Central Authorities shall communicate information on national laws, procedures and services available in matters of parental responsibility and take the measures that they consider appropriate for improving the application of this Regulation.

Central Authorities shall cooperate and promote cooperation among the competent authorities in their Member States to achieve the purposes of this Regulation.

For the purposes of paragraph 1 and 2, the European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters may be used.

Central Authorities shall, upon request from a Central Authority of another Member State, cooperate in individual cases to achieve the purposes of this Regulation.

Requests pursuant to this Chapter may be made by a court or a competent authority. Requests pursuant to points (c) and (g) of Article 79 and point (c) of Article 80(1) may also be made by holders of parental responsibility.

Except in urgent cases and without prejudice to Article 86, requests pursuant to this Chapter shall be submitted to the Central Authority of the Member State of the requesting court or competent authority or of the applicant's habitual residence.

This Article shall not preclude Central Authorities or competent authorities from entering into or maintaining existing agreements or arrangements with Central Authorities or competent authorities of one or more other Member States allowing direct communications in their mutual relations.

This Chapter shall not preclude any holder of parental responsibility from applying directly to the courts of another Member State.

Nothing in Articles 79 and 80 shall impose an obligation on a Central Authority to exercise powers that can be exercised only by judicial authorities under the law of the requested Member State.

In any case where the child is exposed to a serious danger, the court or competent authority contemplating or having taken measures for the protection of the child, if it is aware that the child's residence has changed to, or that the child is present in, another Member State, shall inform the courts or competent authorities of that other Member State about the danger involved and the measures taken or under consideration. This information may be transmitted directly or through the Central Authorities.

The requests referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 and any additional documents shall be accompanied by a translation into the official language of the requested Member State or, where there are several official languages in that Member State, into the official language or one of the official languages of the place where the request is to be carried out, or any other language that the requested Member State expressly accepts. Member States shall communicate such acceptance to the Commission in accordance with Article 103.

Except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible, the information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be transmitted to the requesting Central Authority no later than three months following the receipt of the request.

A court of a Member State may request the courts or competent authorities of another Member State to assist in the implementation of decisions in matters of parental responsibility given under this Regulation, in particular in securing the effective exercise of rights of access.

The request referred to in paragraph 1 and any accompanying documents shall be accompanied by a translation into the official language of the requested Member State or, where there are several official languages in that Member State, into the official language or one of the official languages of the place where the request is to be carried out or any other language that the requested Member State expressly accepts. Member States shall communicate such acceptance to the Commission in accordance with Article 103.

Where a court or a competent authority contemplates the placement of a child in another Member State, it shall first obtain the consent of the competent authority in that other Member State. To that effect the Central Authority of the requesting Member State shall transmit to the Central Authority of the requested Member State where the child is to be placed a request for consent which includes a report on the child together with the reasons for the proposed placement or provision of care, information on any contemplated funding and any other information it considers relevant, such as the expected duration of the placement.

Paragraph 1 shall not apply where the child is to be placed with a parent.

Member States may decide that their consent pursuant to paragraph 1 is not required for placements within their own territory with certain categories of close relatives in addition to parents. Those categories shall be communicated to the Commission pursuant to Article 103.

The Central Authority of another Member State may inform a court or competent authority which contemplates a placement of a child of a close connection of the child with that Member State. This shall not affect the national law and procedure of the Member State contemplating the placement.

The request and any additional documents referred to in paragraph 1 shall be accompanied by a translation into the official language of the requested Member State or, where there are several official languages in that Member State, into the official language or one of the official languages of the place where the request is to be carried out, or any other language that the requested Member State expressly accepts. Member States shall communicate such acceptance to the Commission in accordance with Article 103.

The placement referred to in paragraph 1 shall only be ordered or arranged by the requesting Member State after the competent authority of the requested Member State has consented to the placement.

Except where exceptional circumstances make this impossible, the decision granting or refusing consent shall be transmitted to the requesting Central Authority no later than three months following the receipt of the request.

The procedure for obtaining consent shall be governed by the national law of the requested Member State.

This Article shall not preclude Central Authorities or competent authorities from entering into or maintaining existing agreements or arrangements with Central Authorities or competent authorities of one or more other Member States simplifying the consultation procedure for obtaining consent in their mutual relations.

The assistance provided by the Central Authorities pursuant to this Regulation shall be free of charge.

Each Central Authority shall bear its own costs in applying this Regulation.

In order to facilitate the application of this Regulation, Central Authorities shall meet regularly.

The meetings of Central Authorities shall be convened, in particular, by the Commission within the framework of the European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters in compliance with Decision 2001/470/EC.