Part I

Supply of Goods

Contracts for the transfer of property in goods

The contracts concerned.
1
1
In this Act in its application to England and Wales and Northern Irelanda “relevant contract for the transfer of goods” means a contract under which one person transfers or agrees to transfer to another the property in goods, other than an excepted contract, and other than a contract to which Chapter 2 of Part 1 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 applies.
2
For the purposes of this section an excepted contract means any of the following:—
a
a contract of sale of goods;
b
a hire-purchase agreement;
c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d
a transfer or agreement to transfer which is made by deed and for which there is no consideration other than the presumed consideration imported by the deed;
e
a contract intended to operate by way of mortgage, pledge, charge or other security.
3
For the purposes of this Act in its application to England and Wales and Northern Irelanda contract is a relevant contract for the transfer of goods whether or not services are also provided or to be provided under the contract, and (subject to subsection (2) above) whatever is the nature of the consideration for the transfer or agreement to transfer.

Implied terms about title, etc.
2
1
In a relevant contract for the transfer of goods, other than one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is an implied condition on the part of the transferor that in the case of a transfer of the property in the goods he has a right to transfer the property and in the case of an agreement to transfer the property in the goods he will have such a right at the time when the property is to be transferred.
2
In a relevant contract for the transfer of goods, other than one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is also an implied warranty that—
a
the goods are free, and will remain free until the time when the property is to be transferred, from any charge or encumbrance not disclosed or known to the transferee before the contract is made, and
b
the transferee will enjoy quiet possession of the goods except so far as it may be disturbed by the owner or other person entitled to the benefit of any charge or encumbrance so disclosed or known.
3
This subsection applies to a relevant contract for the transfer of goods in the case of which there appears from the contract or is to be inferred from its circumstances an intention that the transferor should transfer only such title as he or a third person may have.
4
In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is an implied warranty that all charges or encumbrances known to the transferor and not known to the transferee have been disclosed to the transferee before the contract is made.
5
In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is also an implied warranty that none of the following will disturb the transferee’s quiet possession of the goods, namely—
a
the transferor;
b
in a case where the parties to the contract intend that the transferor should transfer only such title as a third person may have, that person;
c
anyone claiming through or under the transferor or that third person otherwise than under a charge or encumbrance disclosed or known to the transferee before the contract is made.

Implied terms where transfer is by description.
3
1
This section applies where, under a relevant contract for the transfer of goods, the transferor transfers or agrees to transfer the property in the goods by description.
2
In such a case there is an implied condition that the goods will correspond with the description.
3
If the transferor transfers or agrees to transfer the property in the goods by sample as well as by description it is not sufficient that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description.
4
A contract is not prevented from falling within subsection (1) above by reason only that, being exposed for supply, the goods are selected by the transferee.

Implied terms about quality or fitness.
4
1
Except as provided by this section and section 5 below and subject to the provisions of any other enactment, there is no implied condition or warranty about the quality or fitness for any particular purpose of goods supplied under a relevant contract for the transfer of goods.
2
Where, under such a contract, the transferor transfers the property in goods in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are of satisfactory quality.
2A
For the purposes of this section and section 5 below, goods are of satisfactory quality if they meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory, taking account of any description of the goods, the price (if relevant) and all the other relevant circumstances.
2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
The condition implied by subsection (2) above does not extend to any matter making the quality of goods unsatisfactory—
a
which is specifically drawn to the transferee’s attention before the contract is made,
b
where the transferee examines the goods before the contract is made, which that examination ought to reveal, or
c
where the property in the goods is transferred by reference to a sample, which would have been apparent on a reasonable examination of the sample.
4
Subsection (5) below applies where, under a relevant contract for the transfer of goods, the transferor transfers the property in goods in the course of a business and the transferee, expressly or by implication, makes known—
a
to the transferor, or
b
where the consideration or part of the consideration for the transfer is a sum payable by instalments and the goods were previously sold by a credit-broker to the transferor, to that credit-broker,
any particular purpose for which the goods are being acquired.
5
In that case there is (subject to subsection (6) below) an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are reasonably fit for that purpose, whether or not that is a purpose for which such goods are commonly supplied.
6
Subsection (5) above does not apply where the circumstances show that the transferee does not rely, or that it is unreasonable for him to rely, on the skill or judgment of the transferor or credit-broker.
7
An implied condition or warranty about quality or fitness for a particular purpose may be annexed by usage to a relevant contract for the transfer of goods.
8
The preceding provisions of this section apply to a transfer by a person who in the course of a business is acting as agent for another as they apply to a transfer by a principal in the course of a business, except where that other is not transferring in the course of a business and either the transferee knows that fact or reasonable steps are taken to bring it to the transferee’s notice before the contract concerned is made.
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Implied terms where transfer is by sample.
5
1
This section applies where, under a relevant contract for the transfer of goods, the transferor transfers or agrees to transfer the property in the goods by reference to a sample.
2
In such a case there is an implied condition—
a
that the bulk will correspond with the sample in quality; and
b
that the transferee will have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample; and
c
that the goods will be free from any defect, making their quality unsatisfactory, which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample.
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
For the purposes of this section a transferor transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods by reference to a sample where there is an express or implied term to that effect in the contract concerned.

Modification of remedies for breach of statutory condition in non-consumer cases.
5A
1
Where in the case of a
relevant contract for the transfer of goods
—
a
the transferee would, apart from this subsection, have the right to treat the contract as repudiated by reason of a breach on the part of the transferor of a term implied by section 3, 4 or 5(2)(a) or (c) above, but
b
the breach is so slight that it would be unreasonable for him to do so,
... the breach is not to be treated as a breach of condition but may be treated as a breach of warranty.
2
This section applies unless a contrary intention appears in, or is to be implied from, the contract.
3
It is for the transferor to show that a breach fell within subsection (1)(b) above.

Contracts for the hire of goods

The contracts concerned.
6
1
In this Act in its application to England and Wales and Northern Ireland a “relevant contract for the hire of goods” means a contract under which one person bails or agrees to bail goods to another by way of hire, other than a hire-purchase agreement, and other than a contract to which Chapter 2 of Part 1 of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 applies.
2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
For the purposes of this Act in its application to England and Wales and Northern Irelanda contract is a relevant contract for the hire of goods whether or not services are also provided or to be provided under the contract, and ... whatever is the nature of the consideration for the bailment or agreement to bail by way of hire.

Implied terms about right to transfer possession, etc.
7
1
In a relevant contract for the hire of goods there is an implied condition on the part of the bailor that in the case of a bailment he has a right to transfer possession of the goods by way of hire for the period of the bailment and in the case of an agreement to bail he will have such a right at the time of the bailment.
2
In a relevant contract for the hire of goods there is also an implied warranty that the bailee will enjoy quiet possession of the goods for the period of the bailment except so far as the possession may be disturbed by the owner or other person entitled to the benefit of any charge or encumbrance disclosed or known to the bailee before the contract is made.
3
The preceding provisions of this section do not affect the right of the bailor to repossess the goods under an express or implied term of the contract.

Implied terms where hire is by description.
8
1
This section applies where, under a relevant contract for the hire of goods, the bailor bails or agrees to bail the goods by description.
2
In such a case there is an implied condition that the goods will correspond with the description.
3
If under the contract the bailor bails or agrees to bail the goods by reference to a sample as well as a description it is not sufficient that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description.
4
A contract is not prevented from falling within subsection (1) above by reason only that, being exposed for supply, the goods are selected by the bailee.

Implied terms about quality or fitness.
9
1
Except as provided by this section and section 10 below and subject to the provisions of any other enactment, there is no implied condition or warranty about the quality or fitness for any particular purpose of goods bailed under a relevant contract for the hire of goods.
2
Where, under such a contract, the bailor bails goods in the course of a business, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are of satisfactory quality.
2A
For the purposes of this section and section 10 below, goods are of satisfactory quality if they meet the standard that a reasonable person would regard as satisfactory, taking account of any description of the goods, the consideration for the bailment (if relevant) and all the other relevant circumstances.
2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2D
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
The condition implied by subsection (2) above does not extend to any matter making the quality of goods unsatisfactory—
a
which is specifically drawn to the bailee’s attention before the contract is made,
b
where the bailee examines the goods before the contract is made, which that examination ought to reveal, or
c
where the goods are bailed by reference to a sample, which would have been apparent on a reasonable examination of the sample.
4
Subsection (5) below applies where, under a relevant contract for the hire of goods, the bailor bails goods in the course of a business and the bailee, expressly or by implication, makes known—
a
to the bailor in the course of negotiations conducted by him in relation to the making of the contract, or
b
to a credit-broker in the course of negotiations conducted by that broker in relation to goods sold by him to the bailor before forming the subject matter of the contract,
any particular purpose for which the goods are being bailed.
5
In that case there is (subject to subsection (6) below) an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are reasonably fit for that purpose, whether or not that is a purpose for which such goods are commonly supplied.
6
Subsection (5) above does not apply where the circumstances show that the bailee does not rely, or that it is unreasonable for him to rely, on the skill or judgment of the bailor or credit-broker.
7
An implied condition or warranty about quality or fitness for a particular purpose may be annexed by usage to a relevant contract for the hire of goods.
8
The preceding provisions of this section apply to a bailment by a person who in the course of a business is acting as agent for another as they apply to a bailment by a principal in the course of a business, except where that other is not bailing in the course of a business and either the bailee knows that fact or reasonable steps are taken to bring it to the bailee’s notice before the contract concerned is made.
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Implied terms where hire is by sample.
10
1
This section applies where, under a relevant contract for the hire of goods, the bailor bails or agrees to bail the goods by reference to a sample.
2
In such a case there is an implied condition—
a
that the bulk will correspond with the sample in quality; and
b
that the bailee will have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample; and
c
that the goods will be free from any defect, making their quality unsatisfactory, which would not be apparent on reasonable examination of the sample.
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
For the purposes of this section a bailor bails or agrees to bail goods by reference to a sample where there is an express or implied term to that effect in the contract concerned.

Modification of remedies for breach of statutory condition in non-consumer cases.
10A
1
Where in the case of a
relevant contract for the hire of goods
—
a
the bailee would, apart from this subsection, have the right to treat the contract as repudiated by reason of a breach on the part of the bailor of a term implied by section 8, 9 or 10(2)(a) or (c) above, but
b
the breach is so slight that it would be unreasonable for him to do so,
... the breach is not to be treated as a breach of condition but may be treated as a breach of warranty.
2
This section applies unless a contrary intention appears in, or is to be implied from, the contract.
3
It is for the bailor to show that a breach fell within subsection (1)(b) above.

Exclusion of implied terms, etc.

Exclusion of implied terms, etc.
11
1
Where a right, duty or liability would arise under a relevant contract for the transfer of goods or a relevant contract for the hire of goods by implication of law, it may (subject to subsection (2) below and the 1977 Act) be negatived or varied by express agreement, or by the course of dealing between the parties, or by such usage as binds both parties to the contract.
2
An express condition or warranty does not negative a condition or warranty implied by the preceding provisions of this Act unless inconsistent with it.
3
Nothing in the preceding provisions of this Act prejudices the operation of any other enactment or any rule of law whereby any condition or warranty (other than one relating to quality or fitness) is to be implied in a relevant contract for the transfer of goods or a relevant contract for the hire of goods.
Words in s. 1(1)(3) inserted (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(2) (with s. 8(3))
S. 1(2)(c) omitted (E.W.) (6.4.2005) by virtue of The Regulatory Reform (Trading Stamps) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/871) {art. 5(a)}; and repealed (N.I.) (15.11.2005) by The Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1452 (N.I. 7)), arts. 1(2), 21(2)(a), 24, Sch. 2; S.R. 2005/494, art. 2(1)(b)(d)
S. 4(2)(2A)(3) substituted (3.1.1995) for s. 4(2)(3) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(3) (with s. 8(3))
S. 4(9) repealed (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(3), Sch. 3 (with s. 8(3))
Words in s. 5(2)(c) substituted (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(4)(a) (with s. 8(3))
S. 5(3) repealed (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(4)(b), Sch.3 (with s. 8(3))
S. 5A inserted (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(5) (with s. 8(3))
Words in s. 6(1)(3) inserted (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(6) (with s. 8(3))
Words in s. 6(1) substituted (E.W.) (6.4.2005) by The Regulatory Reform (Trading Stamps) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/871) {art. 5(b)(i)}; (N.I.) (15.11.2005) by The Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1452 (N.I. 7)), arts. 1(2), 21(2)(b)(i); S.R. 2005/494, art. 2(1)(b)
S. 6(2) omitted (E.W.) (6.4.2005) by virtue of The Regulatory Reform (Trading Stamps) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/871) {art. 5(b)(ii)}; and repealed (N.I.) (15.11.2005) by The Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1452 (N.I. 7)), arts. 1(2), 21(2)(b)(ii), 24, Sch. 2; S.R. 2005/494, art. 2(1)(b)(d)
Words in s. 6(3) omitted (E.W.) (6.4.2005) by virtue of The Regulatory Reform (Trading Stamps) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/871) {art. 5(b)(iii)}; and repealed (N.I.) (15.11.2005) by The Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1452 (N.I. 7)), arts. 1(2), 21(2)(b)(iii), 24, Sch. 2; S.R. 2005/494, art. 2(1)(b)(d)
S. 9(2)(2A)(3) substituted (3.1.1995) for s. 9(2)(3) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(7) (with s. 8(3))
S. 9(9) repealed (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(7), Sch. 3 (with s. 8(3))
Words in s. 10(2)(c) substituted (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(8)(a) (with s. 8(3))
S. 10(3) repealed (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6(8)(b), Sch. 3 (with s. 8(3))
S. 10A inserted (3.1.1995) by 1994 c. 35, ss. 7, 8(2), Sch. 2 para. 6 (9) (with s. 8(3))
Words in Act substituted (1.10.2015) by Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 38(a); S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))
Words in Act substituted (1.10.2015) by Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 38(b); S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))
Words in s. 1(1) inserted (1.10.2015) by Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 39; S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))
Words in s. 10A(1) omitted (1.10.2015) by virtue of Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 44; S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))
S. 4(2B)-(2D) omitted (1.10.2015) by virtue of Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 40; S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))
Words in s. 5A(1) omitted (1.10.2015) by virtue of Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 41; S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))
Words in s. 6(1) inserted (1.10.2015) by Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 42; S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))
S. 9(2B)-(2D) omitted (1.10.2015) by virtue of Consumer Rights Act 2015 (c. 15), s. 100(5), Sch. 1 para. 43; S.I. 2015/1630, art. 3(g) (with art. 6(1))