THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 February 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of agricultural and forestry vehicles, and in particular Articles 19(6) and 20(8), 28(6) and 53(12), thereof,
Whereas:
(1)
Having regard to the European strategy on clean and energy efficient vehicles, the detailed technical requirements for the type-approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles with regard to their environmental and propulsion unit performance should aim at improving the environmental performance of such vehicles and at the same time strengthening the competitiveness of the Union's automotive industry.
(2)
A considerable reduction in hydrocarbon emissions from agricultural and forestry vehicles is necessary to improve air quality and comply with limit values for pollution. That objective should be achieved not only by reducing the hydrocarbon tailpipe and evaporative emissions from these vehicles, but also by helping to reduce volatile particle levels.
(3)
Given the application of the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council — on engine categories, exhaust emission limits, test cycles, emission durability periods, exhaust emission requirements, the monitoring of emissions of in-service engines and the conduct of measurements and tests, as well as the transitional provisions and provisions allowing the early EU type-approval and the placing on the market of Stage V engines — to the environmental performance of agricultural and forestry vehicles, the provisions of this Regulation covering the remaining aspects of such approval should be closely modelled on those contained in Regulation (EU) 2016/1628.
(4)
For the purposes of the engine pollutant emission stage for agricultural and forestry vehicle engines, referred to as ‘Stage V’, that will succeed the one laid down in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/96, ambitious gaseous and particulate matter pollutant emission limits should be set while aligning with international standards in order to reduce emissions of particulate matter and ozone precursors such as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.
(5)
A standardised method of measuring fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of agricultural and forestry vehicle engines is necessary to ensure that no technical barriers to trade arise between the Member States. For the same reason, it is also appropriate to ensure that customers and users are supplied with objective and precise information regarding the same subjects.
(6)
In order to ensure that new vehicles, components and separate technical units placed on the market provide a high level of environmental protection, equipment or parts that can be fitted to agricultural and forestry vehicles and which are capable of significantly impairing the functioning of systems that are essential in terms of environmental protection should be subject to prior control by an approval authority before they are placed on the market. For that purpose, technical provisions concerning the requirements that those parts or equipment have to comply with should be laid down.
(7)
Technical progress and high-level environmental protection require prescribing technical requirements for the introduction of Stage V in relation to agricultural and forestry vehicles, replacing the previous engine pollutant emission stages laid down in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/96. The necessary technical requirements concerning in particular engine categories, limit values and implementation dates in this Regulation, should be aligned to the ones in Regulation (EU) 2016/1628.
(8)
By Council Decision 97/836/EC, the Union has acceded to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted to and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions (Revised 1958 Agreement). In its communication ‘CARS 2020: Action Plan for a competitive and sustainable automotive industry in Europe’, the Commission stressed that the acceptance of international regulations under the 1958 UNECE Agreement is the best way to remove non-tariff barriers to trade. Therefore, references to the corresponding UNECE regulations should be used, where appropriate, for the purposes of laying down requirements for EU type-approval. That possibility is provided for in Regulation (EU) No 167/2013.
(9)
Concerning environmental and propulsion unit performance requirements of agricultural and forestry vehicles, UNECE regulations should be used on an equal basis to Union legislation in order to avoid duplication not only of technical requirements but also of certification and administrative procedures. Type-approval should be based directly on internationally agreed standards because that approach can improve market access in third countries, in particular in those which are contracting parties to the Revised 1958 Agreement, thus enhancing the Union industry's competitiveness.
(10)
It should be possible for engines which before the entry into force of this Regulation were not subject to pollutant emission-related type-approval at Union level and for vehicles equipped with such engines to be placed on the market until the mandatory dates of application of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 for the placing on the market of the corresponding engine category, provided they comply with applicable national rules.
(11)
Union legislation should not lay down technical requirements which cannot be reasonably met in time. The industry should be provided sufficient lead time as regards the application of Stage V engine pollutant emission limits to agricultural and forestry vehicles. Therefore, it is necessary to lay down transitional measures allowing for the granting of EU type-approvals and exemptions in accordance with the legislation applicable before the day of entry into force of this Regulation during a limited period of time. In particular, it is necessary to permit for a limited period of time the application of engine pollutant emission stages preceding Stage V in parallel with the latter due to technical difficulties of certain vehicle categories, mainly narrow-track tractors, in complying with Stage V from the mandatory dates of application of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 for the placing on the market of engines.
(12)
In order to take account of logistic supply constraints and to allow for ‘just in time’ production flow, and to avoid unnecessary costs and administrative burden, an engine manufacturer should, with the consent of the vehicle manufacturer, be allowed to deliver an engine based on an approved type separately from its exhaust after-treatment system.
(13)
The provisions on the engine pollutant emission stages preceding Stage V are laid down in Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/96. Those provisions, concerning type-approval or placing on the market of tractors, should only apply until the mandatory dates of application of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 for the EU type-approval of engines or for their placing on the market, respectively, or beyond those dates in accordance with the transitional provisions. Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/96 should therefore be repealed from the entry into force of this Regulation,
HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: