Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

Sections 14 and 22.

[F1 SCHEDULE 9 E+W+S Animals and Plants to which Section 14 Applies

Textual Amendments

F1 Sch. 9 repealed (S.) (2.7.2012) by Wildlife and Natural Environment (Scotland) Act 2011 (asp 6), ss. 17(8), 43(1) (with s. 41(1)); S.S.I. 2012/175, art. 2(1)(c)

Part I E+W+S [F2 NON-NATIVE] Animals which are established in the wild

Textual Amendments

F2 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 heading inserted (E.W.) (5.3.2015 for E.) by Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7), ss. 24(2), 57(4); S.I. 2015/481, reg. 2(b)

Common name	Scientific name
Bass, Large-mouthed Black	Micropterus salmoides
Bass, Rock	Ambloplites rupestris
Bitterling	Rhodeus sericeus
[F3 [F4 Boar, Wild]]	[F3 [F4 Sus scrofa]]
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
[F4 Capercaillie]	[F4 Tetrao urogallus]
[F3 [F4 Chough]]	[F3 [F4 Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax]]
[F3 [F4 Corncrake]]	[F3 [F4 Crex crex]]
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
[F6 [F3 Crab, Chinese Mitten]]	[F6 [F3 Eriocheir sinensis]]
[F7 Crayfish, Noble]	[F7 Astacus astacus]
[F3 [F4 Crane, Common]]	[F3 [F4 Grus grus]]
[F6 [F3 Crayfish, Red Swamp]]	[F6 [F3 Procambarus clarkii]]
[F6 [F7 Crayfish, Signal]]	[F6 [F7 Pacifastacus leniusculus]]
[F6 [F3 Crayfish, Spiny-cheek]]	[F6 [F3 Orconectes limosus]]
[F7 Crayfish, Turkish]	[F7 Astacus leptodactylus]
[F3 Deer, Chinese Water]	[F3 Hydropotes inermis]
[F6 [F8 Deer, Muntjac]]	[F6 [F8 Muntiacus reevesi]]
[F7 Deer, Sika]	[F7 Cervus nippon]
[F9 Deer, any hybrid one of whose parents or other lineal ancestor was a Sika Deer]	[F9 Any hybrid of Cervus nippon]
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
Dormouse, Fat	Glis glis
Duck, Carolina Wood	Aix sponsa
Duck, Mandarin	Aix galericulata
[F6 Duck, Ruddy]	[F6 Oxyura jamaicensis]
[F4 Eagle, White-tailed]	[F4 Haliaetus albicilla]
[F3 Flatworm]	[F3 Kontikia andersoni]
[F3 Flatworm]	[F3 Kontikia ventrolineata]
[F3 Flatworm, Australian]	[F3 Australoplana sanguinea]
F10 . . .	F10 . . .
Frog, Edible	Rana esculenta
Frog, European Tree (otherwise known as Common tree frog)	Hyla arborea
Frog, Marsh	Rana ridibunda
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
[F3 Goose, Bar-headed]	[F3 Anser indicus]
[F3 Goose, Barnacle]	[F3 Branta leucopsis]
Goose, Canada	Branta canadensis
[F6 Goose, Egyptian]	[F6 Alopochen aegyptiacus]
[F3 Goose, Emperor]	[F3 Anser canagicus]
[F3 Goose, Snow]	[F3 Anser caerulescens]
[F3 [F4 Goshawk]]	[F3 [F4 Accipiter gentilis]]
Heron, Night	Nycticorax nycticorax
[F3 [F4 Kite, Red]]	[F3 [F4 Milvus milvus]]
[F3 Limpet, Slipper]	[F3 Crepidula fornicata]
Lizard, Common Wall	Podarcis muralis
Marmot, Prairie (otherwise known as Prairie dog)	Cynomys
Mink, American	Mustela vison
Newt, Alpine	Triturus alpestris
[F7 Newt, Italian Crested]	[F7 Triturus carnifex]
[F11 [F4 Owl, Barn]]	[F11 [F4 Tyto alba]]
[F3 Owl, Eagle]	[F3 Bubo bubo]
[F3 Oyster Drill, American]	[F3 Urosalpinx cinerea]
[F3 Parakeet, Monk]	[F3 Myiopsitta monachus]
Parakeet, Ring-necked	Psittacula krameri
Partridge, Chukar	Alectoris chukar
Partridge, Rock	Alectoris graeca
Pheasant, Golden	Chrysolophus pictus
Pheasant, Lady Amherst’s	Chrysolophus amherstiae
Pheasant, Reeves’	Syrmaticus reevesii
Pheasant, Silver	Lophura nycthemera
[F3 Pochard, Red-crested]	[F3 Netta rufina]
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
F12 . . .	F12 . . .
F5 . . .	F5 . . .
Rat, Black	Rattus rattus
[F3 Shelduck, Ruddy]	[F3 Tadorna ferruginea]
[F7 Snake, Aesculapian]	[F7 Elaphe longissima]
[F6 Squirrel, Grey]	[F6 Sciurus carolinensis]
[F3 Swan, Black]	[F3 Cygnus atratus.]
Terrapin, European Pond	Emys orbicularis
Toad, African Clawed	Xenopus laevis
Toad, Midwife	Alytes obstetricans
Toad, Yellow-bellied	Bombina variegata
Wallaby, Red-necked	Macropus rufogriseus
Wels (otherwise known as European catfish)	Silurus glanis
Zander	Stizostedion lucioperca
[F13 With respect to any area in England which on 31st May 2021— (a) is a European site within the meaning of regulation 8 of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2017, or (b) is within 500 metres of the boundary of a site described in paragraph (a)—]
(i) [F13 Partridge, Red-legged (ii) [F13 Pheasant, Common	(i) Alectoris rufa] (ii) Phasianus colchicus]

Textual Amendments

F3 Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (E.W.) (6.4.2010) by The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England and Wales) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/609), art. 2(2)

F4 Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.W.) (5.3.2015 for E.) by virtue of Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7), ss. 24(3), 57(4); S.I. 2015/481, reg. 2(b)

F5 Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 removed (E.W.) (6.4.2010) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England and Wales) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/609), art. 2(3)

F6 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.W.) (1.12.2019) by virtue of The Invasive Alien Species (Enforcement and Permitting) Order 2019 (S.I. 2019/527), art. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 1(3)(a) (with art. 1(2)(4)) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1213, regs. 1, 2(2))

F7 Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (17.3.1992) by S.I. 1992/320, art. 2.

F8 Entry in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (5.3.1997) by S.I. 1997/226, art. 2

F9 Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (28.4.1999) by S.I. 1999/1002, art. 2

F10 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.) (4.5.2021) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/236), arts. 1(b), 2(2); and words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (W.) (10.9.2025) by virtue of Legislation (Procedure, Publication and Repeals) (Wales) Act 2025 (asc 3), s. 9(2)(d), Sch. 1 para. 53(a)(i)

F11 Entry in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 added (25.11.1992) by S.I. 1992/2674, art. 2.

F12 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (E.) (4.5.2021) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/236), arts. 1(b), 2(2); and words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 omitted (W.) (10.9.2025) by virtue of Legislation (Procedure, Publication and Repeals) (Wales) Act 2025 (asc 3), s. 9(2)(d), Sch. 1 para. 53(a)(ii)

F13 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1 inserted (31.5.2021) by The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England) (No. 2) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/548), arts. 1(1), 2(2) (with art. 4) (which expiring provision is revoked (31.1.2025) by S.I. 2024/1342, arts. 1(1), 2(2))

[F14 PART IA E+W NATIVE ANIMALS

Textual Amendments

F14 Sch. 9 Pt. 1A inserted (E.W.) (5.3.2015 for E.) by Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7), ss. 24(4), 57(4); S.I. 2015/481, reg. 2(b)

NOTE. The common name or names given in the first column of this Schedule are included by way of guidance only; in the event of any dispute or proceedings, the common name or names shall not be taken into account.]
Common name	Scientific name
[F15 Beaver, Eurasian	Castor fiber]
Capercaillie	Tetrao urogallus
Chough	Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Corncrake	Crex crex
Crane, Common	Grus grus
Eagle, White-tailed	Haliaetus albicilla
Goshawk	Accipiter gentilis
Kite, Red	Milvus milvus
Owl, Barn	Tyto alba.

Textual Amendments

F15 Sch. 9 Pt. 1A entry inserted (E) (1.10.2022) by The Beavers (England) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/858), arts. 1(1), 3(2)

[F16 PART IB E+W ANIMALS NO LONGER NORMALLY PRESENT

Textual Amendments

F16 Sch. 9 Pt. 1B inserted (E.W.) (5.3.2015 for E.) by Infrastructure Act 2015 (c. 7), ss. 24(5), 57(4); S.I. 2015/481, reg. 2(b)

NOTE. The common name or names given in the first column of this Schedule are included by way of guidance only; in the event of any dispute or proceedings, the common name or names shall not be taken into account.]
Common name	Scientific name
[F17 Beaver, Eurasian	Castor fiber]
Boar, Wild	Sus Scrofa.

Textual Amendments

F17 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 1B omitted (E.) (1.10.2022) by virtue of The Beavers (England) Order 2022 (S.I. 2022/858), arts. 1(1), 3(3)

Part II E+W+S Plants

Common name	Scientific name
[F18 Alexanders, Perfoliate]	[F18 Smyrnium perfoliatum]
[F18 Algae, Red]	[F18 Grateloupia luxurians]
[F18 Archangel, Variegated Yellow]	[F18 Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum]
[F18 Azalea, Yellow]	[F18 Rhododendron luteum]
[F19 [F18 Balsam, Himalayan]]	[F19 [F18 Impatiens glandulifera]]
[F18 Cotoneaster]	[F18 Cotoneaster horizontalis]
[F18 Cotoneaster, Entire-leaved]	[F18 Cotoneaster integrifolius]
[F18 Cotoneaster, Himalayan]	[F18 Cotoneaster simonsii]
[F18 Cotoneaster, Hollyberry]	[F18 Cotoneaster bullatus]
[F18 Cotoneaster, Small-leaved]	[F18 Cotoneaster microphyllus]
[F18 Creeper, False Virginia]	[F18 Parthenocissus inserta]
[F18 Creeper, Virginia]	[F18 Parthenocissus quinquefolia]
[F18 Dewplant, Purple]	[F18 Disphyma crassifolium]
[F19 [F18 Fanwort]]	[F19 [F18 Cabomba caroliniana]]
[F18 Fern, Water]	[F18 Azolla filiculoides]
[F18 Fig, Hottentot]	[F18 Carpobrotus edulis]
[F18 Garlic, Three-cornered]	[F18 Allium triquetrum]
[F19 Hogweed, Giant]	[F19 Heracleum mantegazzianum]
[F19 [F18 Hyacinth, water]]	[F19 [F18 Eichhornia crassipes]]
[F20 Kelp, Giant]	[F20 Macrocystis angustifolia]
[F20 Kelp, Giant]	[F20 Macrocystis integrifolia]
[F20 Kelp, Giant]	[F20 Macrocystis laevis]
Kelp, Giant	Macrocystis pyrifera
[F20 Kelp, Japanese]	[F20 Laminaria japonica]
[F18 Knotweed, Giant]	[F18 Fallopia sachalinensis]
[F18 Knotweed, Hybrid]	[F18 Fallopia japonica x Fallopia sachalinensis
[F18 Knotweed, Japanese]	[F18 Fallopia japonica]
[F21 Knotweed, Japanese]	[F21 Polygonum cuspidatum]
[F18 Leek, Few-flowered]	[F18 Allium paradoxum]
[F18 Lettuce, water]	[F18 Pistia stratiotes]
[F18 Montbretia]	[F18 Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora]
[F19 [F18 Parrot's-feather]]	[F19 [F18 Myriophyllum aquaticum]]
[F19 [F18 Pennywort, Floating]]	[F19 [F18 Hydrocotyle ranunculoides]]
[F18 Potato, Duck]	[F18 Sagittaria latifolia]
[F19 [F18 Primrose, Floating Water]]	[F19 [F18 Ludwigia peploides]]
[F19 [F18 Primrose, Water]]	[F19 [F18 Ludwigia grandiflora]]
[F18 Primrose, Water]	[F18 Ludwigia uruguayensis]
[F18 Rhododendron]	[F18 Rhododendron ponticum]
[F18 Rhododendron]	[F18 Rhododendron ponticum x Rhododendron maximum]
[F19 [F18 Rhubarb, Giant]]	[F19 [F18 Gunnera tinctoria]]
[F18 Rose, Japanese]	[F18 Rosa rugosa]
F22 . . .	F22 . . .
[F18 Seafingers, Green]	[F18 Codium fragile]
[F21 Seafingers, Green]	[F21 Codium fragile tomentosoides]
[F20 Seaweed, Californian Red]	[F20 Pikea californica]
[F20 Seaweed, Hooked Asparagus]	[F20 Asparagopsis armata]
Seaweed, Japanese	Sargassum muticum
[F20 Seaweeds, Laver (except native species)]	[F20 Porphyra spp except -]
	[F20 p. amethystea]
	[F20 p. leucosticta]
	[F20 p. linearis]
	[F20 p. miniata]
	[F20 p. purpurea]
	[F20 p. umbilicalis]
[F18 Stonecrop, Australian Swamp (otherwise known as New Zealand Pygmyweed)]	[F18 Crassula helmsii]
[F20 Wakame]	[F20 Undaria pinnatifida]
[F19 [F18 Waterweed, Curly]]	[F19 [F18 Lagarosiphon major]]
[F23 [F18 Waterweeds]] [F23 Waterweeds (except Nuttall’s Waterweed)]	[F23 [F18 All species of the genus Elodea.]] [F23 All species of the genus Elodea, except Elodea nuttallii]

Textual Amendments

F18 Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 2 added (E.W.) (6.4.2010) by The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England and Wales) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/609), art. 2(4)

F19 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 2 omitted (E.W.) (1.12.2019) by virtue of The Invasive Alien Species (Enforcement and Permitting) Order 2019 (S.I. 2019/527), art. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 1(3)(b)(i) (with art. 1(2)(4)) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1213, regs. 1, 2(2))

F20 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 2 added (17.3.1992) by S.I. 1992/320, art. 3

F21 Entries in Sch. 9 Pt. 2 removed (E.W.) (6.4.2010) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England and Wales) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/609), art. 2(5)

F22 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 2 omitted (E.) (4.5.2021) by virtue of The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 9) (England) Order 2021 (S.I. 2021/236), arts. 1(b), 2(3); and words in Sch. 9 Pt. 2 omitted (W.) (10.9.2025) by virtue of Legislation (Procedure, Publication and Repeals) (Wales) Act 2025 (asc 3), s. 9(2)(d), Sch. 1 para. 53(b)

F23 Words in Sch. 9 Pt. 2 substituted (E.W.) (1.12.2019) by The Invasive Alien Species (Enforcement and Permitting) Order 2019 (S.I. 2019/527), art. 1(1), Sch. 4 para. 1(3)(b)(ii) (with art. 1(2)(4)) (as amended by S.I. 2019/1213, regs. 1, 2(2))

Note. The common name or names given in the first column of this Schedule are included by way of guidance only; in the event of any dispute or proceedings, the common name or names shall not be taken into account.]]