the previous DF test was conducted on engine technology that would have qualified for inclusion in the same engine after-treatment system family, as set out in point 3.1.2, as the engine family to which it is intended to apply the DFs; and, the test results were used in a previous type-approval granted before the applicable EU type-approval date given in Annex III to Regulation (EU) 2016/1628.

Evaluation of the design criteria may be performed in a cold chamber test cell using an entire non-road mobile machinery or parts representative of those to be installed on a non-road mobile machinery or based on field tests.

Activation of the operator warning and inducement system for a non-heated system

A description of the connection for, and method to read, the records referred to in point (e) shall be included in the information folder set out in Part A of Annex I to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/656;

the NOx value at which the NCM shall be detected shall not exceed the lower of either the applicable NOx limit multiplied by 2,25 or the applicable NOx limit plus 1,5 g/kWh. For engine sub-categories with a combined HC and NOx limit, the applicable NOx limit value for the purpose of this point shall be the combined limit value for HC and NOx reduced by 0,19 g/kWh. a single warning may be used, including, where messages are used, the statement “high NOx – root cause unknown”, in point 9.4.1 the maximum number of engine operating hours between the activation of the operator warning system and the activation of the low-level inducement system shall be reduced to 10, in point 9.4.2 the maximum number of engine operating hours between the activation of the operator warning system and the activation of the severe inducement system shall be reduced to 20.

The compliance of the warning system activation shall be demonstrated by performing two tests: lack of reagent, and one failure category identified in sections 7, 8 or 9.

Selection of the failure to be tested among those referred to in sections 7, 8 or 9.

For the purpose of the random selections required in point 3, acknowledged statistical methods of randomization shall be used.

In the case that a regeneration event occurs during or immediately preceding the procedure set out in point 4, upon completion of that procedure the test may be voided at the request of the manufacturer, irrespective of the cause of the regeneration. In this case the test shall be repeated. The same torque and speed points shall be used although the running order may be changed. It shall not be deemed necessary to repeat any torque and speed points for which a pass result has already been obtained. The following procedure shall be used for repeating the test:

The engine shall be operated in a manner to ensure that the regeneration event has completed and, where applicable, the soot load in the particulate after-treatment system has been re-established; The engine warm-up procedure shall be performed in accordance with point 7.8.1.1 of Annex VI; The test procedure specified in point 4 shall be repeated commencing at the stage referred to in point 4(b).

In order to calculate the MTS the transient mapping procedure shall be performed in accordance with point 7.4. The MTS is then determined from the mapped values of engine speed versus power. MTS shall be calculated by means of one of the following options:

Calculation based upon low speed and high speed values

MTS = n lo + 0,95 · (n hi – n lo)

(6-1)

where: n hi is the high speed as defined in Article 1(12), n lo is the low speed as defined in Article 1(13). Calculation based upon the longest vector method

MTS = ni

(6-2)

where: n i is the average of the lowest and highest speeds at which (n 2 norm i  + P 2 norm i ) is equal to 98 % of the maximum value of (n 2 norm i  + P 2 norm i ) If there is only one speed at which the value of (n 2 norm i  + P 2 norm i ) is equal to 98 % of the maximum value of (n 2 norm i  + P 2 norm i ):

MTS = n i

(6-3)

where: n i is the speed at which the maximum value of (n 2 norm i  + P 2 norm i ) occurs. where: n is the engine speed i is an indexing variable that represents one recorded value of an engine map n norm i is an engine speed normalized by dividing it by $n_{P_{\max }}$ P norm i is an engine power normalized by dividing it by Pmax $n_{P_{\max }}$ is the average of the lowest and highest speeds at which power is equal to 98 % of P max. Linear interpolation shall be used between the mapped values to determine: the speeds where power is equal to 98 % of P max. If there is only one speed at which power is equal to 98 % of Pmax, $n_{P_{\max }}$ shall be the speed at which Pmax occurs; the speeds where (n 2 norm i  + P 2 norm i ) is equal to 98 % of the maximum value of (n 2 norm i  + P 2 norm i ).

Where applicable as per point 6.3.2 and 6.3.3, the values of auxiliary power and the measurement/calculation method for determining auxiliary power shall be submitted by the engine manufacturer for the whole operating area of the applicable test cycles, and approved by the approval authority.

Upon request by the manufacturer, the approval authority may account for regeneration events differently than pursuant to point (a). However, this option only applies to events that occur extremely infrequently, and which cannot be practically addressed using the adjustment factors described in point 6.6.2.3.

A natural or forced cool-down procedure may be applied. For forced cool-down, good engineering judgment shall be used to set up systems to send cooling air across the engine, to send cool oil through the engine lubrication system, to remove heat from the coolant through the engine cooling system, and to remove heat from an exhaust after-treatment system. In the case of a forced after-treatment cool down, cooling air shall not be applied until the exhaust after-treatment system has cooled below its catalytic activation temperature. Any cooling procedure that results in unrepresentative emissions is not permitted.

If there is any presumption of an essential HC contamination of the exhaust gas measuring system, the contamination with HC may be checked with zero gas and the hang-up may then be corrected. If the amount of contamination of the measuring system and the background HC system has to be checked, it shall be conducted within 8 hours of starting each test-cycle. The values shall be recorded for later correction. Before this check, the leak check has to be performed and the FID analyzer has to be calibrated.

The following steps shall be taken before emission sampling begins:

Leak checks shall be performed within 8 hours prior to emission sampling in accordance with point 8.1.8.7; For batch sampling, clean storage media shall be connected, such as evacuated bags or tare-weighed filters; All measurement instruments shall be started in accordance with the instrument manufacturer's instructions and good engineering judgment; Dilution systems, sample pumps, cooling fans, and the data-collection system shall be started; The sample flow rates shall be adjusted to desired levels, using bypass flow, if desired; Heat exchangers in the sampling system shall be pre-heated or pre-cooled to within their operating temperature ranges for a test; Heated or cooled components such as sample lines, filters, chillers, and pumps shall be allowed to stabilize at their operating temperatures; Exhaust gas dilution system flow shall be switched on at least 10 minutes before a test sequence; Calibration of gas analyzers and zeroing of continuous analyzers shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure of point 7.3.1.5; Any electronic integrating devices shall be zeroed or re-zeroed, before the start of any test interval.

Appropriate gas analyzer ranges shall be selected. Emission analyzers with automatic or manual range switching are allowed. During a test using transient (NRTC or LSI-NRTC) test cycles or RMC and during a sampling period of a gaseous emission at the end of each mode for discrete-mode NRSC testing, the range of the emission analyzers shall not be switched. Also the gains of an analyzer's analogue operational amplifier(s) shall not be switched during a test cycle.

All continuous analyzers shall be zeroed and spanned using internationally-traceable gases that meet the specifications of point 9.5.1. FID analyzers shall be spanned on a carbon number basis of one (C1).

The procedures for PM filter preconditioning and tare weighing shall be performed in accordance with point 8.2.3.

The EU type-approval test shall be conducted using the appropriate NRSC and, where applicable, NRTC or LSI-NRTC, specified in Article 18 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 and Annex IV thereto. The technical specifications and characteristics of the NRSC, NRTC and LSI-NRTC are laid down in Annex XVII of this Regulation and the method for determination of the torque, power and speed settings for these test cycles set out in section 5.2.

Internal quality procedures traceable to recognised national or international standards shall be applied. Otherwise the following procedures apply.

The hydrocarbon contamination verification in the sample system shall be performed as described in point 7.3.1.3;

H2O can interfere with an NDIR analyzer's response to CO2. If the NDIR analyzer uses compensation algorithms that utilize measurements of other gases to meet this interference verification, these other measurements shall be conducted simultaneously to test the compensation algorithms during the analyzer interference verification.

A humidified test gas shall be created by bubbling zero air that meets the specifications set out in point 9.5.1 through distilled water in a sealed vessel. If the sample is not passed through a dryer, control the vessel temperature to generate an H2O content in the test gas at least as high as the maximum expected during testing. If the sample is passed through a dryer during testing, control the vessel temperature to generate an H2O content in the test gas at least as high as the maximum expected at the outlet of the dryer, in accordance with point 9.3.2.3.1.1;

A humidified CO2 test gas shall be created by bubbling a CO2 span gas through distilled water in a sealed vessel. If the sample is not passed through a dryer, the vessel temperature shall be controlled to generate an H2O content in the test gas at least as high as the maximum expected during testing. If the sample is passed through a dryer during testing, the vessel temperature shall be controlled to generate an H2O content in the test gas at least as high as the maximum expected at the outlet of the dryer, in accordance with point 9.3.2.3.1.1. A CO2 span gas concentration shall be used at least as high as the maximum expected during testing;

If a humidity sensor for continuous monitoring of dew point at the sample dryer outlet is used this check does not apply, as long as it is ensured that the dryer outlet humidity is below the minimum values used for quench, interference, and compensation checks.

If a sample dryer is used as allowed in point 9.3.2.3.1 to remove water from the sample gas, the performance shall be verified upon installation, after major maintenance, for thermal chillers. For osmotic membrane dryers, the performance shall be verified upon installation, after major maintenance, and within 35 days of testing.

Water can inhibit an analyzer's ability to properly measure the exhaust component of interest and thus is sometimes removed before the sample gas reaches the analyzer. For example water can negatively interfere with a CLD's NOx response through collisional quenching and can positively interfere with an NDIR analyzer by causing a response similar to CO.

The sample dryer shall meet the specifications as determined in point 9.3.2.3.1 for dew point, T dew, and absolute pressure, p total, downstream of the osmotic-membrane dryer or thermal chiller.

The following sample dryer verification procedure method shall be used to determine sample dryer performance, or good engineering judgment shall be used to develop a different protocol:

polytetrafluoroethylene (“PTFE”) or stainless steel tubing shall be used to make necessary connections; N2 or purified air shall be humidified by bubbling it through distilled water in a sealed vessel that humidifies the gas to the highest sample dew point that is estimated during emission sampling; The humidified gas shall be introduced upstream of the sample dryer; The humidified gas temperature downstream of the vessel shall be maintained at least 5 K (5 °C) above its dew point; The humidified gas dew point, T dew, and pressure, p total, shall be measured as close as possible to the inlet of the sample dryer to verify that the dew point is the highest that was estimated during emission sampling; The humidified gas dew point, T dew, and pressure, p total, shall be measured as close as possible to the outlet of the sample dryer; The sample dryer meets the verification if the result of point (d)(vi) of this section is less than the dew point corresponding to the sample dryer specifications as determined in point 9.3.2.3.1 plus 2 K (2 °C) or if the mol fraction from (d)(vi) is less than the corresponding sample dryer specifications plus 0,002 mol/mol or 0,2 volume %. Note for this verification, sample dew point is expressed in absolute temperature, Kelvin.

For THC transfer lines a wall temperature tolerance throughout the entire line of (464 ± 11) K [(191 ± 11) °C] shall be maintained. If sampled from raw exhaust gas, an unheated, insulated transfer line may be connected directly to a probe. The length and insulation of the transfer line shall be designed to cool the highest expected raw exhaust gas temperature to no lower than 191 °C, as measured at the transfer line outlet. For dilute sampling a transition zone between the probe and transfer line of up to 0,92 m in length is allowed to transition the wall temperature to (464 ± 11) K [(191 ± 11) °C].

CH4, balance purified synthetic air and/or N2 (as applicable);

Calibration gases may be relabelled and used after their expiration date if it is approved in advance by approval authority.

The calculation of gaseous emissions mass m gas [g/test] as a function of molar emissions flow rates shall be calculated as follows:

Continuous sampling, varying flow rate, shall be calculated by means of equation (7-106):

$m_{\mathrm{gas}}=\frac{1}{f}\times M_{\mathrm{gas}}\times \sum _{i=1}^N{ṅ}_{\mathrm{exhi}}\times X_{\mathrm{gasi}}$

[see equation (7-106)]

Where: M gas generic emission molar mass [g/mol] ṅexhi instantaneous exhaust gas molar flow rate on a wet basis [mol/s] xgasi instantaneous generic gas molar concentration on a wet basis [mol/mol] f data sampling rate [Hz] N number of measurements [-] Continuous sampling, constant flow rate, shall be calculated by means of equation (7-107):

$m_{\mathrm{gas}}=M_{\mathrm{gas}}\times {ṅ}_{\mathrm{exh}}\times {\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{gas}}\times \Delta t$

[see equation (7-107)]

Where: M gas generic emission molar mass [g/mol] ṅexh exhaust gas molar flow rate on a wet basis [mol/s] ${\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{gas}}$ mean gaseous emission molar fraction on a wet basis [mol/mol] Δt time duration of test interval Batch sampling, regardless the flow rate is varying or constant, shall be calculated by means of equation (7-108):

$m_{\mathrm{gas}}=\frac{1}{f}\times M_{\mathrm{gas}}\times {\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{gas}}\sum _{i=1}^N{ṅ}_{\mathrm{exhi}}$

[see equation (7-108)]

Where: M gas generic emission molar mass [g/mol] ṅexhi instantaneous exhaust gas molar flow rate on a wet basis [mol/s] ${\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{gas}}$ mean gaseous emission molar fraction on a wet basis [mol/mol] f data sampling rate [Hz] N number of measurements [-] In case of diluted exhaust gas calculated values for mass of the pollutants shall be corrected by subtracting the mass of background emissions, due to dilution air: Firstly, the molar flow rate of dilution air nairdil [mol/s] shall be determined over the test interval. This may be a measured quantity or a quantity calculated from the diluted exhaust gas flow and the flow-weighted mean fraction of dilution air in diluted exhaust gas, ${\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{dil}∕\mathrm{exh}}$ ; The total flow of dilution air n airdil [mol] shall be multiplied by the mean concentration of background emission. This may be a time-weighted mean or a flow-weighted mean (e.g., a proportionally sampled background). The product of n airdil and the mean concentration of a background emission is the total amount of a background emission; If the result is a molar quantity, it shall be converted to a mass of the background emission m bkgnd [g] by multiplying it by emission molar mass, M gas [g/mol]; Total background mass shall be subtracted from total mass to correct for background emissions; The total flow of dilution air may be determined by a direct flow measurement. In this case, the total mass of background shall be calculated, using the dilution air flow, n airdil. The background mass shall be subtracted from the total mass. The result shall be used in brake-specific emission calculations; The total flow of dilution air may be determined from the total flow of diluted exhaust gas and a chemical balance of the fuel, intake air, and exhaust gas as described in point 3.4. In this case, the total mass of background shall be calculated, using the total flow of diluted exhaust gas, n dexh. Then this result shall be multiplied by the flow-weighted mean fraction of dilution air in diluted exhaust gas, ${\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{dil}∕\mathrm{exh}}$ . Considering the two cases (v) and (vi), equations (7-115) and (7-116) shall be used:

$m_{\mathrm{bkgnd}}=M_{\mathrm{gas}}\times x_{\mathrm{gasdil}}\times n_{\mathrm{airdil}}$ or $m_{\mathrm{bkgnd}}=M_{\mathrm{gas}}\times {\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{dil}∕\mathrm{exh}}\times {\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{bkgnd}}\times n_{\mathrm{dexh}}$	(7-115)
m gascor = m gas – m bkgnd	(7-116)

where: m gas total mass of the gaseous emission [g] m bkgnd total background masses [g] m gascor mass of gas corrected for background emissions [g] M gas molecular mass of generic gaseous emission [g/mol] x gasdil gaseous emission concentration in dilution air [mol/mol] n airdil dilution air molar flow [mol] ${\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{dil}∕\mathrm{exh}}$ flow-weighted mean fraction of dilution air in diluted exhaust gas [mol/mol] ${\bar{x}}_{\mathrm{bkgnd}}$ gas fraction of background [mol/mol] n dexh total flow of diluted exhaust gas [mol]