I,Requirements for any other specified fuels, fuel mixtures or fuel emulsions,, II,Arrangements with regard to conformity of production,, III,Methodology for adapting the emission laboratory test results to include the deterioration factors,, IV,Requirements with regard to emission control strategies, NO x control measures and particulate control measures,, V,Measurements and tests with regard to the area associated with the non-road steady-state test cycle,, VI,Conditions, methods, procedures and apparatus for the conduct of tests and for emission measurement and sampling,, VII,Method for data evaluation and calculations,, VIII,Performance requirements and test procedures for dual-fuel engines,, IX,Technical characteristics of the reference fuels,, X,Detailed technical specifications and conditions for delivering an engine separately from its exhaust after-treatment system,, XI,Detailed technical specifications and conditions for the temporary placing on the market for the purposes of field testing,, XII,Detailed technical specifications and conditions for special purpose engines,, XIII,Acceptance of equivalent engine type-approvals,, XIV,Details of the relevant information and instructions for OEMs,, XV,Details of the relevant information and instructions for end-users,, XVI,Performance standards and assessment of technical services,, XVII,Characteristics of the steady-state and transient test cycles,, Refer to point 2.3.1. NG-engine adaptable to any fuel composition , G R (1) and G 25 (2) At manufacturer's request engine may be tested on an additional market fuel (3), if S l = 0,89 – 1,19 , 2 (max. 3) , r = fuel 2 G 25 fuel 1 G R and, if tested with an additional fuel; r a = fuel 2 G 25 fuel 3 market fuel and r b = fuel 1 G R fuel 3 G 23 or market fuel ,,,, Refer to point 2.3.2. NG-engine which is self-adaptive by a switch , G R (1) and G 23 (3) for H and G 25 (2) and G 23 (3) for L At manufacturer's request engine may be tested on a market fuel (3) instead of G 23 , if S l = 0,89 – 1,19 , 2 for the H-range, and 2 for the L-range; at respective position of switch , r b = fuel 1 G R fuel 3 G 23 or market fuel and r a = fuel 2 G 25 fuel 3 G 23 or market fuel ,,,, Refer to point 2.4.1. NG-engine laid out for operation on either H-range gas or L-range gas ,,,, G R (1) and G 23 (3) for H or G 25 (2) and G 23 (3) for L At manufacturer's request engine may be tested on a market fuel (3) instead of G 23 , if S l = 0,89 – 1,19 , 2 for the H-range or 2 for the L-range 2 , r b = fuel 1 G R fuel 3 G 23 or market fuel for the H-range or r a = fuel 2 G 25 fuel 3 G 23 or market fuel for the L-range , Refer to point 2.4.2. NG-engine laid out for operation on one specific fuel composition ,,,, G R (1) and G 25 (2), Fine-tuning between the tests allowed. At manufacturer's request engine may be tested on: G R (1) and G 23 (3) for H or G 25 (2) and G 23 (3) for L , 2 2 for the H-range or 2 for the L-range ,, Fuel A and fuel B,2, r = fuel B fuel A ,,,, ,,,Fuel A and fuel B, fine-tuning between the tests allowed,2,, 1A,, Universal or restricted (2 tests) , Universal (2 tests) , Fuel-specific (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , 1B, Universal (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , Universal (2 tests) , Fuel-specific (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , 2A,, Universal or restricted (2 tests) , Universal (2 tests) , Fuel-specific (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , 2B, Universal (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , Universal (2 tests) , Fuel-specific (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , 3B, Universal (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , Universal (2 tests) , Fuel-specific (1 test) , Universal or restricted (2 tests) , Minimum sample size: 3,Minimum sample size for pass decision: 4, 3,—,3, 4,0,4, 5,0,4, 6,1,5, 7,1,5, 8,2,6, 9,2,6, 10,3,7, 11,3,7, 12,4,8, 13,4,8, 14,5,9, 15,5,9, 16,6,10, 17,6,10, 18,7,11, 19,8,9, NRTC and LSI-NRTC,1,3,1,3,1,15,1,05,1,0, NRSC,1,3,1,3,1,15,1,05,1,0, Cat 1,Consumer products, Cat 2,Semi-professional products, Cat 3,Professional products, Warning system activation specified in point 10.3 , 2 activation tests (incl. lack of reagent) Supplementary demonstration elements, as appropriate , Low-level inducement activation specified in point 10.4. , 2 activation tests (incl. lack of reagent) Supplementary demonstration elements, as appropriate 1 torque reduction test , Severe inducement activation specified in point 10.4 , 2 activation tests (incl. lack of reagent) Supplementary demonstration elements, as appropriate , Poor reagent quality,confirmed and active, Interruption of dosing,confirmed and active, Impeded EGR valve,confirmed and active, Malfunction of the monitoring system,confirmed and active, NO x threshold, if applicable,confirmed and active, All DTCs,X,, The value of the counter with the highest number of engine operating hours,,X, The number of engine operating hours from the NCD counter(s),,X, Table 4.4 , Counters and inducement , confirmed and active,≤ 10 hours,≤ 20 hours,≥ 90 % of counter value for severe inducement, confirmed and active,≤ 10 hours,≤ 20 hours,≥ 90 % of counter value for severe inducement, confirmed and active,≤ 36 hours,≤ 100 hours,≥ 95 % of counter value for severe inducement, confirmed and active,≤ 36 hours,≤ 100 hours,≥ 95 % of counter value for severe inducement, confirmed and active,≤ 10 hours,≤ 20 hours,≥ 90 % of counter value for severe inducement, Removal of the particulate after-treatment system,60 minutes of non-idle engine operation, Loss of function of the particulate after-treatment system,240 minutes of non-idle engine operation, Failures of the PCD system,60 minutes of engine operation, Warning system activation specified in point 4.4., 2 activation tests (incl. loss of the particulate after-treatment system function) Supplementary demonstration elements, as appropriate , Removal of the particulate after-treatment system,2, Loss of function of the particulate after-treatment system,8, Failures of the PCD system,2, MTS = n lo + 0,95 · ( n hi – n lo ) , (6-1) , MTS = n i , (6-2) , MTS = n i , (6-3) , MTS = (( n max – n idle )/1,05) + n idle ,(6-4), f a = 99 p s × T a 298 0,7 ,(6-5), f a = 99 p s 0,7 × T a 298 1,5 ,(6-6), P i = P m,i – P f,i + P r,i ,(6-7), P AUX = P r,i – P f,i ,(6-8), e – w = n × e – + n r × e – r n + n r , (6-9) , k ru,m = e – w e – , (upward adjustment factor) , (6-10) , k rd,m = e – w e – r , (downward adjustment factor) , (6-11) , k ru,a = e w – − e – , (upward adjustment factor) , (6-12) , k rd,a = e w – − e r – , (downward adjustment factor) , (6-13) , S = P max + P AUX × L 100 − P AUX ,(6-14), n ref = %speed × MTS − n idle 100 + n idle ,(6-15), T ref = %torque × max.torque 100 ,(6-16), T max = T map – T AUX ,(6-17), T AUX = T r – T f ,(6-18), maximum 1 % of rated speed,maximum 2 % of maximum engine torque,maximum 2 % of maximum engine power, 0,99 to 1,01,0,98 - 1,02,0,98 - 1,02, minimum 0,990,minimum 0,950,minimum 0,950, ± 1 % of rated speed,± 20 Nm or 2 % of maximum torque whichever is greater,± 4 kW or 2 % of maximum power whichever is greater, y = a 1 x + a 0 ,(6-19), ≤ 5,0 percent of maximum test speed,≤ 10,0 % of maximum mapped torque,≤ 10,0 % of maximum mapped power, 0,95 to 1,03,0,83 - 1,03,0,89 - 1,03, minimum 0,970,minimum 0,850,minimum 0,910, ≤ 10 % of idle,± 20 Nm or ± 2 % of maximum torque whichever is greater,± 4 kW or ± 2 % of maximum power whichever is greater, Where: n ref is the reference speed (see section 7.7.2.), n idle is the idle speed, n act is the actual (measured) speed, T ref is the reference torque (see section 7.7.2.), T act is the actual (measured) torque, T maxmappedtorque is the highest value of torque on the full-load torque curve mapped in accordance with section 7.6. , Minimum operator demand (idle point) , n ref = n idle and T ref = 0 % and T act > ( T ref – 0,02 T maxmappedtorque ) and T act < ( T ref + 0,02 T maxmappedtorque ) , speed and power , Minimum operator demand , n act ≤ 1,02 n ref and T act > T ref or n act > n ref and T act ≤ T ref' or n act > 1,02 n ref and T ref < T act ≤ ( T ref + 0,02 T maxmappedtorque ) , power and either torque or speed , Maximum operator demand , n act < n ref and T act ≥ T ref or n act ≥ 0,98 n ref and T act < T ref or n act < 0,98 n ref and T ref > T act ≥ ( T ref – 0,02 T maxmappedtorque ) , power and either torque or speed , Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently, according to measurement system manufacturer instructions and good engineering judgment. , The CVS verification is not required for systems that agree within ± 2 % based on a chemical balance of carbon or oxygen of the intake air, fuel, and diluted exhaust gas. , 8.1.3: accuracy, repeatability and noise, Accuracy: Not required, but recommended for initial installation. Repeatability: Not required, but recommended for initial installation. Noise: Not required, but recommended for initial installation. , 8.1.4: linearity verification, Speed: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance. Torque: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance. Intake air, dilution air and diluted exhaust gas flows and batch sample flow rates: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance, unless flow is verified by propane check or by carbon or oxygen balance. Raw exhaust gas flow: Upon initial installation, within 185 days before testing and after major maintenance, unless flow is verified by propane check or by carbon or oxygen balance. Gas dividers: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance. Gas analyzers (unless otherwise noted): Upon initial installation, within 35 days before testing and after major maintenance. FTIR analyser: Upon installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance. PM balance: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance. Stand-alone pressure and temperature: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance. , 8.1.5: Continuous gas analyzer system response and updating-recording verification — for gas analyzers not continuously compensated for other gas species,Upon initial installation or after system modification that would affect response., 8.1.6: Continuous gas analyzer system response and updating-recording verification — for gas analyzers continuously compensated for other gas species,Upon initial installation or after system modification that would affect response., 8.1.7.1: torque,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.7.2: pressure, temperature, dew point,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.8.1: fuel flow,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.8.2: intake flow,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.8.3: exhaust gas flow,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.8.4: diluted exhaust gas flow (CVS and PFD),Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.8.5: CVS/PFD and batch sampler verification ,Upon initial installation, within 35 days before testing, and after major maintenance. (Propane check), 8.1.8.8: vacuum leak,Upon installation of the sampling system. Before each laboratory test according to point 7.1: within 8 hours before the start of the first test interval of each duty cycle sequence and after maintenance such as pre-filter changes., 8.1.9.1: CO 2 NDIR H 2 O interference,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.9.2: CO NDIR CO 2 and H 2 O interference,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.10.1: FID calibration HC FID optimization and HC FID verification , Calibrate, optimize, and determine CH 4 response: upon initial installation and after major maintenance. Verify CH 4 response: upon initial installation, within 185 days before testing, and after major maintenance. , 8.1.10.2: raw exhaust gas FID O 2 interference, For all FID analyzers: upon initial installation, and after major maintenance. For THC FID analyzers: upon initial installation, after major maintenance, and after FID optimization according to 8.1.10.1. , 8.1.11.1: CLD CO 2 and H 2 O quench,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.11.3: NDUV HC and H 2 O interference,Upon initial installation and after major maintenance., 8.1.11.4: Sample dryer NO 2 penetration (chiller) , Upon initial installation and after major maintenance. , 8.1.11.5: NO 2 -to-NO converter conversion,Upon initial installation, within 35 days before testing, and after major maintenance., 8.1.12: Sample dryer verification , For thermal chillers: upon installation and after major maintenance. For osmotic membranes: upon installation, within 35 days of testing and after major maintenance. , 8.1.13.1: PM balance and weighing, Independent verification: upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance. Zero, span, and reference sample verifications: within 12 hours of weighing, and after major maintenance. , Molar flow rate may be used instead of standard volumetric flow rate as the term representing ‘quantity’. In this case maximum molar flow rate may be used instead of the maximum standard volumetric flow rate in the corresponding linearity criteria. , Engine speed, n ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 0,05 % n max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % n max ,≥ 0,990, Engine torque, T ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % T max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % T max ,≥ 0,990, Fuel flow rate, q m ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % q m , max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % q m , max ,≥ 0,990, Intake-air flow rate , q V ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % q V , max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % q V , max ,≥ 0,990, Dilution air flow rate , q V ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % q V , max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % q V , max ,≥ 0,990, Diluted exhaust gas flow rate , q V ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % q V , max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % q V , max ,≥ 0,990, Raw exhaust gas flow rate , q V ,Within 185 days before testing,≤ 1 % q V , max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % q V , max ,≥ 0,990, Batch sampler flow rates , q V ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % q V , max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % q V , max ,≥ 0,990, Gas dividers, x/x span ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 0,5 % x max ,0,98-1,02,≤ 2 % x max ,≥ 0,990, Gas analyzers, x ,Within 35 days before testing,≤ 0,5 % x max ,0,99-1,01,≤ 1 % x max ,≥ 0,998, PM balance, m ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % m max ,0,99-1,01,≤ 1 % m max ,≥ 0,998, Stand-alone pressures, p ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % p max ,0,99-1,01,≤ 1 % p max ,≥ 0,998, Analog-to-digital conversion of stand-alone temperature signals, T ,Within 370 days before testing,≤ 1 % T max ,0,99-1,01,≤ 1 % T max ,≥ 0,998, q m p = q m dew – q m dw ,(6-20), q m p = q m dew / r d ,(6-21), q V leak = V vac R p 2 T 2 − p 1 T 1 t 2 − t 1 ,(6-22), quench = x NOwet 1 − x H2Omeas x NOdry × x H2Oexp x H2Omeas + x NOmeas x NOact − 1 × x CO2exp x CO2act × 100 % ,(6-23), x NOact = 1 − x CO2act x CO2span × x NOspan ,(6-24), x – NOx,CLD,meas − x – NOx,NDUV,meas × X – HC,exp X – HC,meas ≤ 2 % × x – NOx,exp ,(6-25), Efficiency % = 1 + x NOxmeas − x NOx + O2mix x NO + O2mix − x NOmeas × 100 ,(6-26), m cor = m uncor × 1 − ρ air ρ weight 1 − ρ air ρ media , (6-27) , ρ air = p abs × M mix R × T amb , (6-28) , As long as aqueous condensation in storage container is prevented. , Up to 313 K (40 °C). , Up to 475 K (202 °C). , At 464 ± 11 K (191 ± 11 °C). , CO, CO 2 , O 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , NO, NO 2 ,polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) for example Tedlar TM , polyvinylidene fluoride for example Kynar TM , polytetrafluoroethylene for example Teflon TM , or stainless steel , HC,polytetrafluoroethylene or stainless steel , 7.6,Speed and torque during an engine step-map,1 Hz,1 mean value per step, 7.6,Speed and torque during an engine sweep-map,5 Hz,1 Hz means, 7.8.3,Transient (NRTC and LSI-NRTC) duty cycle reference and feedback speeds and torques,5 Hz,1 Hz means, 7.8.2,Discrete-mode NRSC and RMC duty cycle reference and feedback speeds and torques,1 Hz,1 Hz, 7.3,Continuous concentrations of raw analyzers,N/A,1 Hz, 7.3,Continuous concentrations of dilute analyzers,N/A,1 Hz, 7.3,Batch concentrations of raw or dilute analyzers,N/A,1 mean value per test interval, 7.6 8.2.1 ,Diluted exhaust gas flow rate from a CVS with a heat exchanger upstream of the flow measurement,N/A,1 Hz, 7.6 8.2.1 ,Diluted exhaust gas flow rate from a CVS without a heat exchanger upstream of the flow measurement,5 Hz,1 Hz means, 7.6 8.2.1 ,Intake-air or exhaust gas flow rate (for raw transient measurement),N/A,1 Hz means, 7.6 8.2.1 ,Dilution air if actively controlled,5 Hz,1 Hz means, 7.6 8.2.1 ,Sample flow from a CVS with a heat exchanger,1 Hz,1 Hz, 7.6 8.2.1 ,Sample flow from a CVS without a heat exchanger,5 Hz,1 Hz mean, Accuracy and repeatability are all determined with the same collected data, as described in point 9.4.3, and based on absolute values. ‘pt.’ refers to the overall mean value expected at the emission limit; ‘max.’ refers to the peak value expected at the emission limit over the duty cycle, not the maximum of the instrument's range; ‘meas.’ refers to the actual mean measured over the duty cycle. , Engine speed transducer,n,1 s,1 Hz means, 2,0 % of pt. or 0,5 % of max , 1,0 % of pt. or 0,25 % of max , Engine torque transducer,T,1 s,1 Hz means, 2,0 % of pt. or 1,0 % of max , 1,0 % of pt. or 0,5 % of max , Fuel flow meter (Fuel totalizer) ,, 5 s (N/A) , 1 Hz (N/A) , 2,0 % of pt. or 1,5 % of max , 1,0 % of pt. or 0,75 % of max , Total diluted exhaust gas meter (CVS) (With heat exchanger before meter) ,, 1 s (5 s) , 1 Hz means (1 Hz) , 2,0 % of pt. or 1,5 % of max , 1,0 % of pt. or 0,75 % of max , Dilution air, inlet air, exhaust gas, and sample flow meters,,1 s,1 Hz means of 5 Hz samples, 2,5 % of pt. or 1,5 % of max , 1,25 % of pt. or 0,75 % of max , Continuous gas analyzer raw,x,5 s,2 Hz, 2,0 % of pt. or 2,0 % of meas. , 1,0 % of pt. or 1,0 % of meas. , Continuous gas analyzer dilute,x,5 s,1 Hz, 2,0 % of pt. or 2,0 % of meas. , 1,0 % of pt. or 1,0 % of meas. , Continuous gas analyzer,x,5 s,1 Hz, 2,0 % of pt. or 2,0 % of meas. , 1,0 % of pt. or 1,0 % of meas. , Batch gas analyzer,x,N/A,N/A, 2,0 % of pt. or 2,0 % of meas. , 1,0 % of pt. or 1,0 % of meas. , Gravimetric PM balance, m PM ,N/A,N/A,See 9.4.11,0,5 μg, Inertial PM balance, m PM ,5 s,1 Hz, 2,0 % of pt. or 2,0 % of meas. , 1,0 % of pt. or 1,0 % of meas. , Table 6.9 , Contamination limits, applicable for raw or dilute measurements [μmol/mol = ppm] , It is not required that these levels of purity are internationally and/or nationally recognized standards traceable. , THC (C 1 equivalent),≤ 0,05 μmol/mol,≤ 0,05 μmol/mol, CO,≤ 1 μmol/mol,≤ 1 μmol/mol, CO 2 , ≤ 10 μmol/mol , ≤ 10 μmol/mol , O 2 ,0,205 to 0,215 mol/mol,≤ 2 μmol/mol, NO x ,≤ 0,02 μmol/mol,≤ 0,02 μmol/mol, Table 6.10 , Contamination limits applicable for raw measurements [μmol/mol = ppm] , It is not required that these levels of purity are internationally and/or nationally recognized standards traceable. , THC (C 1 equivalent),≤ 1 μmol/mol,≤ 1 μmol/mol, CO,≤ 1 μmol/mol,≤ 1 μmol/mol, CO 2 ,≤ 400 μmol/mol,≤ 400 μmol/mol, O 2 ,0,18 to 0,21 mol/mol,—, NO x ,≤ 0,1 μmol/mol,≤ 0,1 μmol/mol, q mp = q mdew – q mdw + q ex ,(6-29), q mp = q mdew – q mdw + q ex – q sw ,(6-30), m PM,corr = m PM × m sed m sed − m ex ,(6-31), ƒ r d i = N in d i N out d i ,(6-32), ƒ – r = ƒ r 30 nm + ƒ r 50 nm + ƒ r 100 nm 3 ,(6-33), The complete inlet system shall be fitted as provided for the intended application: where there is a risk of an appreciable effect on the engine power; when the manufacturer requests that this should be done. In other cases, an equivalent system may be used and a check should be made to ascertain that the intake pressure does not differ by more than 100 Pa from the upper limit specified by the manufacturer for a clean air filter. , The complete exhaust system shall be fitted as provided for the intended application: where there is a risk of an appreciable effect on the engine power; when the manufacturer requests that this should be done. In other cases, an equivalent system may be installed provided the pressure measured does not differ by more than 1 000 Pa from the upper limit specified by the manufacturer. , If an exhaust system brake is incorporated in the engine, the throttle valve shall be fixed in the fully open position. , The fuel feed pressure may be adjusted, if necessary, to reproduce the pressure existing in the particular engine application (particularly when a ‘fuel return’ system is used). , The cooling-liquid circulation shall be operated by the engine water pump only. Cooling of the liquid may be produced by an external circuit, such that the pressure loss of this circuit and the pressure at the pump inlet remain substantially the same as those of the engine cooling system. , The thermostat may be fixed in the fully open position. , When the cooling fan or blower is fitted for the test, the power absorbed shall be added to the results, except for cooling fans of air cooled engines directly fitted on the crankshaft. The fan or blower power shall be determined at the speeds used for the test either by calculation from standard characteristics or by practical tests. , Charge air-cooled engines shall be tested with charge air cooling, whether liquid — or air-cooled, but if the manufacturer prefers, a test bench system may replace the air cooler. In either case, the measurement of power at each speed shall be made with the maximum pressure drop and the minimum temperature drop of the engine air across the charge air cooler on the test bench system as those specified by the manufacturer. , The power for electrical or other starting systems shall be provided from the test bed. , 1,Inlet system,, ,Inlet manifold,Yes, ,Crankcase emission control system,Yes, ,Air flow meter,Yes, ,Air filter,Yes , ,Inlet silencer,Yes , 2,Exhaust system,, ,Exhaust after-treatment system,Yes, ,Exhaust manifold,Yes, ,Connecting pipes,Yes , ,Silencer,Yes , ,Tail pipe,Yes , ,Exhaust brake,No , ,Pressure charging device,Yes, 3,Fuel supply pump,Yes , 4,Fuel injection equipment,, ,Prefilter,Yes, ,Filter,Yes, ,Pump,Yes, 5,High-pressure pipe,Yes, ,Injector,Yes, ,Electronic control unit, sensors, etc.,Yes, ,Governor/control system,Yes, ,Automatic full-load stop for the control rack depending on atmospheric conditions,Yes, 6,Liquid-cooling equipment,, ,Radiator,No, ,Fan,No, ,Fan cowl,No, ,Water pump,Yes , ,Thermostat,Yes , 7,Air cooling,, ,Cowl,No , ,Fan or Blower,No , ,Temperature-regulating device,No, 8,Pressure charging equipment,, ,Compressor driven either directly by the engine and/or by the exhaust system,Yes, ,Charge air cooler,Yes , ,Coolant pump or fan (engine-driven),No , ,Coolant flow control device,Yes, 9,Auxiliary test-bed fan,Yes, if necessary, 10,Anti-pollution device,Yes, 11,Starting equipment,Yes or test bed equipment , 12,Lubricating oil pump,Yes, 13, Certain auxiliaries whose definition is linked with the operation of the non-road mobile machinery and which may be mounted on the engine shall be removed for the test. The following non-exhaustive list is given as an example: air compressor for brakes power steering compressor suspension compressor air-conditioning system. ,No, See subscripts; e.g.: ṁ air for mass rate of dry air, ṁ fuel for fuel mass rate, etc. , Dilution ratio r d in section 2 and DR in section 3: different symbols but same meaning and same equations. Dilution factor D in section 2 and x dil in section 3: different symbols but same physical meaning; equation (7-124) shows the relationship between x dil and DR . , t.b.d.= to be defined. , , A ,m 2 ,Area, , A t ,m 2 ,Venturi throat cross-sectional area, b , D 0 , a 0 ,t.b.d. , y intercept of the regression line, A/F st ,,—,Stoichiometric air to fuel ratio, , C ,—,Coefficient, C d , C d ,—,Discharge coefficient, , C f ,—,Flow coefficient, c , x ,ppm, % vol,Concentration/mole fraction (μmol/mol = ppm), c d , ,ppm, % vol,Concentration on dry basis, c w , ,ppm, % vol,Concentration on wet basis, c b , ,ppm, % vol,Background concentration, D , x dil ,—,Dilution factor , D 0 ,,m 3 /rev,PDP calibration intercept, d , d ,m,Diameter, d V ,,m,Throat diameter of venturi, e , e ,g/kWh,Brake specific basis, e gas , e gas ,g/kWh,Specific emission of gaseous components, e PM , e PM ,g/kWh,Specific emission of particulates, E ,1 – PF ,%,Conversion efficiency ( PF = Penetration fraction), F s ,,—,Stoichiometric factor, , f ,Hz,Frequency, f c ,,—,Carbon factor, ,γ,—,Ratio of specific heats, H ,,g/kg,Absolute humidity, , K ,—,Correction factor, K V ,, K × m 4 × s ∕ kg ,CFV calibration function, k f ,,m 3 /kg fuel,Fuel specific factor, k h ,,—,Humidity correction factor for NO x , diesel engines, k Dr , k Dr ,—,Downward adjustment factor, k r , k r ,—,Multiplicative regeneration factor, k Ur , k Ur ,—,Upward adjustment factor, k w,a ,,—,Dry to wet correction factor for the intake air, k w,d ,,—,Dry to wet correction factor for the dilution air, k w,e ,,—,Dry to wet correction factor for the diluted exhaust gas, k w,r ,,—,Dry to wet correction factor for the raw exhaust gas, μ , μ ,kg/(m·s),Dynamic viscosity, M , M ,g/mol,Molar mass , M a , ,g/mol,Molar mass of the intake air, M e , v ,g/mol,Molar mass of the exhaust gas, M gas , M gas ,g/mol,Molar mass of gaseous components, m , m ,kg,Mass, m , a 1 ,t.b.d. ,Slope of the regression line, , ν ,m 2 /s,Kinematic viscosity, m d , v ,kg,Mass of the dilution air sample passed through the particulate sampling filters, m ed , ,kg,Total diluted exhaust gas mass over the cycle, m edf , ,kg,Mass of equivalent diluted exhaust gas over the test cycle, m ew , ,kg,Total exhaust gas mass over the cycle, m f , ,mg,Particulate sample mass collected, m f,d , ,mg,Particulate sample mass of the dilution air collected, m gas , m gas ,g,Mass of gaseous emissions over the test cycle, m PM , m PM ,g,Mass of particulate emissions over the test cycle, m se , ,kg,Exhaust gas sample mass over the test cycle, m sed , ,kg,Mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the dilution tunnel, m sep , ,kg,Mass of diluted exhaust gas passing the particulate collection filters, m ssd ,,kg,Mass of secondary dilution air, ,N,—,Total number of a series, , n ,mol,Amount of substance, , ṅ ,mol/s,Amount of substance rate, n , f n ,min – 1 ,Engine rotational speed, n p ,,r/s,PDP pump speed, P , P ,kW,Power, p , p ,kPa,Pressure, p a ,,kPa,Dry atmospheric pressure, p b ,,kPa,Total atmospheric pressure, p d ,,kPa,Saturation vapour pressure of the dilution air, p p , p abs ,kPa,Absolute pressure, p r , p H2O ,kPa,Water vapour pressure, p s ,,kPa,Dry atmospheric pressure, 1 — E , PF ,%,Penetration fraction, q m , ṁ ,kg/s,Mass rate, q m ad , ṁ ,kg/s,Intake air mass flow rate on dry basis, q m aw , ,kg/s,Intake air mass flow rate on wet basis, q m Ce , ,kg/s,Carbon mass flow rate in the raw exhaust gas, q m Cf , ,kg/s,Carbon mass flow rate into the engine, q m Cp , ,kg/s,Carbon mass flow rate in the partial flow dilution system, q m dew , ,kg/s,Diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis, q m dw , ,kg/s,Dilution air mass flow rate on wet basis, q m edf , ,kg/s,Equivalent diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis, q m ew , ,kg/s,Exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis, q m ex , ,kg/s,Sample mass flow rate extracted from dilution tunnel, q m f , ,kg/s,Fuel mass flow rate, q m p , ,kg/s,Sample flow of exhaust gas into partial flow dilution system, q V , V̇ ,m 3 /s,Volume flow rate, q V CVS , ,m 3 /s,CVS volume rate, q V s , ,dm 3 /min,System flow rate of exhaust gas analyzer system, q V t , ,cm 3 /min,Tracer gas flow rate, ρ , ρ ,kg/m 3 ,Mass density, ρ e ,,kg/m 3 ,Exhaust gas density, , r ,—,Ratio of pressures, r d , DR ,—,Dilution ratio , , Ra ,μm,Average surface roughness, RH ,,%,Relative humidity, r D , β ,m/m,Ratio of diameters (CVS systems), r p ,,—,Pressure ratio of SSV, Re , Re # ,—,Reynolds number, , S ,K,Sutherland constant, σ , σ ,—,Standard deviation, T , T ,°C,Temperature, , T ,Nm,Engine torque, T a ,,K,Absolute temperature, t , t ,s,Time, Δ t ,Δ t ,s,Time interval, u ,,—,Ratio between densities of gas component and exhaust gas, V , V ,m 3 ,Volume, q V , V̇ ,m 3 /s,Volume rate, V 0 ,,m 3 /r,PDP gas volume pumped per revolution, W , W ,kWh,Work, W act , W act ,kWh,Actual cycle work of the test cycle, WF , WF ,—,Weighting factor, w , w ,g/g,Mass fraction, , x – ,mol/mol,Flow-weighted mean concentration, X 0 , K s ,s/rev,PDP calibration function, , y ,—,Generic variable, y – , y – ,,Arithmetic mean, ,Z,—,Compressibility factor, In section 2 the meaning of subscript is determined by the associated quantity; for example, the subscript ‘d’ can indicate a dry basis as in ‘ c d = concentration on dry basis’, dilution air as in ‘ p d = saturation vapour pressure of the dilution air’ or ‘ k w,d = dry to wet correction factor for the dilution air’, dilution ratio as in ‘ r d ’. , act,act,Actual quantity, i ,,Instantaneous measurement (e.g.: 1 Hz), , i ,An individual of a series, Ar,Ar,Argon, C1,C1,Carbon 1 equivalent hydrocarbon, CH 4 ,CH 4 ,Methane, C 2 H 6 ,C 2 H 6 ,Ethane, C 3 H 8 ,C 3 H 8 ,Propane, CO,CO,Carbon monoxide, CO 2 ,CO 2 ,Carbon dioxide, ,H,Atomic hydrogen, ,H 2 ,Molecular hydrogen, HC,HC,Hydrocarbon, H 2 O,H 2 O,Water, ,He,Helium, ,N,Atomic nitrogen, ,N 2 ,Molecular nitrogen, NO x ,NO x ,Oxides of nitrogen, NO,NO,Nitric oxide, NO 2 ,NO 2 ,Nitrogen dioxide, ,O,Atomic oxygen, PM,PM,Particulate matter, S,S,Sulphur, Referred to a fuel with chemical formula CH α O ε N δ S γ . , Referred to a fuel with chemical formula CH α O β S γ N δ . , Attention should be paid to the different meaning of symbol β in the two emissions calculation sections: in section 2 it refers to a fuel having the chemical formula CH α S γ N δ O ε (i.e. the formula C β H α S γ N δ O ε where β = 1, assuming one carbon atom per molecule), while in section 3 it refers to the oxygen-to-carbon ratio with CH α O β S γ N δ . Then β of section 3 corresponds to ε of section 2. , Mass fraction w accompanied by the symbol of the chemical component as a subscript. , w C , w C ,Carbon content of fuel, mass fraction [g/g] or [% mass], w H , w H ,Hydrogen content of fuel, mass fraction [g/g] or [% mass], w N , w N ,Nitrogen content of fuel, mass fraction [g/g] or [% mass], w O , w O ,Oxygen content of fuel, mass fraction [g/g] or [% mass], w S , w S ,Sulphur content of fuel, mass fraction [g/g] or [% mass], α , α ,Atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (H/C), ε , β ,Atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) , γ , γ ,Atomic sulphur-to-carbon ratio (S/C), δ , δ ,Atomic nitrogen-to-carbon ratio (N/C), q m gas, i = k h × k × u gas × q m ew, i × c gas, i × 3600 , (7-1) , m gas = 1 f × k h × k × u gas × ∑ i = 1 N q m ew, i × c gas, i ,(7-2), c w = k w × c d ,(7-3), k w,a = 1 − 1,2442 × H a + 111,19 × w H × q m f, i q m ad, i 773,4 + 1,2442 × H a + q m f, i q m ad, i × k f × 1000 1 − p r p b , (7-4) , k f = 0,055594 × w H + 0,0080021 × w N + 0,0070046 × w o ,(7-5), 1 1 − p r p b = 1,008 ,(7-6), k w,a = 1 1 + α × 0,005 × c CO2 + c CO − K w1 1 − p r p b ,(7-7), k w1 = 1,608 × H a 1000 + 1,608 × H a ,(7-8), k h,D = 15,698 × H a 1000 + 0,832 ,(7-9), k h.G = 0,6272 + 44,030 × 10 – 3 × H a – 0,862 × 10 – 3 × H a 2 ,(7-10), Depending on fuel , At λ = 2, dry air, 273 K, 101,3 kPa , u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C = 66 – 76 %; H = 22 – 25 %; N = 0 – 12 %. , NMHC on the basis of CH 2,93 (for total HC the u gas coefficient of CH 4 shall be used). , u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C3 = 70 – 90 %; C4 = 10 – 30 %. , 2,053,1,250, ,1,9636,1,4277,0,716, Diesel (non-road gas-oil),1,2943,0,001586,0,000966,0,000482,0,001517,0,001103,0,000553, Ethanol for dedicated compression ignition engines (ED95) ,1,2768,0,001609,0,000980,0,000780,0,001539,0,001119,0,000561, Natural gas / bio-methane ,1,2661,0,001621,0,000987,0,000528 ,0,001551,0,001128,0,000565, Propane,1,2805,0,001603,0,000976,0,000512,0,001533,0,001115,0,000559, Butane,1,2832,0,001600,0,000974,0,000505,0,001530,0,001113,0,000558, LPG ,1,2811,0,001602,0,000976,0,000510,0,001533,0,001115,0,000559, Petrol (E10),1,2931,0,001587,0,000966,0,000499,0,001518,0,001104,0,000553, Ethanol (E85) ,1,2797,0,001604,0,000977,0,000730,0,001534,0,001116,0,000559, u gas, i = M gas ∕ M e, i × 1000 ,(7-11), u gas, i = ρ gas ∕ ρ e, i × 1000 ,(7-12), ρ e, i = 1000 + H a + 1000 × q m f, i ∕ q m ad, i 773,4 + 1,2434 × H a + k f × 1000 × q m f, i ∕ q m ad, i ,(7-14), q m ew, i = q m aw, i + q m f, i ,(7-15), q m ew, i = q V t × ρ e 10 − 6 × c mix, i − c b ,(7-16), q m ew, i = q m aw, i × 1 + 1 A ∕ F st × λ i ,(7-17), A ∕ F st = 138,0 × 1 + α 4 − ε 2 + γ 12,011 + 1,00794 × α + 15,9994 × ε + 14,0067 × δ + 32,065 × γ ,(7-18), λ i = 100 − c COd × 10 − 4 2 − c HCw × 10 − 4 + α 4 × 1 − 2 × c COd × 10 − 4 3,5 × c CO2d 1 + c COd × 10 − 4 3,5 × c CO2d − ε 2 − δ 2 × c CO2d + c COd × 10 − 4 4,764 × 1 + α 4 − ε 2 + γ × c CO2d + c COd × 10 − 4 + c HCw × 10 − 4 ,(7-19), q m ew, i = q m f, i × 1,4 × w 2 C 1,0828 × w C + k fd × f c f c 1 + H a 1000 + 1 ,(7-20), f c = 0,5441 × c CO2d − c CO2d,a + c COd 18522 + c HCw 17355 ,(7-21), k fd = k f – 0,11118 · w H ,(7-22), m gas = k h · k · u gas · c gas · m ed ,(7-23), m gas = k h × k × ∑ i = 1 N m ed, i × c e × u gas − m ed × c d × 1 − 1 D × u gas ,(7-24), k w,e = 1 − α × c CO2w 200 − k w2 × 1,008 ,(7-25), k w,e = 1 − k w2 1 + α × c CO2d 200 × 1,008 ,(7-26), k w2 = 1,608 × H d × 1 − 1 D + H a × 1 D 1000 + 1,608 × H d 1 − 1 D + H a × 1 D ,(7-27), D = F s c CO2,e + c HC,e + c CO,e × 10 − 4 ,(7-28), F s = 100 × 1 1 + α 2 + 3,76 × 1 + α 4 ,(7-29), D = q V CVS q V ew ,(7-30), k w,d = (1 – k w3 ) · 1,008,(7-31), k w3 = 1,608 × H d 1000 + 1,608 × H d ,(7-32), c gas = c gas,e − c d × 1 − 1 D ,(7-33), u = M gas M d,w × 1000 = M gas M da,w × 1 − 1 D + M r,w × 1 D × 1000 ,(7-34), Depending on fuel. , At λ = 2, dry air, 273 K, 101,3 kPa. , u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C = 66 – 76 %; H = 22 – 25 %; N = 0 – 12 %. , NMHC on the basis of CH 2,93 (for total HC the u gas coefficient of CH 4 shall be used). , u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C3 = 70 – 90 %; C4 = 10 – 30 %. , Diesel (non-road gas-oil),1,2943,0,001586,0,000966,0,000482,0,001517,0,001103,0,000553, Ethanol for dedicated compression ignition engines (ED95),1,2768,0,001609,0,000980,0,000780,0,001539,0,001119,0,000561, Natural gas / bio-methane ,1,2661,0,001621,0,000987,0,000528 ,0,001551,0,001128,0,000565, Propane,1,2805,0,001603,0,000976,0,000512,0,001533,0,001115,0,000559, Butane,1,2832,0,001600,0,000974,0,000505,0,001530,0,001113,0,000558, LPG ,1,2811,0,001602,0,000976,0,000510,0,001533,0,001115,0,000559, Petrol (E10),1,2931,0,001587,0,000966,0,000499,0,001518,0,001104,0,000553, Ethanol (E85),1,2797,0,001604,0,000977,0,000730,0,001534,0,001116,0,000559, m ed = 1,293 × V 0 × n P × P p 101,325 × 273,15 T ,(7-35), m ed, i = 1,293 × V 0 × n P, i × p p 101,325 × 273,15 T ,(7-36), m ed = 1,293 × t × K V × p p T 0,5 ,(7-37), m ed, i = 1,293 × Δ t i × K V × p p T 0,5 ,(7-38), m ed = 1,293 · q V SSV · Δ t ,(7-39), q V SSV = A 0 60 d 2 v C d P p 1 T r 1,4286 p − r 1,7143 p × 1 1 − r 4 D r 1,4286 p ,(7-40), m ed, i = 1,293 · q V SSV · Δ t i ,(7-41), m PM = m f r s × 1000 ,(7-42), r s = m se m ew × m sep m sed ,(7-43), m PM = m f m sep × m edf 1000 ,(7-44), m edf = 1 f × ∑ i = 1 N q m edf, i ,(7-45), q m edf, i = q m ew, i × r d, i , (7-46) , r d, i = q m dew, i q m dew, i − q m dw, i ,(7-47), m PM = m f m sep × m ed 1000 ,(7-48), m sep = m set – m ssd ,(7-49), m PM,c = m f m sep − m b m sd × 1 − 1 D × m ed 1000 ,(7-50), q m edf = q m ew × r d ,(7-51), r d = q m dew q m dew − q m dw ,(7-52), q m PM = m f m sep × q m edf – × 3600 1000 ,(7-53), q m edf – = ∑ i = 1 N q m edf i × WF i ,(7-54), m sep = ∑ i = 1 N m sep i ,(7-55), q m PM i = m f i m sep i × q m edf i × 3600 1000 ,(7-56), q m PM = m f m sep − m f,d m d × ∑ i = 1 N 1 − 1 D i × WF i × q m edf – × 3600 1000 ,(7-57), q m PM i = m f i m sep i − m f,d m d × 1 − 1 D × q m edf i – × 3600 1000 ,(7-58), W act = ∑ i = 1 N P i × Δ t i = 1 f × 1 3600 × 1 10 3 × 2 × π 60 × ∑ i = 1 N n i × T i , (7-59) , T i = T i ,meas + T i, AUX ,(7-60), e gas = m gas W act ,(7-61), e gas = 0,1 × m cold + 0,9 × m hot 0,1 × W act,cold + 0,9 × W act,hot ,(7-62), e CO2,hot = m CO2,hot W act,hot ,(7-63), e gas = ∑ i = 1 N mode q m gas i × WF i ∑ i = 1 N mode P i × WF i ,(7-64), e PM = m PM W act ,(7-65), e PM = q m PM ∑ i = 1 N mode P i × WF i , (7-66) , e PM = ∑ i = 1 N mode q m PM i × WF i ∑ i = 1 N mode P i × WF i , (7-67) , WF e i = m sep i × q m edf – m sep × q m edf i – ,(7-68), V 0 = q V CVS n × T 273,15 × 101,325 p p ,(7-69), X 0 = 1 n × Δ p p p p ,(7-70), V 0 = D 0 – m · X 0 ,(7-71), K V = q V CVS × T p p ,(7-72), C d = q V SSV A 0 60 d 2 V p p 1 T in,V r 1,4286 p − r 1,7143 p 1 1 − r 4 D r 1,4286 p ,(7-73), R e = A 1 × 60 × q V SSV d V × μ ,(7-74), μ = b × T 1,5 S + T ,(7-75), c i driftcor = c refzero + c refspan − c refzero 2 c i − c prezero + c postzero c prespan + c postspan − c prezero + c postzero ,(7-76), Absolute quantity, Actual quantity, Air, dry, Atmospheric, Background, Carbon, Calibration quantity, Critical flow venturi, Corrected quantity, Dilution air, Diluted exhaust gas, Dry quantity, Raw exhaust gas, Expected quantity, Equivalent quantity, Fuel, Instantaneous measurement (e.g.: 1 Hz), An individual of a series, Condition at idle, Quantity in, Initial quantity, typically before an emission test, Maximum (i.e. peak) value, Measured quantity, Minimum value, Molar mass of air, Quantity out, Partial quantity, Positive displacement pump, Raw exhaust, Reference quantity, Revolution, Saturated condition, PDP slip, Sampling, Span quantity, Subsonic venturi, Standard quantity, Test quantity, Total quantity, Uncorrected quantity, Vacuum quantity, Calibration weight, Wet quantity, Zero quantity, log 10 p H2O = 10,79574 × 1 − 273,16 T sat − 5,02800 × log 10 T sat 273,16 + 1,50475 × 10 − 4 × 1 − 10 − 8,2969 × T sat 273,16 − 1 + 0,42873 × 10 − 3 × 10 4,76955 × 1 − 273,16 T sat − 1 − 0,2138602 ,(7-77), log 10 p H2O = − 9,096853 × 273,16 T sat − 1 − 3,566506 × log 10 273,16 T sat + 0,876812 × 1 − T sat 273,16 − 0,2138602 ,(7-78), x H2O = p H2O p abs ,(7-79), x H2O = RH % 100 × RH % 100 × P H2O P abs ,(7-80), Diesel (non-road gas-oil),CH 1,80 O 0 S 0 N 0 ,0,869, Ethanol for dedicated compression ignition engines (ED95),CH 2,92 O 0,46 S 0 N 0 ,0,538, Petrol (E10),CH 1,92 O 0,03 S 0 N 0 ,0,833, Petrol (E0),CH 1,85 O 0 S 0 N 0 ,0,866, Ethanol (E85),CH 2,73 O 0,36 S 0 N 0 ,0,576, LPG,CH 2,64 O 0 S 0 N 0 ,0,819, Natural Gas/Biomethane,CH 3,78 O 0,016 S 0 N 0 ,0,747, W C = 1 × M C M C + α × M H + β M o + γ × M S + δ M N ,(7-82), x THC THC-FID cor = x THC THC-FID uncorr − x THC THC-FID init ,(7-83), x dil/exh ,Amount of dilution gas or excess air per mole of exhaust gas, x H2Oexh ,Amount of H 2 O in exhaust per mole of exhaust gas, x Ccombdry ,Amount of carbon from fuel in the exhaust per mole of dry exhaust gas, x H2Oexhdry ,Amount of water in exhaust per dry mole of dry exhaust gas, x prod/intdry ,Amount of dry stoichiometric products per dry mole of intake air, x dil/exhdry ,Amount of dilution gas and/or excess air per mole of dry exhaust gas, x int/exhdry ,Amount of intake air required to produce actual combustion products per mole of dry (raw or diluted) exhaust gas, x raw/exhdry ,Amount of undiluted exhaust, without excess air, per mole of dry (raw or diluted) exhaust gas, x O2intdry ,Amount of intake air O 2 per mole of dry intake air; x O2intdry = 0,209445 mol/mol may be assumed, x CO2intdry ,Amount of intake air CO 2 per mole of dry intake air. x CO2intdry = 375 μmol/mol may be used, but measuring the actual concentration in the intake air is recommended, x H2Ointdry ,Amount of the intake air H 2 O per mole of dry intake air, x CO2int ,Amount of intake air CO 2 per mole of intake air, x CO2dil ,Amount of dilution gas CO 2 per mole of dilution gas, x CO2dildry ,Amount of dilution gas CO 2 per mole of dry dilution gas. If air is used as diluent, x CO2dildry = 375 μmol/mol may be used, but measuring the actual concentration in the intake air is recommended, x H2Odildry ,Amount of dilution gas H 2 O per mole of dry dilution gas, x H2Odil ,Amount of dilution gas H 2 O per mole of dilution gas, x [emission]meas ,Amount of measured emission in the sample at the respective gas analyzer, x [emission]dry ,Amount of emission per dry mole of dry sample, x H2O[emission]meas ,Amount of water in sample at emission-detection location. These values shall be measured or estimated according to point 9.3.2.3.1., x H2Oint ,Amount of water in the intake air, based on a humidity measurement of intake air, K H2Ogas ,Water-gas reaction equilibrium coefficient. 3,5 or a different value might be calculated using good engineering judgement., α ,Atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s) (CH α O β ) being combusted, weighted by molar consumption, β ,Atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the mixture of fuel(s) (CH α O β ) being combusted, weighted by molar consumption, x dil/exh = 1 − x raw/exhdry 1 + x H2Oexhdry ,(7-84), x H2Oexh = x H2Oexhdry 1 + x H2Oexhdry ,(7-85), x Ccombdry = x CO2dry + x COdry + x THCdry − x CO2dil × x dil/exhdry − x CO2int × x int/exhdry ,(7-86), x H2dry = x COdry × x H2Oexhdry − x H2Odil × x dil/exhdry K H2Ogas × x CO2dry − x CO2dil × x dil/exhdry ,(7-87), x H2Oexhdry = α 2 x Ccombdry − x THCdry + x H2Odil × x dil/exhdry + x H2Oint × x int/exhdry − x H2dry ,(7-88), x dil/exhdry = x dil/exh 1 − x H2Oexh ,(7-89), x int/exhdry = 1 2 × x O2int α 2 − β + 2 + 2 γ x Ccombdry − x THCdry − x COdry − x NOdry − 2 x NO2dry + x H2dry ,(7-90), x raw/exhdry = 1 2 α 2 + β + δ x Ccombdry − x THCdry + 2 x THCdry + x COdry − x NO2dry + x H2dry + x int/exhdry ,(7-91), x O2int = 0,209820 − x CO2intdry 1 + x H2Ointdry ,(7-92), x CO2int = x CO2intdry 1 + x H2Ointdry ,(7-93), x H2Ointdry = x H2Oint 1 − x H2Oint ,(7-94), x CO2dil = x CO2dildry 1 + x H2Odildry ,(7-95), x H2Odildry = x H2Odil 1 − x H2Odil ,(7-96), x COdry = x COmeas 1 − x H2OCOmeas ,(7-97), x CO2dry = x CO2meas 1 − x H2OCO2meas ,(7-98), x NOdry = x NOmeas 1 − x H2ONOmeas ,(7-99), x NO2dry = x NO2meas 1 − x H2ONO2meas ,(7-100), x THCdry = x THCmeas 1 − x H2OTHCmeas ,(7-101), x NOxcor = x NOxuncor · (9,953 · x H2O + 0,832),(7-102), x NOxcor = x NOxuncor · (18,840 · x H2O + 0,68094),(7-103), m gas = M gas × ∫ ṅ exh × x gas × d t ,(7-104), m gas = M gas × ∫ ṅ exh × x gas × d t ⇒ m gas = 1 ƒ × M gas × ∑ i = 1 N ṅ exh i × x gas i ,(7-105), m gas = 1 ƒ × M gas × ∑ i = 1 N ṅ exh i × x gas i ,(7-106), m gas = M gas × ṅ exh × x – gas × Δ t ,(7-107), m gas = 1 ƒ × M gas × x – gas × ∑ i = 1 N ṅ exh i ,(7-108), x gasdry = x gas 1 − x H2O ,(7-109), x gas = x gasdry 1 + x H2Odry ,(7-110), x = x emission meas 1 − x H2Oexh 1 − x H2O emission meas ,(7-111), ṅ exh = ṅ int 1 + x int/exhdry − x raw/exhdry 1 + x H2Oexhdry ,(7-112), ṅ exh = ṁ fuel × W C × 1 + X H 2 Oexhdry M c × X Ccombdry , (7-113) , ṅ exh = x raw/exhdry − x int/exhdry × 1 − x H2Oexh × ṅ dexh + ṅ int ,(7-114), m gas = 1 f × M gas × ∑ i = 1 N ṅ exhi × X gasi , [see equation (7-106)] , m gas = M gas × ṅ exh × x – gas × Δ t , [see equation (7-107)] , m gas = 1 f × M gas × x – gas ∑ i = 1 N ṅ exhi , [see equation (7-108)] , m bkgnd = M gas × x gasdil × n airdil ή m bkgnd = M gas × x – dil ∕ exh × x – bkgnd × n dexh , (7-115) , m gascor = m gas – m bkgnd , (7-116) , x H2Odildry = x H2Odil 1 − x H2Odil ,[(see equation (7-96)], ṅ exh = ṁ fuel × w C × 1 + x H2Oexhdry M C × x Ccombdry ,(see equation 7-113), ṅ = ƒ n,PDP × p in × V rev R × T in ,(7-117), V rev = a 1 f n,PDP × p out − p in p in + a 0 ,(7-118), ṅ = C d × C f × A t × p in Z × M mix × R × T in ,(7-119), ṅ = C d × C f × A t × p in Z × M mix × R × T in ,(7-120), m PM = M – PM × ∑ i = 1 N ṅ i × Δ t i ,(7-121), m PM = M – PM × ṅ × Δ t ,(7-122), m PM = m PMdil × DR ,(7-123), DR = 1 1 − x dil ∕ exh ,(7-124), m PMcor = m PMuncor − M – PMbkgnd × n airdil ,(7-125), W act = ∑ i = 1 N P i × Δ t i = 1 f × 1 3600 × 1 10 3 × 2 × π 60 × ∑ i = 1 N n i × T i , (7-126) , T i = T i ,meas + T i ,AUX ,(7-127), e gas = m gas W act ,(7-128), e gas = 0,1 × m cold + 0,9 × m hot 0,1 × W actcold + 0,9 × W acthot ,(7-129), e CO2,hot = m CO2,hot W act,hot ,(7-130), e gas = ∑ i = 1 N mode ṁ gas i × WF i ∑ i = 1 N mode P i × WF i ,(7-131), e PM = m PM W act ,(7-132), e PM = ṁ PM ∑ i = 1 N mode P i × WF i , (7-133) , e PM = ∑ i = 1 N mode ṁ PM i × WF i ∑ i = 1 N mode P i × WF i , (7-134) , WF eff i = m smpldexh i × ṁ eqdexhwet – m smpldex × ṁ eqdexhwet i ,(7-135), ṅ ref = V stdref × p std T std × R = V actref × p act T act × R = ṁ ref M mix ,(7-136), V rev = ṅ ref – × R × T – in p – in × ƒ – n PDP ,(7-137), K s = 1 ƒ – n PDP × p – out − p – in p – out ,(7-138), Table 7.4 , Example of PDP calibration data , 755,0,12,58,50,43,0,8405,0,056, 987,6,16,46,49,86,0,831,– 0,013, 1 254,5,20,9,48,54,0,809,0,028, 1 401,3,23,355,47,30,0,7883,– 0,061, ṅ = C d × C f × A t × p in Z × M mix × R × T in ,(7-139), C d = ṅ ref × Z × M mix × R × T in C f × A t × p in , (7-140) , Table 7.5 , C fCFV versus β and γ for CFV flow meters , 0,000,0,6822,0,6846, 0,400,0,6857,0,6881, 0,500,0,6910,0,6934, 0,550,0,6953,0,6977, 0,600,0,7011,0,7036, 0,625,0,7047,0,7072, 0,650,0,7089,0,7114, 0,675,0,7137,0,7163, 0,700,0,7193,0,7219, 0,720,0,7245,0,7271, 0,740,0,7303,0,7329, 0,760,0,7368,0,7395, 0,770,0,7404,0,7431, 0,780,0,7442,0,7470, 0,790,0,7483,0,7511, 0,800,0,7527,0,7555, 0,810,0,7573,0,7602, 0,820,0,7624,0,7652, 0,830,0,7677,0,7707, 0,840,0,7735,0,7765, 0,850,0,7798,0,7828, C f = 2 × γ × r γ − 1 γ − 1 γ − 1 × β 4 − r − 2 γ 1 2 ,(7-141), r SSV = 1 − Δ p SSV p in ,(7-142), r 1 − γ γ CFV + γ − 1 2 × β 4 × r 2 γ CFV = γ + 1 2 ,(7-143), M mix = M air · (1 – x H2O ) + M H2O · ( x H2O ),(7-144), Table 7.6 , Examples of dilution air and calibration air dew points at which a constant M mix may be assumed , Range valid for all calibration and emission testing over the atmospheric pressure range (80,000 to 103,325) kPa. , dry,28,96559,dry to 18, 0,28,89263,dry to 21, 5,28,86148,dry to 22, 10,28,81911,dry to 24, 15,28,76224,dry to 26, 20,28,68685,– 8 to 28, 25,28,58806,12 to 31, 30,28,46005,23 to 34, Re # = 4 × M mix × ṅ ref π × d t × μ ,(7-145), μ = μ 0 T in T 0 3 2 × T 0 + S T in + S ,(7-146), Table 7.7 , Sutherland three-coefficient viscosity model parameters , Tabulated parameters only for the pure gases, as listed, shall be used. Parameters to calculate viscosities of gas mixtures shall not be combined. , Air,1,716 × 10 – 5 ,273,111,170 to 1 900,≤ 1 800, CO 2 ,1,370 × 10 – 5 ,273,222,190 to 1 700,≤ 3 600, H 2 O,1,12 × 10 – 5 ,350,1,064,360 to 1 500,≤ 10 000, O 2 ,1,919 × 10 – 5 ,273,139,190 to 2 000,≤ 2 500, N 2 ,1,663 × 10 – 5 ,273,107,100 to 1 500,≤ 1 600, C d = a 0 − a 1 × 10 6 Re # ,(7-147), r = 1 – (Δ p / p in ) , (7-148) , x i driftcor = x refzero + x refspan − x refzero 2 x i − x prezero + x postzero x prespan + x postspan − x prezero + x postzero ,(7-149), q m CF = 12,011 12,011 + α + 15,9994 × ε × g m f ,(7-150), q m Ce = c CO2,r − c CO2,a 100 × q m ew × 12,011 M e ,(7-151), q mCe = c CO 2, r − c CO 2, a 100 + c THC C 1 , r − c THC C 1 , a 100 + c CO,r − c CO,a 100 × q mew 12,011 M e ,(7-152), q m Cp = c CO2,d − c CO2,a 100 × q m ew × 12,011 M e × q m dew q m p ,(7-153), q mCe = c CO 2, d − c CO 2, a 100 + c THC C 1 , d − c THC C 1 , a 100 + c CO,d − c CO,a 100 × q mew 12,011 M e × q mdew q mp ,(7-154), y – = ∑ i = 1 N y i N ,(7-155), σ y = ∑ i = 1 N y i − y – 2 N − 1 ,(7-156), rms y = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N y 2 i ,(7-157), t = y – ref − y – σ 2 ref N ref + σ 2 y N ,(7-158), v = σ 2 ref N ref + σ 2 y N 2 σ 2 ref ∕ N ref 2 N ref − 1 + σ 2 y ∕ N 2 N − 1 ,(7-159), t = ε – × N σ ε , v = N – 1,(7-160), Table 7.8 , Critical t values versus number of degrees of freedom, v , ,90 %,95 %, 1,6,314,12,706, 2,2,920,4,303, 3,2,353,3,182, 4,2,132,2,776, 5,2,015,2,571, 6,1,943,2,447, 7,1,895,2,365, 8,1,860,2,306, 9,1,833,2,262, 10,1,812,2,228, 11,1,796,2,201, 12,1,782,2,179, 13,1,771,2,160, 14,1,761,2,145, 15,1,753,2,131, 16,1,746,2,120, 18,1,734,2,101, 20,1,725,2,086, 22,1,717,2,074, 24,1,711,2,064, 26,1,706,2,056, 28,1,701,2,048, 30,1,697,2,042, 35,1,690,2,030, 40,1,684,2,021, 50,1,676,2,009, 70,1,667,1,994, 100,1,660,1,984, 1 000+,1,645,1,960, F y = σ 2 y σ 2 ref ,(7-161), N ref – 1 , , 1 , 39,86 , 49,50 , 53,59 , 55,83 , 57,24 , 58,20 , 58,90 , 59,43 , 59,85 , 60,19 , 60,70 , 61,22 , 61,74 , 62,00 , 62,26 , 62,52 , 62,79 , 63,06 , 63,32 , 2 , 8,526 , 9,000 , 9,162 , 9,243 , 9,293 , 9,326 , 9,349 , 9,367 , 9,381 , 9,392 , 9,408 , 9,425 , 9,441 , 9,450 , 9,458 , 9,466 , 9,475 , 9,483 , 9,491 , 3 , 5,538 , 5,462 , 5,391 , 5,343 , 5,309 , 5,285 , 5,266 , 5,252 , 5,240 , 5,230 , 5,216 , 5,200 , 5,184 , 5,176 , 5,168 , 5,160 , 5,151 , 5,143 , 5,134 , 4 , 4,545 , 4,325 , 4,191 , 4,107 , 4,051 , 4,010 , 3,979 , 3,955 , 3,936 , 3,920 , 3,896 , 3,870 , 3,844 , 3,831 , 3,817 , 3,804 , 3,790 , 3,775 , 3,761 , 5 , 4,060 , 3,780 , 3,619 , 3,520 , 3,453 , 3,405 , 3,368 , 3,339 , 3,316 , 3,297 , 3,268 , 3,238 , 3,207 , 3,191 , 3,174 , 3,157 , 3,140 , 3,123 , 3,105 , 6 , 3,776 , 3,463 , 3,289 , 3,181 , 3,108 , 3,055 , 3,014 , 2,983 , 2,958 , 2,937 , 2,905 , 2,871 , 2,836 , 2,818 , 2,800 , 2,781 , 2,762 , 2,742 , 2,722 , 7 , 3,589 , 3,257 , 3,074 , 2,961 , 2,883 , 2,827 , 2,785 , 2,752 , 2,725 , 2,703 , 2,668 , 2,632 , 2,595 , 2,575 , 2,555 , 2,535 , 2,514 , 2,493 , 2,471 , 8 , 3,458 , 3,113 , 2,924 , 2,806 , 2,726 , 2,668 , 2,624 , 2,589 , 2,561 , 2,538 , 2,502 , 2,464 , 2,425 , 2,404 , 2,383 , 2,361 , 2,339 , 2,316 , 2,293 , 9 , 3,360 , 3,006 , 2,813 , 2,693 , 2,611 , 2,551 , 2,505 , 2,469 , 2,440 , 2,416 , 2,379 , 2,340 , 2,298 , 2,277 , 2,255 , 2,232 , 2,208 , 2,184 , 2,159 , 10 , 3,285 , 2,924 , 2,728 , 2,605 , 2,522 , 2,461 , 2,414 , 2,377 , 2,347 , 2,323 , 2,284 , 2,244 , 2,201 , 2,178 , 2,155 , 2,132 , 2,107 , 2,082 , 2,055 , 11 , 3,225 , 2,860 , 2,660 , 2,536 , 2,451 , 2,389 , 2,342 , 2,304 , 2,274 , 2,248 , 2,209 , 2,167 , 2,123 , 2,100 , 2,076 , 2,052 , 2,026 , 2,000 , 1,972 , 12 , 3,177 , 2,807 , 2,606 , 2,480 , 2,394 , 2,331 , 2,283 , 2,245 , 2,214 , 2,188 , 2,147 , 2,105 , 2,060 , 2,036 , 2,011 , 1,986 , 1,960 , 1,932 , 1,904 , 13 , 3,136 , 2,763 , 2,560 , 2,434 , 2,347 , 2,283 , 2,234 , 2,195 , 2,164 , 2,138 , 2,097 , 2,053 , 2,007 , 1,983 , 1,958 , 1,931 , 1,904 , 1,876 , 1,846 , 14 , 3,102 , 2,726 , 2,522 , 2,395 , 2,307 , 2,243 , 2,193 , 2,154 , 2,122 , 2,095 , 2,054 , 2,010 , 1,962 , 1,938 , 1,912 , 1,885 , 1,857 , 1,828 , 1,797 , 15 , 3,073 , 2,695 , 2,490 , 2,361 , 2,273 , 2,208 , 2,158 , 2,119 , 2,086 , 2,059 , 2,017 , 1,972 , 1,924 , 1,899 , 1,873 , 1,845 , 1,817 , 1,787 , 1,755 , 16 , 3,048 , 2,668 , 2,462 , 2,333 , 2,244 , 2,178 , 2,128 , 2,088 , 2,055 , 2,028 , 1,985 , 1,940 , 1,891 , 1,866 , 1,839 , 1,811 , 1,782 , 1,751 , 1,718 , 17 , 3,026 , 2,645 , 2,437 , 2,308 , 2,218 , 2,152 , 2,102 , 2,061 , 2,028 , 2,001 , 1,958 , 1,912 , 1,862 , 1,836 , 1,809 , 1,781 , 1,751 , 1,719 , 1,686 , 18 , 3,007 , 2,624 , 2,416 , 2,286 , 2,196 , 2,130 , 2,079 , 2,038 , 2,005 , 1,977 , 1,933 , 1,887 , 1,837 , 1,810 , 1,783 , 1,754 , 1,723 , 1,691 , 1,657 , 19 , 2,990 , 2,606 , 2,397 , 2,266 , 2,176 , 2,109 , 2,058 , 2,017 , 1,984 , 1,956 , 1,912 , 1,865 , 1,814 , 1,787 , 1,759 , 1,730 , 1,699 , 1,666 , 1,631 , 20 , 2,975 , 2,589 , 2,380 , 2,249 , 2,158 , 2,091 , 2,040 , 1,999 , 1,965 , 1,937 , 1,892 , 1,845 , 1,794 , 1,767 , 1,738 , 1,708 , 1,677 , 1,643 , 1,607 , 21 , 2,961 , 2,575 , 2,365 , 2,233 , 2,142 , 2,075 , 2,023 , 1,982 , 1,948 , 1,920 , 1,875 , 1,827 , 1,776 , 1,748 , 1,719 , 1,689 , 1,657 , 1,623 , 1,586 , 20 , 2,949 , 2,561 , 2,351 , 2,219 , 2,128 , 2,061 , 2,008 , 1,967 , 1,933 , 1,904 , 1,859 , 1,811 , 1,759 , 1,731 , 1,702 , 1,671 , 1,639 , 1,604 , 1,567 , 23 , 2,937 , 2,549 , 2,339 , 2,207 , 2,115 , 2,047 , 1,995 , 1,953 , 1,919 , 1,890 , 1,845 , 1,796 , 1,744 , 1,716 , 1,686 , 1,655 , 1,622 , 1,587 , 1,549 , 24 , 2,927 , 2,538 , 2,327 , 2,195 , 2,103 , 2,035 , 1,983 , 1,941 , 1,906 , 1,877 , 1,832 , 1,783 , 1,730 , 1,702 , 1,672 , 1,641 , 1,607 , 1,571 , 1,533 , 25 , 2,918 , 2,528 , 2,317 , 2,184 , 2,092 , 2,024 , 1,971 , 1,929 , 1,895 , 1,866 , 1,820 , 1,771 , 1,718 , 1,689 , 1,659 , 1,627 , 1,593 , 1,557 , 1,518 , 26 , 2,909 , 2,519 , 2,307 , 2,174 , 2,082 , 2,014 , 1,961 , 1,919 , 1,884 , 1,855 , 1,809 , 1,760 , 1,706 , 1,677 , 1,647 , 1,615 , 1,581 , 1,544 , 1,504 , 27 , 2,901 , 2,511 , 2,299 , 2,165 , 2,073 , 2,005 , 1,952 , 1,909 , 1,874 , 1,845 , 1,799 , 1,749 , 1,695 , 1,666 , 1,636 , 1,603 , 1,569 , 1,531 , 1,491 , 28 , 2,894 , 2,503 , 2,291 , 2,157 , 2,064 , 1,996 , 1,943 , 1,900 , 1,865 , 1,836 , 1,790 , 1,740 , 1,685 , 1,656 , 1,625 , 1,593 , 1,558 , 1,520 , 1,478 , 29 , 2,887 , 2,495 , 2,283 , 2,149 , 2,057 , 1,988 , 1,935 , 1,892 , 1,857 , 1,827 , 1,781 , 1,731 , 1,676 , 1,647 , 1,616 , 1,583 , 1,547 , 1,509 , 1,467 , 30 , 2,881 , 2,489 , 2,276 , 2,142 , 2,049 , 1,980 , 1,927 , 1,884 , 1,849 , 1,819 , 1,773 , 1,722 , 1,667 , 1,638 , 1,606 , 1,573 , 1,538 , 1,499 , 1,456 , 40 , 2,835 , 2,440 , 2,226 , 2,091 , 1,997 , 1,927 , 1,873 , 1,829 , 1,793 , 1,763 , 1,715 , 1,662 , 1,605 , 1,574 , 1,541 , 1,506 , 1,467 , 1,425 , 1,377 , 60 , 2,791 , 2,393 , 2,177 , 2,041 , 1,946 , 1,875 , 1,819 , 1,775 , 1,738 , 1,707 , 1,657 , 1,603 , 1,543 , 1,511 , 1,476 , 1,437 , 1,395 , 1,348 , 1,291 , 120 , 2,748 , 2,347 , 2,130 , 1,992 , 1,896 , 1,824 , 1,767 , 1,722 , 1,684 , 1,652 , 1,601 , 1,545 , 1,482 , 1,447 , 1,409 , 1,368 , 1,320 , 1,265 , 1,193 , 1000+ , 2,706 , 2,303 , 2,084 , 1,945 , 1,847 , 1,774 , 1,717 , 1,670 , 1,632 , 1,599 , 1,546 , 1,487 , 1,421 , 1,383 , 1,342 , 1,295 , 1,240 , 1,169 , 1,000 , N ref – 1 , , 1 , 161,4 , 199,5 , 215,7 , 224,5 , 230,1 , 233,9 , 236,7 , 238,8 , 240,5 , 241,8 , 243,9 , 245,9 , 248,0 , 249,0 , 250,1 , 251,1 , 252,2 , 253,2 , 254,3 , 2 , 18,51 , 19,00 , 19,16 , 19,24 , 19,29 , 19,33 , 19,35 , 19,37 , 19,38 , 19,39 , 19,41 , 19,42 , 19,44 , 19,45 , 19,46 , 19,47 , 19,47 , 19,48 , 19,49 , 3 , 10,12 , 9,552 , 9,277 , 9,117 , 9,014 , 8,941 , 8,887 , 8,845 , 8,812 , 8,786 , 8,745 , 8,703 , 8,660 , 8,639 , 8,617 , 8,594 , 8,572 , 8,549 , 8,526 , 4 , 7,709 , 6,944 , 6,591 , 6,388 , 6,256 , 6,163 , 6,094 , 6,041 , 5,999 , 5,964 , 5,912 , 5,858 , 5,803 , 5,774 , 5,746 , 5,717 , 5,688 , 5,658 , 5,628 , 5 , 6,608 , 5,786 , 5,410 , 5,192 , 5,050 , 4,950 , 4,876 , 4,818 , 4,773 , 4,735 , 4,678 , 4,619 , 4,558 , 4,527 , 4,496 , 4,464 , 4,431 , 4,399 , 4,365 , 6 , 5,987 , 5,143 , 4,757 , 4,534 , 4,387 , 4,284 , 4,207 , 4,147 , 4,099 , 4,060 , 4,000 , 3,938 , 3,874 , 3,842 , 3,808 , 3,774 , 3,740 , 3,705 , 3,669 , 7 , 5,591 , 4,737 , 4,347 , 4,120 , 3,972 , 3,866 , 3,787 , 3,726 , 3,677 , 3,637 , 3,575 , 3,511 , 3,445 , 3,411 , 3,376 , 3,340 , 3,304 , 3,267 , 3,230 , 8 , 5,318 , 4,459 , 4,066 , 3,838 , 3,688 , 3,581 , 3,501 , 3,438 , 3,388 , 3,347 , 3,284 , 3,218 , 3,150 , 3,115 , 3,079 , 3,043 , 3,005 , 2,967 , 2,928 , 9 , 5,117 , 4,257 , 3,863 , 3,633 , 3,482 , 3,374 , 3,293 , 3,230 , 3,179 , 3,137 , 3,073 , 3,006 , 2,937 , 2,901 , 2,864 , 2,826 , 2,787 , 2,748 , 2,707 , 10 , 4,965 , 4,103 , 3,708 , 3,478 , 3,326 , 3,217 , 3,136 , 3,072 , 3,020 , 2,978 , 2,913 , 2,845 , 2,774 , 2,737 , 2,700 , 2,661 , 2,621 , 2,580 , 2,538 , 11 , 4,844 , 3,982 , 3,587 , 3,357 , 3,204 , 3,095 , 3,012 , 2,948 , 2,896 , 2,854 , 2,788 , 2,719 , 2,646 , 2,609 , 2,571 , 2,531 , 2,490 , 2,448 , 2,405 , 12 , 4,747 , 3,885 , 3,490 , 3,259 , 3,106 , 2,996 , 2,913 , 2,849 , 2,796 , 2,753 , 2,687 , 2,617 , 2,544 , 2,506 , 2,466 , 2,426 , 2,384 , 2,341 , 2,296 , 13 , 4,667 , 3,806 , 3,411 , 3,179 , 3,025 , 2,915 , 2,832 , 2,767 , 2,714 , 2,671 , 2,604 , 2,533 , 2,459 , 2,420 , 2,380 , 2,339 , 2,297 , 2,252 , 2,206 , 14 , 4,600 , 3,739 , 3,344 , 3,112 , 2,958 , 2,848 , 2,764 , 2,699 , 2,646 , 2,602 , 2,534 , 2,463 , 2,388 , 2,349 , 2,308 , 2,266 , 2,223 , 2,178 , 2,131 , 15 , 4,543 , 3,682 , 3,287 , 3,056 , 2,901 , 2,791 , 2,707 , 2,641 , 2,588 , 2,544 , 2,475 , 2,403 , 2,328 , 2,288 , 2,247 , 2,204 , 2,160 , 2,114 , 2,066 , 16 , 4,494 , 3,634 , 3,239 , 3,007 , 2,852 , 2,741 , 2,657 , 2,591 , 2,538 , 2,494 , 2,425 , 2,352 , 2,276 , 2,235 , 2,194 , 2,151 , 2,106 , 2,059 , 2,010 , 17 , 4,451 , 3,592 , 3,197 , 2,965 , 2,810 , 2,699 , 2,614 , 2,548 , 2,494 , 2,450 , 2,381 , 2,308 , 2,230 , 2,190 , 2,148 , 2,104 , 2,058 , 2,011 , 1,960 , 18 , 4,414 , 3,555 , 3,160 , 2,928 , 2,773 , 2,661 , 2,577 , 2,510 , 2,456 , 2,412 , 2,342 , 2,269 , 2,191 , 2,150 , 2,107 , 2,063 , 2,017 , 1,968 , 1,917 , 19 , 4,381 , 3,522 , 3,127 , 2,895 , 2,740 , 2,628 , 2,544 , 2,477 , 2,423 , 2,378 , 2,308 , 2,234 , 2,156 , 2,114 , 2,071 , 2,026 , 1,980 , 1,930 , 1,878 , 20 , 4,351 , 3,493 , 3,098 , 2,866 , 2,711 , 2,599 , 2,514 , 2,447 , 2,393 , 2,348 , 2,278 , 2,203 , 2,124 , 2,083 , 2,039 , 1,994 , 1,946 , 1,896 , 1,843 , 21 , 4,325 , 3,467 , 3,073 , 2,840 , 2,685 , 2,573 , 2,488 , 2,421 , 2,366 , 2,321 , 2,250 , 2,176 , 2,096 , 2,054 , 2,010 , 1,965 , 1,917 , 1,866 , 1,812 , 22 , 4,301 , 3,443 , 3,049 , 2,817 , 2,661 , 2,549 , 2,464 , 2,397 , 2,342 , 2,297 , 2,226 , 2,151 , 2,071 , 2,028 , 1,984 , 1,938 , 1,889 , 1,838 , 1,783 , 23 , 4,279 , 3,422 , 3,028 , 2,796 , 2,640 , 2,528 , 2,442 , 2,375 , 2,320 , 2,275 , 2,204 , 2,128 , 2,048 , 2,005 , 1,961 , 1,914 , 1,865 , 1,813 , 1,757 , 24 , 4,260 , 3,403 , 3,009 , 2,776 , 2,621 , 2,508 , 2,423 , 2,355 , 2,300 , 2,255 , 2,183 , 2,108 , 2,027 , 1,984 , 1,939 , 1,892 , 1,842 , 1,790 , 1,733 , 25 , 4,242 , 3,385 , 2,991 , 2,759 , 2,603 , 2,490 , 2,405 , 2,337 , 2,282 , 2,237 , 2,165 , 2,089 , 2,008 , 1,964 , 1,919 , 1,872 , 1,822 , 1,768 , 1,711 , 26 , 4,225 , 3,369 , 2,975 , 2,743 , 2,587 , 2,474 , 2,388 , 2,321 , 2,266 , 2,220 , 2,148 , 2,072 , 1,990 , 1,946 , 1,901 , 1,853 , 1,803 , 1,749 , 1,691 , 27 , 4,210 , 3,354 , 2,960 , 2,728 , 2,572 , 2,459 , 2,373 , 2,305 , 2,250 , 2,204 , 2,132 , 2,056 , 1,974 , 1,930 , 1,884 , 1,836 , 1,785 , 1,731 , 1,672 , 28 , 4,196 , 3,340 , 2,947 , 2,714 , 2,558 , 2,445 , 2,359 , 2,291 , 2,236 , 2,190 , 2,118 , 2,041 , 1,959 , 1,915 , 1,869 , 1,820 , 1,769 , 1,714 , 1,654 , 29 , 4,183 , 3,328 , 2,934 , 2,701 , 2,545 , 2,432 , 2,346 , 2,278 , 2,223 , 2,177 , 2,105 , 2,028 , 1,945 , 1,901 , 1,854 , 1,806 , 1,754 , 1,698 , 1,638 , 30 , 4,171 , 3,316 , 2,922 , 2,690 , 2,534 , 2,421 , 2,334 , 2,266 , 2,211 , 2,165 , 2,092 , 2,015 , 1,932 , 1,887 , 1,841 , 1,792 , 1,740 , 1,684 , 1,622 , 40 , 4,085 , 3,232 , 2,839 , 2,606 , 2,450 , 2,336 , 2,249 , 2,180 , 2,124 , 2,077 , 2,004 , 1,925 , 1,839 , 1,793 , 1,744 , 1,693 , 1,637 , 1,577 , 1,509 , 60 , 4,001 , 3,150 , 2,758 , 2,525 , 2,368 , 2,254 , 2,167 , 2,097 , 2,040 , 1,993 , 1,917 , 1,836 , 1,748 , 1,700 , 1,649 , 1,594 , 1,534 , 1,467 , 1,389 , 120 , 3,920 , 3,072 , 2,680 , 2,447 , 2,290 , 2,175 , 2,087 , 2,016 , 1,959 , 1,911 , 1,834 , 1,751 , 1,659 , 1,608 , 1,554 , 1,495 , 1,429 , 1,352 , 1,254 , 1000+ , 3,842 , 2,996 , 2,605 , 2,372 , 2,214 , 2,099 , 2,010 , 1,938 , 1,880 , 1,831 , 1,752 , 1,666 , 1,571 , 1,517 , 1,459 , 1,394 , 1,318 , 1,221 , 1,000 , a 1 y = ∑ i = 1 N y i − y – × y ref i − y – ref ∑ i = 1 N y ref i − y – ref 2 ,(7-162), a 0 y = y – − a 1 y × y – ref ,(7-163), SEE y = ∑ i = 1 N y i − a 0 y − a 1 y × y ref i 2 N − 2 ,(7-164), r 2 y = 1 − ∑ i = 1 N y i − a 0 y − a 1 y × y ref i 2 ∑ i = 1 N y i − y – 2 ,(7-165), a g = 9,7803267715 [1 + 5,2790414 × 10 – 3 sin 2 θ + 2,32718 × 10 – 5 sin 4 θ + 1,262 × 10 – 7 sin 6 θ + 7 × 10 – 10 sin 8 θ ],(7-166), N = m edf 1,293 × k × c – s × ƒ – r × 10 6 ,(7-167), c – s = ∑ i = 1 i = n c s,i n ,(7-168), N = m edf 1,293 × k × c – s × ƒ – r × 10 6 ,(7-169), c – = ∑ i = 1 i = n c s,i n ,(7-170), Ṅ = q medƒ 1,293 × k × c – s × ƒ – r × 10 6 × 3600 ,(7-171), c – s = ∑ i = 1 i = n c s,i n ,(7-172), Ṅ = q mdew 1,293 × k × c – s × ƒ – r × 10 6 × 3600 ,(7-173), c – s = ∑ i = 1 i = n c s,i n ,(7-174), e = N W act ,(7-175), e = k r 0,1 × N cold + 0,9 × N hot 0,1 × W act,cold + 0,9 × W act,hot ,(7-176), e = k r + 0,1 × N cold + 0,9 × N hot 0,1 × W act,cold + 0,9 × W act,hot ,(7-177), e = ∑ i = 1 N mode Ṅ i × WF i ∑ i = 1 N mode P i × WF i ,(7-178), c NH3 = 1 n ∑ i = 1 i = n c NH3,i ,(7-179), c NH3 = (0,1 × c NH3,cold ) + (0,9 × c NH3,hot ) , (7-180) , c NH3 = ∑ i = 1 N mode c – NH3,i × WF i ,(7-181), CH 4 ,2,8681,0,0,0,0040, G R ,2,7676,0,0,0,0040, G 23 ,2,7986,0,0,0703,0,0043, G 25 ,2,7377,0,0,1319,0,0045, Propane,2,2633,0,0,0,0039, Butane,2,1837,0,0,0,0038, LPG,2,1957,0,0,0,0038, LPG Fuel A,2,1740,0,0,0,0038, LPG Fuel B,2,2402,0,0,0,0039, m gas = 1 f × k h × k × ∑ N i = 1 u gas, i × q mew, i × c gas, i ,(8-1), Depending on fuel. , At λ = 2, dry air, 273 K, 101,3 kPa. , u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C = 58 – 76 %; H = 19 – 25 %; N = 0 – 14 % (CH 4 , G 20 , G 23 , and G 25 ). , NMHC on the basis of CH 2,93 (for total HC the u gas coefficient of CH 4 shall be used). , u accurate within 0,2 % for mass composition of: C 3 = 27 – 90 %; C4 = 10 – 73 % (LPG Fuels A and B) , 2,053,1,250, ,1,9636,1,4277,0,716, CNG/LNG ,1,2786,0,001606,0,000978,0,000528 ,0,001536,0,001117,0,000560, Propane,1,2869,0,001596,0,000972,0,000510,0,001527,0,001110,0,000556, Butane,1,2883,0,001594,0,000971,0,000503,0,001525,0,001109,0,000556, LPG ,1,2881,0,001594,0,000971,0,000506,0,001525,0,001109,0,000556, q mf = q mf1 + q mf2 , (8-2) , w H = w H1 × q m f1 + w H2 × q m f2 q m f1 + q m f2 , (8-3) , w C = w C1 × q m f1 + w C2 × q m f2 q m f1 + q m f2 , (8-4) , w S = w S1 × q m f1 + w S2 × q m f2 q m f1 + q m f2 , (8-5) , w N = w N1 × q m f1 + w N2 × q m f2 q m f1 + q m f2 , (8-6) , w O = w O1 × q m f1 + w O2 × q m f2 q m f1 + q m f2 , (8-7) , α = 11,9164 × w H w C , (8-8) , γ = 0,37464 × w S w C , (8-9) , δ = 0,85752 × w N w C , (8-10) , ε = 0,75072 × w O w C , (8-11) , α t = ṁ liquid t × w H,liquid M H + ṁ gas t × w H,gas M H ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid M C + ṁ gas t × w C,gas M C = M C × ṁ liquid t × w H,liquid + ṁ gas t × w H,gas M H × ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid + ṁ gas t × w C,gas ,(8-12), β t = ṁ liquid t × w O,liquid M O + ṁ gas t × w O,gas M O ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid M C + ṁ gas t × w C,gas M C = M C × ṁ liquid t × w O,liquid + ṁ gas t × w O,gas M O × ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid + ṁ gas t × w C,gas ,(8-13), γ t = ṁ liquid t × w S,liquid M S + ṁ gas t × w S,gas M S ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid M C + ṁ gas t × w C,gas M C = M C × ṁ liquid t × w S,liquid + ṁ gas t × w S,gas M S × ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid + ṁ gas t × w C,gas ,(8-14), δ t = ṁ liquid t × w N,liquid M N + ṁ gas t × w N,gas M N ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid M C + ṁ gas t × w C,gas M C = M C × ṁ liquid t × w N,liquid + ṁ gas t × w N,gas M N × ṁ liquid t × w C,liquid + ṁ gas t × w C,gas ,(8-15), w C = ṁ liquid × w C,liquid + ṁ gas × w C,gas ṁ liquid + ṁ gas ,(8-16), m fuel,corr = m fuel − m THC + A C + a × A H M CO xm CO + W GAM + W DEL + W EPS 100 × m fuel ,(8-17), m CO 2 fuel = M CO 2 A C + a + A H × m fuel,corr ,(8-18), m CO 2 ,urea = c urea 100 × M CO2 M CO NH 2 2 × m urea ,(8-19), m CO2 = m CO2,fuel + m CO2,urea ,(8-20), 1A, GER NRTC, hot ≥ 0,9 or GER NRSC, ≥ 0,9 ,NOT allowed,Allowed only on service mode,Allowed only on service mode,Service mode,, 1B, GER NRTC, hot ≥ 0,9 or GER NRSC ≥ 0,9 ,Allowed only on liquid-fuel mode,Allowed only on liquid-fuel mode,Allowed only on liquid-fuel and service modes,Liquid-fuel mode,, 2A, 0,1 < GER NRTC, hot < 0,9 or 0,1 < GER NRSC < 0,9 ,Allowed,Allowed only on service mode,Allowed only on service mode,Service mode, GER NRTC, hot ≥ 0,9 or GER NRSC ≥ 0,9 Allowed , 2B, 0,1 < GER NRTC, hot < 0,9 or 0,1 < GER NRSC < 0,9 ,Allowed,Allowed,Allowed,Liquid-fuel mode, GER NRTC, hot ≥ 0,9 or GER NRSC ≥ 0,9 allowed , 3A,Neither defined nor allowed, 3B, GER NRTC, hot ≤ 0,1 or GER NRSC ≤ 0,1 ,Allowed,Allowed,Allowed,Liquid-fuel mode,, The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 ‘Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test’ have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels should nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify the questions as to whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 should be applied. , The range for the cetane number is not in accordance with the requirements of a minimum range of 4R. However, in the case of a dispute between fuel supplier and fuel user, the terms of ISO 4259 may be used to resolve such disputes provided replicate measurements, of sufficient number to archive the necessary precision, are made in preference to single determinations. , Even though oxidation stability is controlled, it is likely that shelf life will be limited. Advice should be sought from the supplier as to storage conditions and life. , Cetane number ,,45,56,0,EN-ISO 5165, Density at 15 °C,kg/m 3 ,833,865,EN-ISO 3675, Distillation:,,,,, 50 % point,°C,245,—,EN-ISO 3405, 95 % point,°C,345,350,EN-ISO 3405, Final boiling point ,°C,—,370,EN-ISO 3405, Flash point,°C,55,—,EN 22719, CFPP,°C,—,– 5,EN 116, Viscosity at 40 °C,mm 2 /s,2,3,3,3,EN-ISO 3104, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,% m/m,2,0,6,0,IP 391, Sulphur content ,mg/kg,—,10,ASTM D 5453, Copper corrosion,,—,class 1,EN-ISO 2160, Conradson carbon residue (10 % DR),% m/m,—,0,2,EN-ISO 10370, Ash content,% m/m,—,0,01,EN-ISO 6245, Total contamination,mg/kg,—,24,EN 12662, Water content,% m/m,—,0,02,EN-ISO 12937, Neutralization (strong acid) number,mg KOH/g,—,0,10,ASTM D 974, Oxidation stability ,mg/ml,—,0,025,EN-ISO 12205, Lubricity (HFRR wear scar diameter at 60 °C),μm,—,400,CEC F-06-A-96, Oxidation stability at 110 °C ,H,20,0,—,EN 15751, FAME,% v/v,—,7,0,EN 14078, Notes: , The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. , Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above. , Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of EN 15489 shall be applied. , ( 1 ) Additives, such as cetane improver as specified by the engine manufacturer, may be added to the ethanol fuel, as long as no negative side effects are known. If these conditions are satisfied, the maximum allowed amount is 10 % m/m., Total alcohol (Ethanol incl. content on higher saturated alcohols),% m/m,92,4,,EN 15721, Other higher saturated mono-alcohols (C 3 -C 5 ),% m/m,,2,0,EN 15721, Methanol,% m/m,,0,3,EN 15721, Density 15 °C,kg/m 3 ,793,0,815,0,EN ISO 12185, Acidity, calculated as acetic acid,% m/m,,0,0025,EN 15491, Appearance,,Bright and clear,, Flashpoint,°C,10,,EN 3679, Dry residue,mg/kg,,15,EN 15691, Water content,% m/m,,6,5, EN 15489 EN-ISO 12937 EN15692 , Aldehydes calculated as acetaldehyde,% m/m,,0,0050,ISO 1388-4, Esters calculated as ethylacetat,% m/m,,0,1,ASTM D1617, Sulphur content,mg/kg,,10,0, EN 15485 EN 15486 , Sulphates,mg/kg,,4,0,EN 15492, Particulate contamination,mg/kg,,24,EN 12662, Phosphorus,mg/l,,0,20,EN 15487, Inorganic chloride,mg/kg,,1,0,EN 15484 or EN 15492, Copper,mg/kg,,0,100,EN 15488, Electrical Conductivity,μS/cm,,2,50,DIN 51627-4 or prEN 15938, Notes: , The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. , Equivalent EN/ISO methods will be adopted when issued for properties listed above. , A correction factor of 0,2 for MON and RON shall be subtracted for the calculation of the final result in accordance with EN 228:2008. , The fuel may contain oxidation inhibitors and metal deactivators normally used to stabilise refinery gasoline streams, but detergent/dispersive additives and solvent oils shall not be added. , Ethanol meeting the specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to the reference fuel. , The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type 1 test shall be reported. , There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. , The ethanol content and corresponding oxygen content may be zero for engines of category SMB at the choice of the manufacturer. In this case all testing of the engine family, or engine type where no family exists, shall be conducted using petrol with zero ethanol content. , Research octane number, RON,,91,0,98,0,EN ISO 5164:2005 , Motor octane number, MON,,83,0,89,0,EN ISO 5163:2005 , Density at 15 °C,kg/m 3 ,743,756, EN ISO 3675 EN ISO 12185 , Vapour pressure,kPa,45,0,60,0,EN ISO 13016-1 (DVPE), Water content,,, Max 0,05 % v/v Appearance at – 7 °C: clear and bright ,EN 12937, Distillation:,,,,, evaporated at 70 °C ,% v/v,18,0,46,0,EN-ISO 3405, evaporated at 100 °C ,% v/v,46,0,62,0,EN-ISO 3405, evaporated at 150 °C ,% v/v,75,0,94,0,EN-ISO 3405, final boiling point ,°C,170,210,EN-ISO 3405, Residue,% v/v,—,2,0,EN-ISO 3405, Hydrocarbon analysis:,,,,, olefins ,% v/v,3,0,18,0, EN 14517 EN 15553 , aromatics ,% v/v,19,5,35,0, EN 14517 EN 15553 , benzene ,% v/v,—,1,0, EN 12177 EN 238, EN 14517 , saturates ,% v/v,Report, EN 14517 EN 15553 , Carbon/hydrogen ratio,,Report,, Carbon/oxygen ratio,,Report,, Induction period ,minutes,480,,EN-ISO 7536, Oxygen content ,% m/m,3,3 ,3,7, EN 1601 EN 13132 EN 14517 , Existent gum,mg/ml,—,0,04,EN-ISO 6246, Sulphur content ,mg/kg,—,10, EN ISO 20846 EN ISO 20884 , Copper corrosion (3h at 50 °C),rating,—,Class 1,EN-ISO 2160, Lead content,mg/l,—,5,EN 237, Phosphorus content ,mg/l,—,1,3,ASTM D 3231, Ethanol ,% v/v,9,0 ,10,2 ,EN 22854, Notes: , The values quoted in the specifications are ‘true values’. In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied and in fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero has been taken into account; in fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference is 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this measure, which is necessary for technical reasons, the manufacturer of fuels shall nevertheless aim at a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and at the mean value in the case of quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Should it be necessary to clarify whether a fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. , The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the emission tests shall be reported. , Ethanol to meet specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to this reference fuel. , The unleaded petrol content can be determined as 100 minus the sum of the % content of water, alcohols, MTBE and ETBE. , There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. , Research octane number, RON,,95,0,—,EN ISO 5164, Motor octane number, MON,,85,0,—,EN ISO 5163, Density at 15 °C,kg/m 3 ,Report,ISO 3675, Vapour pressure,kPa,40,0,60,0,EN ISO 13016-1 (DVPE), Sulphur content ,mg/kg,—,10,EN 15485 or EN 15486, Oxidation stability,Minutes,360,,EN ISO 7536, Existent gum content (solvent washed),mg/100ml,—,5,EN-ISO 6246, Appearance This shall be determined at ambient temperature or 15 °C whichever is higher ,,Clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants,Visual inspection, Ethanol and higher alcohols ,% v/v,83,85, EN 1601 EN 13132 EN 14517 E DIN 51627-3 , Higher alcohols (C 3 -C 8 ),% v/v,—,2,0,E DIN 51627-3, Methanol,% v/v,,1,00,E DIN 51627-3, Petrol ,% v/v,Balance,EN 228, Phosphous,mg/l,0,20 ,EN 15487, Water content,% v/v,,0,300,EN 15489 or EN 15692, Inorganic chloride content,mg/l,,1,EN 15492, pHe,,6,5,9,0,EN 15490, Copper strip corrosion (3h at 50 °C),Rating,Class 1,,EN ISO 2160, Acidity, (as acetic acid CH 3 COOH), % m/m (mg/l) ,—, 0,0050 (40) ,EN 15491, Electric Conductivity,μS/cm,1,5,DIN 51627-4 or prEN 15938, Carbon/hydrogen ratio,,Report,, Carbon/oxygen ration,,Report,, Notes: , Balance shall be read as follows: balance = 100 – C 3 – < C 3 – > C 4 . , This method may not accurately determine the presence of corrosive materials if the sample contains corrosion inhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the corrosivity of the sample to the copper strip. Therefore, the addition of such compounds for the sole purpose of biasing the test method is prohibited. , At the request of the engine manufacturer, a higher MON could be used to perform the type approval tests. , Composition:,,,,EN 27941, C 3 -content,% v/v,30 ± 2,85 ± 2,, C 4 -content,% v/v,Balance ,Balance ,, < C 3 , > C 4 ,% v/v,Maximum 2,Maximum 2,, Olefins,% v/v,Maximum 12,Maximum 15,, Evaporation residue,mg/kg,Maximum 50,Maximum 50,EN 15470, Water at 0 °C,,Free,Free,EN 15469, Total sulphur content including odorant,mg/kg,Maximum 10,Maximum 10,EN 24260, ASTM D 3246, ASTM 6667, Hydrogen sulphide,,None,None,EN ISO 8819, Copper strip corrosion (1h at 40 °C),Rating,Class 1,Class 1,ISO 6251 , Odour,,Characteristic,Characteristic,, Motor octane number ,,Minimum 89,0,Minimum 89,0,EN 589 Annex B, Inerts (different from N 2 ) + C 2 + C 2 +. , Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. , Value to be determined at 273,2 K (0 °C) and 101,3 kPa. , Composition:,,,,,, Methane,,87,84,89,, Ethane,,13,11,15,, Balance ( 1 ),% mole,—,—,1,ISO 6974, Sulphur content,mg/m 3 ( 2 ),—,,10,ISO 6326-5, Notes: ( 1 ) Inerts + C 2+ ( 2 ) Value to be determined at standard conditions 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. , Composition:,,,,,, Methane,,92,5,91,5,93,5,, Balance ( 1 ),% mole,—,—,1,ISO 6974, N 2 ,% mole,7,5,6,5,8,5,, Sulphur content,mg/m 3 ( 2 ),—,—,10,ISO 6326-5, Notes: ( 1 ) Inerts (different from N 2 ) + C 2 + C 2+ ( 2 ) Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. , Composition:,,,,,, Methane,% mole,86,84,88,, Balance ( 1 ),% mole,—,—,1,ISO 6974, N 2 ,% mole,14,12,16,, Sulphur content,mg/m 3 ( 2 ),—,—,10,ISO 6326-5, Notes: ( 1 ) Inerts (different from N 2 ) + C 2 + C 2+ ( 2 ) Value to be determined at 293,2 K (20 °C) and 101,3 kPa. , Composition:,,,,,, Methane,% mole,100,99,100,ISO 6974, Balance ,% mole,—,—,1,ISO 6974, N 2 ,% mole,,,,ISO 6974, Sulphur content,mg/m 3 ,—,—,10,ISO 6326-5, Wobbe Index (net),MJ/m 3 ,48,2,47,2,49,2,, The engine shall not be required to be tested on a gas blend with a Methane Number (MN) less than 70. In the case that the required range of S λ for G R would result in an MN less than 70 the value of S λ for G R may be adjusted as necessary until a value of MN no less than 70 is attained. , G R ,0,87,0,95, G 20 ,0,97,1,03, G 23 ,1,05,1,10, G 25 ,1,12,1,20, S λ = 2 1 − inert% 100 n + m 4 − O * 2 100 ,(9-1), n = 1 × CH 4 % 100 + 2 × C 2 % 100 + 3 × C 3 % 100 + 4 × C 4 % 100 + 5 × C 5 % 100 + .. 1 − diluent% 100 ,(9-2), m = 4 × CH 4 % 100 + 4 × C 2 H 4 % 100 + 6 × C 2 H 6 % 100 + …8 × C 3 H 8 % 100 + .. 1 − diluent% 100 ,(9- 3), 1 · CH 4 + 2 · O 2 → 1 · CO 2 + 2 · H 2 O ,(9-4), S λ = n O2 n CH 4 n O2 n blend = 2 n O2 blend ,(9-5), L st,fuel = n O2, fuel 0,21 ,(9-6), S λ = n O 2 n CH 4 ∕ 0,21 n O 2 n blend ∕ 0,21 = n O 2 0,21 CH 4 n O 2 0,21 blend = L st,CH 4 L st,blend ,(9-7), ṁ CO2i = ( M CO2 / M stream ) · x CO2i · ṁ streami ,(9-8), M stream = x 1 · M 1 + x 2 · M 2 + … + x n · M n ,(9-9), ṁ CO2i, fuel = ṁ CO2i, a + ṁ CO2i, b + … + ṁ CO2i, n ,(9-10), m CO2,fuel = 1 ƒ × ∑ N i = 1 ṁ CO2,fuel ,(9-11), m CO2, corr = m CO2 – m CO2, fuel ,(9-12), q m CO2,fuel = ṁ CO2,fuel = 1 3600 × N × ∑ N i = 1 ṁ CO2,fuel ,(9-13), q m CO2, corr = q m CO2 – q m CO2, fuel ,(9-14), ṁ CO2, corr = ṁ CO2 – ṁ CO2, fuel ,(9-15), See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , The % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Mode number,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, Speed ,100 %,Intermediate,Idle, Torque (%),100,75,50,10,100,75,50,0, Weighting factor,0,15,0,15,0,15,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,15, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , The % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Mode number,1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Speed ,100 %,Intermediate,Idle, Torque (%),25,100,75,50,25,10,0, Weighting factor,0,06,0,02,0,05,0,32,0,30,0,10,0,15, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the torque corresponding to the rated net power declared by the manufacturer. , Mode number (cycle D2) ,1,2,3,4,5, Speed ,100 %, Torque (%),100,75,50,25,10, Weighting factor,0,05,0,25,0,3,0,3,0,1, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the torque corresponding to the rated net power declared by the manufacturer at the commanded engine speed. , % power is relative to the maximum rated power at the 100 % speed. , Mode number (cycle E2) ,1,2,3,4,,,,,,, Speed ,100 %,Intermediate, Torque (%),100,75,50,25,,,,,,, Weighting factor,0,2,0,5,0,15,0,15,,,,,,, Mode number (cycle E3) ,1,2,3,4, Speed (%),100,91,80,63, Power (%),100,75,50,25, Weighting factor,0,2,0,5,0,15,0,15, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % power at this mode is relative to the power at mode 1. , % power at this mode is relative to the maximum net power at the commanded engine speed. , For engines using a discrete control system (i.e. notch type controls) mode 2 is defined as an operation in the notch closest to mode 2 or 35 % of the rated power. , Mode number,1,2 ,3, Speed ,100 %,Intermediate,Idle, Power (%),100 ,50 ,5 , Weighting factor,0,15,0,25,0,6, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , The % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Mode number (cycle G1),,,,,,1,2,3,4,5,6, Speed ,100 %,Intermediate,Idle, Torque %,,,,,,100,75,50,25,10,0, Weighting factor,,,,,,0,09,0,20,0,29,0,30,0,07,0,05, Mode number (cycle G2),1,2,3,4,5,,,,,,6, Speed ,100 %,Intermediate,Idle, Torque %,100,75,50,25,10,,,,,,0, Weighting factor,0,09,0,20,0,29,0,30,0,07,,,,,,0,05, Mode number (cycle G3),1,,,,,,,,,,2, Speed ,100 %,Intermediate,Idle, Torque %,100,,,,,,,,,,0, Weighting factor,0,85,,,,,,,,,,0,15, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Mode number,1,2,3,4,5, Speed (%),100,85,75,65,Idle, Torque (%),100,51,33,19,0, Weighting factor,0,12,0,27,0,25,0,31,0,05, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting. , 1a Steady-state,126,Idle,0, 1b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,159,Intermediate,100, 2b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,160,Intermediate,50, 3b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 4a Steady-state,162,Intermediate,75, 4b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 5a Steady-state,246,100 %,100, 5b Transition,20,100 %,Linear transition, 6a Steady-state,164,100 %,10, 6b Transition,20,100 %,Linear transition, 7a Steady-state,248,100 %,75, 7b Transition,20,100 %,Linear transition, 8a Steady-state,247,100 %,50, 8b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 9 Steady-state,128,Idle,0, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting. , 1a Steady-state,119,Idle,0, 1b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,29,Intermediate,100, 2b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,150,Intermediate,10, 3b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 4a Steady-state,80,Intermediate,75, 4b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 5a Steady-state,513,Intermediate,25, 5b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 6a Steady-state,549,Intermediate,50, 6b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 7a Steady-state,96,100 %,25, 7b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 8 Steady-state,124,Idle,0, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the torque corresponding to the rated net power declared by the manufacturer. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode. , 1a Steady State,53,100,100, 1b Transition,20,100,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,101,100,10, 2b Transition,20,100,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,277,100,75, 3b Transition,20,100,Linear transition, 4a Steady-state,339,100,25, 4b Transition,20,100,Linear transition, 5 Steady-state,350,100,50, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the maximum torque corresponding to the rated net power declared by the manufacturer at the commanded engine speed. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode. , 1a Steady-state,229,100,100, 1b Transition,20,100,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,166,100,25, 2b Transition,20,100,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,570,100,75, 3b Transition,20,100,Linear transition, 4 Steady-state,175,100,50, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % power is relative to the maximum rated net power at the 100 % speed. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed. , 1a Steady-state,229,100,100, 1b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,166,63,25, 2b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,570,91,75, 3b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 4 Steady-state,175,80,50, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % power at this mode is relative to the net power at mode 3a. , % power at this mode is relative to the maximum net power at the commanded engine speed. , For engines using a discrete control system (i.e. notch type controls) mode 2a is defined as an operation in the notch closest to mode 2a or 35 % of the rated power. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting. , 1a Steady-state,350,Idle,5 , 1b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state ,280,Intermediate,50 , 2b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,160,100 %,100 , 3b Transition,20,Linear Transition,Linear transition, 4 Steady-state,350,Idle,5 , See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , The % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode and simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting. , 1a Steady-state,41,Idle,0, 1b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,135,Intermediate,100, 2b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,112,Intermediate,10, 3b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 4a Steady-state,337,Intermediate,75, 4b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 5a Steady-state,518,Intermediate,25, 5b Transition,20,Intermediate,Linear transition, 6a Steady-state,494,Intermediate,50, 6b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 7 Steady-state,43,Idle,0, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , The % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode and simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting. , 1a Steady-state,41,Idle,0, 1b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,135,100 %,100, 2b Transition,20,100 %,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,112,100 %,10, 3b Transition,20,100 %,Linear transition, 4a Steady-state,337,100 %,75, 4b Transition,20,100 %,Linear transition, 5a Steady-state,518,100 %,25, 5b Transition,20,100 %,Linear transition, 6a Steady-state,494,100 %,50, 6b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 7 Steady-state,43,Idle,0, See sections 5.2.5, 7.6 and 7.7 of Annex VI for determination of required test speeds. , % torque is relative to the maximum torque at the commanded engine speed. , Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase. During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode, and simultaneously command a similar linear progression for engine speed if there is a change in speed setting. , 1a Steady-state,27,Idle,0, 1b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 2a Steady-state,121,100 %,100, 2b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 3a Steady-state,347,65 %,19, 3b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 4a Steady-state,305,85 %,51, 4b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 5a Steady-state,272,75 %,33, 5b Transition,20,Linear transition,Linear transition, 6 Steady-state,28,Idle,0, 1,0,0, 2,0,0, 3,0,0, 4,0,0, 5,0,0, 6,0,0, 7,0,0, 8,0,0, 9,0,0, 10,0,0, 11,0,0, 12,0,0, 13,0,0, 14,0,0, 15,0,0, 16,0,0, 17,0,0, 18,0,0, 19,0,0, 20,0,0, 21,0,0, 22,0,0, 23,0,0, 24,1,3, 25,1,3, 26,1,3, 27,1,3, 28,1,3, 29,1,3, 30,1,6, 31,1,6, 32,2,1, 33,4,13, 34,7,18, 35,9,21, 36,17,20, 37,33,42, 38,57,46, 39,44,33, 40,31,0, 41,22,27, 42,33,43, 43,80,49, 44,105,47, 45,98,70, 46,104,36, 47,104,65, 48,96,71, 49,101,62, 50,102,51, 51,102,50, 52,102,46, 53,102,41, 54,102,31, 55,89,2, 56,82,0, 57,47,1, 58,23,1, 59,1,3, 60,1,8, 61,1,3, 62,1,5, 63,1,6, 64,1,4, 65,1,4, 66,0,6, 67,1,4, 68,9,21, 69,25,56, 70,64,26, 71,60,31, 72,63,20, 73,62,24, 74,64,8, 75,58,44, 76,65,10, 77,65,12, 78,68,23, 79,69,30, 80,71,30, 81,74,15, 82,71,23, 83,73,20, 84,73,21, 85,73,19, 86,70,33, 87,70,34, 88,65,47, 89,66,47, 90,64,53, 91,65,45, 92,66,38, 93,67,49, 94,69,39, 95,69,39, 96,66,42, 97,71,29, 98,75,29, 99,72,23, 100,74,22, 101,75,24, 102,73,30, 103,74,24, 104,77,6, 105,76,12, 106,74,39, 107,72,30, 108,75,22, 109,78,64, 110,102,34, 111,103,28, 112,103,28, 113,103,19, 114,103,32, 115,104,25, 116,103,38, 117,103,39, 118,103,34, 119,102,44, 120,103,38, 121,102,43, 122,103,34, 123,102,41, 124,103,44, 125,103,37, 126,103,27, 127,104,13, 128,104,30, 129,104,19, 130,103,28, 131,104,40, 132,104,32, 133,101,63, 134,102,54, 135,102,52, 136,102,51, 137,103,40, 138,104,34, 139,102,36, 140,104,44, 141,103,44, 142,104,33, 143,102,27, 144,103,26, 145,79,53, 146,51,37, 147,24,23, 148,13,33, 149,19,55, 150,45,30, 151,34,7, 152,14,4, 153,8,16, 154,15,6, 155,39,47, 156,39,4, 157,35,26, 158,27,38, 159,43,40, 160,14,23, 161,10,10, 162,15,33, 163,35,72, 164,60,39, 165,55,31, 166,47,30, 167,16,7, 168,0,6, 169,0,8, 170,0,8, 171,0,2, 172,2,17, 173,10,28, 174,28,31, 175,33,30, 176,36,0, 177,19,10, 178,1,18, 179,0,16, 180,1,3, 181,1,4, 182,1,5, 183,1,6, 184,1,5, 185,1,3, 186,1,4, 187,1,4, 188,1,6, 189,8,18, 190,20,51, 191,49,19, 192,41,13, 193,31,16, 194,28,21, 195,21,17, 196,31,21, 197,21,8, 198,0,14, 199,0,12, 200,3,8, 201,3,22, 202,12,20, 203,14,20, 204,16,17, 205,20,18, 206,27,34, 207,32,33, 208,41,31, 209,43,31, 210,37,33, 211,26,18, 212,18,29, 213,14,51, 214,13,11, 215,12,9, 216,15,33, 217,20,25, 218,25,17, 219,31,29, 220,36,66, 221,66,40, 222,50,13, 223,16,24, 224,26,50, 225,64,23, 226,81,20, 227,83,11, 228,79,23, 229,76,31, 230,68,24, 231,59,33, 232,59,3, 233,25,7, 234,21,10, 235,20,19, 236,4,10, 237,5,7, 238,4,5, 239,4,6, 240,4,6, 241,4,5, 242,7,5, 243,16,28, 244,28,25, 245,52,53, 246,50,8, 247,26,40, 248,48,29, 249,54,39, 250,60,42, 251,48,18, 252,54,51, 253,88,90, 254,103,84, 255,103,85, 256,102,84, 257,58,66, 258,64,97, 259,56,80, 260,51,67, 261,52,96, 262,63,62, 263,71,6, 264,33,16, 265,47,45, 266,43,56, 267,42,27, 268,42,64, 269,75,74, 270,68,96, 271,86,61, 272,66,0, 273,37,0, 274,45,37, 275,68,96, 276,80,97, 277,92,96, 278,90,97, 279,82,96, 280,94,81, 281,90,85, 282,96,65, 283,70,96, 284,55,95, 285,70,96, 286,79,96, 287,81,71, 288,71,60, 289,92,65, 290,82,63, 291,61,47, 292,52,37, 293,24,0, 294,20,7, 295,39,48, 296,39,54, 297,63,58, 298,53,31, 299,51,24, 300,48,40, 301,39,0, 302,35,18, 303,36,16, 304,29,17, 305,28,21, 306,31,15, 307,31,10, 308,43,19, 309,49,63, 310,78,61, 311,78,46, 312,66,65, 313,78,97, 314,84,63, 315,57,26, 316,36,22, 317,20,34, 318,19,8, 319,9,10, 320,5,5, 321,7,11, 322,15,15, 323,12,9, 324,13,27, 325,15,28, 326,16,28, 327,16,31, 328,15,20, 329,17,0, 330,20,34, 331,21,25, 332,20,0, 333,23,25, 334,30,58, 335,63,96, 336,83,60, 337,61,0, 338,26,0, 339,29,44, 340,68,97, 341,80,97, 342,88,97, 343,99,88, 344,102,86, 345,100,82, 346,74,79, 347,57,79, 348,76,97, 349,84,97, 350,86,97, 351,81,98, 352,83,83, 353,65,96, 354,93,72, 355,63,60, 356,72,49, 357,56,27, 358,29,0, 359,18,13, 360,25,11, 361,28,24, 362,34,53, 363,65,83, 364,80,44, 365,77,46, 366,76,50, 367,45,52, 368,61,98, 369,61,69, 370,63,49, 371,32,0, 372,10,8, 373,17,7, 374,16,13, 375,11,6, 376,9,5, 377,9,12, 378,12,46, 379,15,30, 380,26,28, 381,13,9, 382,16,21, 383,24,4, 384,36,43, 385,65,85, 386,78,66, 387,63,39, 388,32,34, 389,46,55, 390,47,42, 391,42,39, 392,27,0, 393,14,5, 394,14,14, 395,24,54, 396,60,90, 397,53,66, 398,70,48, 399,77,93, 400,79,67, 401,46,65, 402,69,98, 403,80,97, 404,74,97, 405,75,98, 406,56,61, 407,42,0, 408,36,32, 409,34,43, 410,68,83, 411,102,48, 412,62,0, 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