1.These Explanatory Notes relate to the Budget (No. 2) Act (Northern Ireland) 2025 which received Royal Assent on 28 July 2025. They have been prepared by the Department of Finance in order to assist the reader in understanding the Act. They do not form part of the Act and have not been endorsed by the Assembly.
2.The notes should be read in conjunction with the Act. They do not, and are not meant to be, a comprehensive description of the Act. So where a section or part of a section does not seem to require an explanation or comment, none is given.
3.Budget Acts are the legislative means by which Assembly approval is sought for departments and certain other public bodies to incur expenditure and use resources as detailed in the corresponding Estimates volume and summarised in the Schedules to the Acts. Furthermore, Budget Acts enable the Assembly to hold departments accountable for managing and controlling those resources within the limits authorised.
4.The Budget (No. 2) Act will not only authorise the use of resources but contains powers to authorise the issue of sums of cash from the Consolidated Fund of Northern Ireland to departments and other public bodies to be used for the purposes specified in the Schedules to the Act. The Budget (No. 2) Act also authorises the use of income for purposes specified in Schedules 1 to the Act.
5.Estimates volumes and other relevant documents are also published to correspond to the Budget (No. 2) Act. Separate Budget Acts will be introduced relating to the Main Estimates (voted provision for a full financial year) and subsequent Supplementary Estimates which revises that provision as a result of the Executive’s in-year process. The Budget Act relating to the Supplementary Estimates will also provide interim resources and funding for the first few months of the next financial year.
6.The Act will give effect to the 2025-26 Main Estimates and authorises the use of resources for 2025-26.
7.For 2025-26 a total amount of £30,772,659,000 is authorised.
8.The resources (current and capital) authorised for use for the year ending 31 March 2026 are to be used for the purposes specified in Part 2 of the estimates set out in Schedule 1 to the Act.
9.The Act will also authorise the issue of cash from the Consolidated Fund of Northern Ireland in support of services for 2025-26. For 2025-26 the Act will authorise a total amount of £27,431,599,000.
10.The sums to be issued from the Consolidated Fund of Northern Ireland for the year ending 31 March 2026 are to be used for the purposes set out in Part 2 of the estimates contained in Schedule 1 to the Act.
11.In addition, the Act will authorise temporary borrowing by the Department of Finance. For 2025-26 up to £13,715,800,000 may be borrowed to be repaid no later than 31 March 2026. This is a normal safeguard to allow the efficient management of the Consolidated Fund of Northern Ireland and does not authorise any additional expenditure.
Sections 1 and 2 authorise the use of resources by Northern Ireland departments and other specified public bodies amounting to £30,772,659,000 for 2025-26 for the purposes specified in Part 2 of the estimates set out in Schedule 1. The authorisations in sections 1 and 2 supersede those made by sections 1 and 2 of the Budget Act (Northern Ireland) 2025.
Sections 3 and 4 authorise the Department of Finance to issue out of the Consolidated Fund for Northern Ireland the sum of £27,431,599,000 for 2025-26 for the purposes set out in Part 2 of the estimates set out in Schedule 1. The authorisations in sections 3 and 4 supersede those made by sections 3 and 4 of the Budget Act (Northern Ireland) 2025.
Section 5 authorises the Department of Finance to borrow a sum or sums up to approximately half of the sum specified in section 3. This is a normal safeguard against the possibility of a temporary deficiency arising in the Consolidated Fund for Northern Ireland. Any sum borrowed is to be repaid by 31 March 2026.
Section 6 authorises the use of income by Northern Ireland departments and specified public bodies from a source specified in Part 3 of the estimates set out in Schedule 1 for the purposes specified in Part 2 of those estimates, subject to certain conditions.
Section 7 is self-explanatory.
Section 8 sets out the short title of the Budget (No 2) Act (Northern Ireland) 2025.
Schedule 1: Estimates for the year ending 31 March 2026.
12.The following table sets out the dates of the Hansard reports for each stage of the Act’s passage through the Northern Ireland Assembly and the date Royal Assent was received.
| Stage | Date |
|---|---|
| Introduction | 3 June 2025 |
| Second Stage Debate | 9 June 2025 |
| Consideration Stage | 10 June 2025 |
| Further Consideration Stage | 16 June 2025 |
| Final Stage | 16 June 2025 |
| Royal Assent | Received 28 July 2025 |