling within subsection (1), (4) or (5) above is due to a person other than the landlord, no charge to tax shall arise under that subsection, but any amount which would otherwise fall to be treated as rent shall be treated as profits or gains of that other person chargeable under Case VI of Schedule D.

(7)Subsection (6) above shall not apply in relation to any payment falling within subsection (5) above unless it is due to a person who is, within the meaning of section 839, connected with the landlord.

(8)Where an amount by reference to which a person is chargeable to tax by virtue of this section is payable by instalments (“the tax instalments”), the tax chargeable by reference to that amount may, if that person satisfies the Board that he would otherwise suffer undue hardship, be paid at his option by such instalments as the Board may allow over a period not exceeding eight years and ending not later than the time at which the last of the tax instalments is payable.

(9)Section 22(2) and (3) shall not apply in relation to amounts which, in computing profits or gains for the purposes of Schedule A, are relevant only by virtue of this section.

35Schedule D charge on assignment of lease granted at an undervalue

(1)This section applies to any lease of a duration not exceeding 50 years where the terms subject to which it was granted are such that the grantor, having regard to values prevailing at the time it was granted and on the assumption that the negotiations for the lease were at arm’s length, could have required the payment of an additional sum by way of premium, or additional premium, for the grant of the lease; and in this section any such additional sum is referred to as the “amount foregone”.

(2)On any assignment of a lease to which this section applies for a consideration—

(a)where the lease has not previously been assigned, exceeding the premium, if any, for which it was granted, or

(b)where the lease has been previously assigned, exceeding the consideration for which it was last assigned,

the amount of the excess, in so far as it is not greater than the amount foregone reduced by the amount of any such excess arising on a previous assignment of the lease, shall in the same proportion as the amount foregone would, under section 34(1), have fallen to be treated as rent if it had been a premium under the lease, be treated as profits or gains of the assignor chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D.

(3)If there is submitted to the inspector, by the grantor or any assignor or assignee of the lease, a statement showing whether or not a charge to tax arises or may arise under this section and, if so, the amount on which the charge arises or may arise, then, if the inspector is satisfied as to the accuracy of the statement, he shall certify the accuracy thereof.

36Schedule D charge on sale of land with right to reconveyance

(1)Where the terms subject to which an estate or interest in land is sold provide that it shall be, or may be required to be, reconveyed at a future date to the vendor or a person connected with him, the vendor shall be chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D on any amount by which the price at which the estate or interest is sold exceeds the price at which it is to be reconveyed or, if the earliest date at which in accordance with those terms it would fall to be reconveyed is a date two years or more after the sale, on that excess reduced by one-fiftieth thereof for each complete year (other than the first) in the period between the sale and that date.

(2)Where, under the terms of the sale, the date of the reconveyance is not fixed, then—

(a)if the price on reconveyance varies with the date, the price shall be taken, for the purposes of this section, to be the lowest possible under the terms of the sale, and

(b)there shall be repaid to the vendor, on a claim made before the expiry of six years after the reconveyance takes place, any amount by which tax assessed on him by virtue of this section exceeded the amount which would have been so assessed if that date had been treated for the purposes of this section as the date fixed by the terms of the sale.

(3)Where the terms of the sale provide for the grant of a lease directly or indirectly out of the estate or interest to the vendor or a person connected with him, this section shall, subject to subsection (4) below, apply as if the grant of the lease were a reconveyance of the estate or interest at a price equal to the sum of the amount of the premium (if any) for the lease and the value at the date of the sale of the right to receive a conveyance of the reversion immediately after the lease begins to run.

(4)Subsection (3) above shall not apply in any case where the lease is granted and begins to run within one month after the sale.

(5)In this section references to a person connected with another shall be construed in accordance with section 839.

37Premiums paid etc: deductions from premiums and rent received

(1)This section applies in any case where in respect of a lease of any premises—

(a)tax has become chargeable under the provisions of section 34 or 35 on any amount (disregarding any reduction in that amount under subsection (2) below); or

(b)tax would have become so chargeable on that amount but for the operation of this subsection, or but for any exemption from tax;

and the amount of that tax is in this section referred to as “the amount chargeable on the superior interest” and any such lease is referred to as “the head lease”.

(2)Where—

(a)a lease is granted out of, or there is a disposition of, the head lease, and

(b)in respect of that grant or disposition a person would, apart from this subsection, be chargeable under section 34 or 35 on any amount (“the later chargeable amount”),

then the amount on which he is so chargeable shall, subject to subsection (3) below, be the excess (if any) of the later chargeable amount over the appropriate fraction of the amount chargeable on the superior interest.

(3)Where a person would, apart from subsection (2) above, be chargeable under section 34 or 35 in respect of a lease or disposition which extends to a part only of the premises subject to the head lease, the amount on which he is so chargeable shall be the excess (if any) of the later chargeable amount over the appropriate fraction of the amount chargeable on the superior interest as, on a just apportionment, is attributable to that part of the premises.

(4)Subject to subsection (5) below, the person for the time being entitled to the head lease shall be treated for the purposes of deductions under sections 25 and 26 from rent receivable by him in respect of those or other premises as paying rent for those premises (in addition to any actual rent), becoming due from day to day, during any part of the period in respect of which the amount chargeable on the superior interest arose for which he was entitled to the head lease, and, in all, bearing to that amount the same proportion as that part of the period bears to the whole.

(5)Where subsection (2) above applies, subsection (4) above shall apply for the period in respect of which the later chargeable amount arose only if the appropriate fraction of the amount chargeable on the superior interest exceeds the later chargeable amount, and shall then apply as if the amount chargeable on the superior interest were reduced in the proportion which that excess bears to that appropriate fraction.

(6)Where subsection (3) above applies, subsections (4) and (5) above shall be applied separately to the part of the premises referred to in subsection (3) above and to the remainder of the premises, but as if for any reference to the amount chargeable on the superior interest there were substituted a reference to that amount proportionately adjusted.

(7)For the purposes of this section—

(a)the appropriate fraction of the amount chargeable on the superior interest is the fraction—

Formula - A divide by B

where—

  • A is the period in respect of which the later chargeable amount arose; and

  • B is the period in respect of which the amount chargeable on the superior interest arose; and

(b)the period in respect of which an amount arose—

(i)where it arose under section 34, shall be the period treated in computing the amount as being the duration of the lease;

(ii)where it arose under section 35, shall be the period treated in computing the amount as being the duration of the lease remaining at the date of the assignment.

(8)Where the amount chargeable on the superior interest arose under section 34(2) by reason of an obligation which included the carrying out of work in respect of which any capital allowance has fallen or will fall to be made, subsections (1) to (6) above shall apply as if the obligation had not included the carrying out of that work and that amount had been calculated accordingly.

(9)An amount or part of an amount shall not be deducted under this section more than once from any sum, or from more than one sum, and shall not in any case be so deducted if it has been otherwise allowed as a deduction in computing the income of any person for tax purposes.

38Rules for ascertaining duration of leases

(1)In ascertaining the duration of a lease for the purposes of sections 34 to 36—

(a)in any case where—

(i)any of the terms of the lease (whether relating to forfeiture or any other matter) or any other circumstances render it unlikely that the lease will continue beyond a date falling before the expiry of the term of the lease, and

(ii)the premium was not substantially greater than it would have been, on the assumptions required by subsections (3) and (4) below, had the term been one expiring on that date,

the lease shall not be treated as having been granted for a term longer than one ending on that date;

(b)where the terms of the lease include provision for the extension of the lease beyond a given date by notice given by the tenant, account may be taken of any circumstances making it likely that the lease will be so extended; and

(c)where the tenant or a person connected with him (within the meaning of section 839) is or may become entitled to a further lease or the grant of a further lease (whenever commencing) of the same premises or of premises including the whole or part of the same premises, the term of the lease may be treated as not expiring before the term of the further lease.

(2)Subsection (1) above shall be applied by reference to the facts which were known or ascertainable at the time of the grant of the lease, or in relation to tax under section 34(5), at a time when the contract providing for the variation or waiver is entered into.

(3)It shall be assumed in applying subsection (1) above that all parties concerned, whatever their relationship, act as they would act if they were at arm’s length.

(4)In any case where—

(a)by the lease or in connection with the granting of it benefits were conferred other than—

(i)vacant possession and beneficial occupation of the premises, or

(ii)the right to receive rent at a reasonable commercial rate in respect of the premises, or

(b)payments were made which would not be expected to be made by parties acting at arm’s length if no other benefits had been so conferred,

it shall also be assumed, unless it is shown that the benefits were not conferred or the payments made for the purpose of securing a tax advantage in the application of this Part, that the benefits would not have been conferred nor the payments made had the lease been for a term ending on the date mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above.

(5)Where an inspector has reason to believe that a person has information relevant to the ascertainment of the duration of a lease in accordance with subsections (1) to (4) above, the inspector may by notice require him to give, within a time specified in the notice, such information on the matters so specified as is in his possession; but a solicitor shall not be so required to do more, in relation to anything done by him on behalf of a client, than state that he is or was so acting and give the name and address of his client.

(6)In this section in relation to Scotland, the expression “term”, where referring to the duration of a lease, means period.

(7)This section has effect subject to paragraphs 2 and 3 of Schedule 30.

39Saving for pre-1963 leases, and special relief for individuals

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, sections 34 to 36 shall not apply in relation to a lease granted, or an estate or interest in land sold, before the beginning of the year 1963-64 or in pursuance of a contract entered into before 4th April 1963.

(2)Section 34(5) shall apply to the variation or waiver of any terms of a lease (not being a variation or waiver made in pursuance of a contract entered into before 4th April 1963) notwithstanding that the lease was granted before the beginning of the year 1963-64.

(3)Schedule 2 shall have effect for giving relief on a claim being made by him in that behalf from any increase in an individual’s liability to income tax which is attributable to amounts being treated by virtue of section 34, 35 or 36 as receipts for a single year of assessment rather than as receipts for the period in relation to which they are chargeable.

Supplemental: Schedules A and D

40Tax treatment of receipts and outgoings on sale of land

(1)Where—

(a)by virtue of a contract for the sale of an estate or interest in land there falls to be apportioned between the parties a receipt or outgoing in respect of the estate or interest which becomes due after the making of the contract but before the time to which the apportionment falls to be made, and

(b)a part of the receipt is therefore receivable by the vendor in trust for the purchaser or, as the case may be, a part of the outgoing is paid by the vendor as trustee for the purchaser,

the purchaser shall be treated for the purposes of tax under Schedule A as if that part had become receivable or payable on his behalf immediately after the time to which the apportionment falls to be made.

(2)Where by virtue of such a contract there falls to be apportioned between the parties a receipt or outgoing in respect of the estate or interest which became due before the making of the contract, the parties shall be treated for the purposes of tax under Schedule A as if the contract had been entered into before the receipt or outgoing became due, and subsection (1) above shall apply accordingly.

(3)Where on the sale of an estate or interest in land there is apportioned to the vendor a part of a receipt or outgoing in respect of the estate or interest which is to become receivable or be paid by the purchaser after the making of the apportionment, then for the purposes of tax under Schedule A—

(a)when the receipt becomes due or, as the case may be, the outgoing is paid, the amount of it shall be treated as reduced by so much thereof as was apportioned to the vendor, and

(b)the part apportioned to the vendor shall be treated as if it were of the same nature as the receipt or outgoing and had become receivable, or had been paid, directly by him immediately before the time to which the apportionment is made and, where it is part of an outgoing, had become due immediately before that time.

(4)Any reference in subsection (1) or (2) above to a party to a contract shall include a person to whom the rights and obligations of that party under the contract have passed by assignment or otherwise.

(5)This section shall apply as respects tax under Case VI of Schedule D in a case falling within paragraph 4 of Schedule A as it applies as respects tax under Schedule A in other cases.

41Relief for rent etc. not paid

(1)Where on a claim in that behalf a person proves—

(a)that he has not received an amount which he was entitled to receive in respect of any rents or receipts on the profits or gains arising from which he would be chargeable under Schedule A; and

(b)if the non-receipt of that amount was attributable to the default of another person by whom it was payable, that the claimant has taken any reasonable steps available to him to enforce payment; or

(c)if the claimant waived payment of that amount, that the waiver was made without consideration, and was reasonably made in order to avoid hardship;

then subject to subsection (2) below, the claimant shall be treated for tax purposes for all relevant chargeable periods as if he had not been entitled to that amount, and such adjustments shall be made, by repayment or otherwise, as the case may require.

(2)If all or any part of that amount is subsequently received, the claimant or, if he is dead, his executors or administrators shall not later than six months thereafter give notice to the inspector, and such readjustment of liability to tax (for all relevant chargeable periods) shall be made as may be necessary, and may be made at any time at which it could be made if it related only to tax for the chargeable period in which the amount, or that part of the amount, is received.

(3)Subsection (1) above shall apply in relation to sums chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D by virtue of any provision of sections 34 to 36 as it applies to profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A.

42Appeals against determinations under sections 34 to 36

(1)Where it appears to the inspector that the determination of any amount on which a person may be chargeable to tax by virtue of section 34, 35 or 36 may affect the liability to income tax, corporation tax or capital gains tax of other persons he may give notice to those persons as well as to the first-mentioned person of the determination he proposes to make and of the rights conferred on them by this section.

(2)Any person to whom such a notice is given may, within 30 days after the date on which it is given, object to the proposed determination by notice given to the inspector.

(3)Where notices have been given under subsection (1) above and no notice of objection is duly given under subsection (2) above the inspector shall make the determination as proposed in his notices and the determination shall not be called in question in any proceedings.

(4)Where a notice of objection is duly given the amount mentioned in subsection (1) above shall be determined in like manner as an appeal and shall be so determined by the Special Commissioners or such body of General Commissioners as may be agreed on by the person to be charged and all persons who have given notice of objection.

(5)All persons to whom notices have been given under subsection (1) above may take part in any proceedings under subsection (4) above and in any appeal arising out of those proceedings and shall be bound by the determination made in the proceedings or on appeal, whether or not they have taken part in the proceedings; and their successors in title shall also be so bound.

(6)A notice under subsection (1) above may, notwithstanding any obligation as to secrecy or other restriction on the disclosure of information, include a statement of the grounds on which the inspector proposes to make the determination.

(7)An inspector may by notice require any person to give within the time specified in the notice such information as appears to the inspector to be required for deciding whether to give a notice under subsection (1) above to any person.

43Non-residents

(1)Section 78 of the Management Act (taxation of non-residents in name of agent) shall not apply to tax on profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A, or on any of the profits or gains chargeable under Case VI of Schedule D—

(a)in a case falling within paragraph 4 of Schedule A; or

(b)which arise under the terms of a lease, but to a person other than the landlord, or otherwise arise out of any disposition or contract such that if they arose to the person making it they would be chargeable under Schedule A,

where payment is made (whether in the United Kingdom or elsewhere) directly to a person whose usual place of abode is outside the United Kingdom, but sections 349(1) and 350 shall apply in relation to the payment as they apply to annual payments charged with tax under Case III or IV of Schedule D and not payable out of profits or gains brought into charge to income tax.

(2)Subsection (1) above shall apply in relation to sums chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D by virtue of any provision of sections 34 to 36 as it applies to profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A.

(3)Where by virtue of subsection (1) above the income tax chargeable for any year of assessment on a person’s profits or gains chargeable to tax under Schedule A or Case VI of Schedule D or both would, apart from this subsection, be greater than the tax which would be chargeable thereon apart from section 22(2) and (3), then, on a claim in that behalf being made, relief shall be given from the excess, whether by way of repayment or otherwise.