According to Article 10 of Regulation (EU) 2015/478 prior Union surveillance may be introduced where the trend in imports of a product threatens to cause injury to Union producers and where the interest of the Union so require. Article 7 of Regulation (EU) 2015/755 allows for the possibility to introduce prior surveillance where the Union's interests so require.

Imports into the Union of aluminium products increased by 28 % between 2013 and 2017, from 7,1 million tonnes to 9,1 million tonnes. During the same period, prices of aluminium imports decreased by 5 %.

Since the early 2000s, there has been a significant oversupply of especially primary aluminium. Most of the new capacity was created in the People's Republic of China (‘China’). The primary (smelting) capacity of China has increased rapidly over the past decade, during which 90 % of all new capacity was installed in China. China accounts for over half of the world's supply of primary aluminium, up from 11 % in 2006. In the Union, out of the 26 smelters operating in 2008, only 16 are still operating and a number of them are under risk of closure.

World market prices for primary aluminium dropped by 37 % from September 2011 to September 2016. In 2017, they have risen by 25 %, back to almost 90 % of their 2011 level, which is nevertheless a decline of approximately 25 % in real terms since 2011.

Although China, due to export taxes, exports very little primary aluminium directly, its overcapacity reduces world prices as aluminium is a globally traded commodity and its transport costs are low. In addition, the overcapacity in primary aluminium reduces the prices of downstream semi-finished and finished aluminium products exported by China to other markets.

The United States of America (‘United States’) opened in April of 2017 an investigation concerning the effect of imports of aluminium on national security under Section 232 of the United States Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (‘Section 232’). This investigation has resulted in additional import duties of 10 % for a broad range of aluminium products, as announced by the President of the United States on 1 March 2018. These measures entered into force on 23 March 2018. They will have a further discouraging effect on exports of aluminium products to the United States. Given the scope of the United States' measures, they may also lead to substantial trade diversion and price depression on the Union market.

On the basis of recent trends in imports of aluminium products, the current excess capacity, the current vulnerable situation of the Union industry and the potential trade diversion triggered by the United States measures under Section 232, a threat of injury to Union producers may develop in the near future.

Thus, the Union interest requires that imports of aluminium products should be subject to prior Union surveillance in order to provide advanced statistical information permitting rapid analysis of import trends from all third countries. Rapid and anticipated trade data is necessary to deal with the vulnerability of the Union aluminium market to sudden changes on world aluminium markets. This is particularly important in the present situation marked by uncertainties as to the potential trade diversion that may be caused by the United States measures under Section 232.

In view of the developments on the market of certain aluminium products, it is appropriate that the scope of this system includes the products listed in Annex I.

The internal market requires that the formalities to be accomplished by Union importers are identical wherever the goods may be cleared.

In order to facilitate the collection of data, the release for free circulation of the products covered by this Regulation should be made subject to the presentation of a surveillance document meeting uniform criteria. This requirement should start to apply 15 calendar days after the entry into force of this Regulation in order not to prevent release for free circulation of products on their way to the Union and to allow sufficient time for importers to request the necessary documents.

This document should, on simple application by the importer, be endorsed by the authorities of the Member States within a certain period but without the importer thereby acquiring any right to import. The document should therefore be valid only as long as the import rules remain unchanged.

The surveillance documents issued for the purposes of prior Union surveillance should be valid throughout the Union, regardless of the Member State of issue.

The Member States and the Commission should exchange the information resulting from prior Union surveillance as fully as possible.

The issuance of surveillance documents, while subject to standard conditions at Union level, is to be the responsibility of the national authorities.

In order to minimise unnecessary constraints and not disturb excessively the activities of companies close to the borders, imports whose net weight does not exceed 2 500 kilograms should be excluded from the application of this Regulation.

The Union has a close economic integration with Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein within the European Economic Area (‘EEA’). Furthermore, pursuant to the EEA Agreement, EEA members do, in principle, not apply trade defence measures in their mutual relations. For those reasons, products originating in Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein should be excluded from the application of this Regulation,