CHAPTER 4

CO2 EMISSIONS AND FUEL CONSUMPTION RELATED PROPERTIES OF COMPONENTS, SEPARATE TECHNICAL UNITS AND SYSTEMS

Components, separate technical units and systems relevant for the purposes of determining CO2 emissions and fuel consumption
Article 12
1
The simulation tool input data referred to in Article 5(3) shall include information relating to the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the following components, separate technical units and systems:
a
engines;
b
transmissions;
c
torque converters;
d
other torque transferring components;
e
additional driveline components;
f
axles;
g
body or trailer air drag;
h
auxiliaries;
i
tyres.
2
The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units and systems referred to in points (b) to (g) and (i) of paragraph 1 shall be based either on the values determined, for each component family, separate technical unit family or system family, in accordance with Article 14 and certified in accordance with Article 17 (‘certified values’) or, in the absence of the certified values, on the standard values determined in accordance with Article 13.
3
The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of engines shall be based on the values determined for each engine family in accordance with Article 14 and certified in accordance with Article 17.
4
The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of auxiliaries shall be based on the standard values determined in accordance with Article 13.
5
In the case of a base vehicle referred to in Article 2(2), the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems referred to in points (g) and (h) of paragraph 1 which cannot be determined for the base vehicle shall be based on the standard values. For components, separate technical units and systems referred to in point (h), the technology with highest power losses shall be selected by the vehicle manufacturer.
6
In the case of ZE-HDVs, He-HDVs and dual-fuel vehicles, the simulation tool input data shall include the information set out in Table 5 of Annex III.
7
Where the vehicle is to be registered, sold or put into service with snow tyres and standard tyres, the vehicle manufacturer may choose which of the tyres to use for determining the CO
2
emissions.
8
A manufacturer may choose to comply with paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 by submitting values determined in accordance with Articles 13 and 14, and certified in accordance with Article 17, of Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 as it applies in EU law ....

Standard values
Article 13
1
The standard values for transmissions shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 8 of Annex VI.
2
The standard values for torque converters shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 9 of Annex VI.
3
The standard values for other torque-transferring components shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 10 of Annex VI.
4
The standard values for additional driveline components shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 11 of Annex VI.
5
The standard values for axles shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 3 of Annex VII.
6
The standard values for a body or trailer air drag shall be determined in accordance with Appendix 7 of Annex VIII.
7
The standard values for auxiliaries shall be determined in accordance with Annex IX.
8
The standard value for tyres shall be the one for C3 snow tyres as set out in Table 2 of Part B of Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council .

Certified values
Article 14
1
The values determined in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 9 may be used by the vehicle manufacturer as the simulation tool input data if they are certified in accordance with Article 17.
2
The certified values for engines shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex V.
3
The certified values for transmissions shall be determined in accordance with point 3 of Annex VI.
4
The certified values for torque converters shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex VI.
5
The certified values for other torque-transferring component shall be determined in accordance with point 5 of Annex VI.
6
The certified values for additional driveline components shall be determined in accordance with point 6 of Annex VI.
7
The certified values for axles shall be determined in accordance with point 4 of Annex VII.
8
The certified values for a body or trailer air drag shall be determined in accordance with point 3 of Annex VIII.
9
The certified values for tyres shall be determined in accordance with Annex X.

Family concept regarding components, separate technical units and systems using certified values
Article 15
1
Subject to paragraphs 3 to 6, the certified values determined for a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system shall be valid, without further testing, for all family members in accordance with the family definition as set out in:
- Appendix 6 to Annex VI as regards the family concept of transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;
- Appendix 4 to Annex VII as regards the family concept of axles;
- Appendix 5 to Annex VIII as regards the family concept for the purposes of determining air drag.
2
Notwithstanding paragraph 1, for engines, the certified values for all the members of an engine family created in accordance with the family definition as set out in Appendix 3 to Annex V, shall be derived in accordance with paragraph 4, 5 and 6 of Annex V.
For tyres, a family shall consist of one tyre type only.
3
The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system shall not be better than the properties of any member of the same family.
4
The manufacturer shall provide the approval authority with evidence that the parent component, separate technical units or system fully represents the component family, separate technical unit family or system family.
If, in the framework of testing for the purposes of the second subparagraph of Article 16(3), the approval authority determines that the selected parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system does not fully represent the component family, separate technical unit family or system family, an alternative reference component, separate technical units or system may be selected by the approval authority, tested and shall become a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system.
5
Upon request of the manufacturer, and subject to the agreement by the approval authority, the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of a specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system other than a parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, may be indicated in the certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family.
The CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of that specific component, separate technical unit or system shall be determined in accordance with Article 14.
6
Where the characteristics of the specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system, in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties as determined in accordance with paragraph 5, lead to higher CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values than those of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, the manufacturer shall exclude it from the existing family, assign it to a new family and define it as the new parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system for that family or apply for an extension of the certification pursuant to Article 18.

Application for a certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units or systems
Article 16
1
The application for certification of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family shall be submitted to the approval authority.
2
The application for certification shall take the form of an information document drawn up in accordance with the model set out in:
- Appendix 2 to Annex V as regards engines;
- Appendix 2 to Annex VI as regards transmissions;
- Appendix 3 to Annex VI as regards torque converters;
- Appendix 4 to Annex VI as regards other torque transferring component;
- Appendix 5 to Annex VI as regards additional driveline components;
- Appendix 2 to Annex VII as regards axles;
- Appendix 2 to Annex VIII as regards air drag;
- Appendix 2 to Annex X as regards tyres.
3
The application for certification shall be accompanied by an explanation of the elements of design of the component family, separate technical unit family or the system family concerned which have a non-negligible effect on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units or systems concerned.
The application shall also be accompanied by the relevant test reports issued by the approval authority, test results, and by a statement of compliance issued by the approval authority pursuant to point 2 of Annex IV of Regulation (EU) 2018/858.

Administrative provisions for the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems
Article 17
1
If all the applicable requirements are met, the approval authority shall certify the values relating to the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the component family, separate technical unit family or system family concerned.
2
In the case referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority shall issue a certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties using the model set out in:
- Appendix 1 to Annex V as regards engines;
- Appendix 1 to Annex VI as regards transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;
- Appendix 1 to Annex VII as regards axles;
- Appendix 1 to Annex VIII as regards air drag;
- Appendix 1 to Annex X as regards tyres.
3
The approval authority shall grant a certification number in accordance with the numbering system set out in:
- Appendix 6 to Annex V as regards engines;
- Appendix 7 to Annex VI as regards transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;
- Appendix 5 to Annex VII as regards axles;
- Appendix 8 to Annex VIII as regards air drag;
- Appendix 1 to Annex X as regards tyres.
The approval authority shall not assign the same number to another component family, separate technical unit family or system family. The certification number shall be used as the identifier of the test report.
4
The approval authority shall create a cryptographic hash of the file with test results, comprising the certification number, by means of the hashing tool referred to in Article 5(5). This hashing shall be done immediately after the test results are produced. The approval authority shall imprint that hash along with the certification number on the certificate on CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties.

Extension to include a new component, separate technical unit or system into a component family, separate technical unit family or system family
Article 18
1
At the request of the manufacturer and upon approval of the approval authority, a new component, separate technical unit or system may be included as a member of a certified component family, separate technical unit family or system family if they meet the criteria for family definition set out in:
- Appendix 3 to Annex V as regards the family concept of engines;
- Appendix 6 to Annex VI as regards the family concept of transmissions, torque converters, other torque transferring component and additional driveline components;
- Appendix 4 to Annex VII as regards the family concept of axles;
- Appendix 5 to Annex VIII as regards the family concept for the purposes of determining air drag.
In such cases, the approval authority shall issue a revised certificate denoted by an extension number.
The manufacturer shall modify the information document referred to in Article 16(2) and provide it to the approval authority.
2
Where the characteristics of the specific component, specific separate technical unit or specific system, in terms of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties as determined in accordance with paragraph 1, lead to higher CO2 emissions and fuel consumption values than those of the parent component, parent separate technical unit or parent system, respectively, the new component, separate technical unit or system shall become the new parent component, separate technical unit or system.

Subsequent changes relevant for the certification of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of components, separate technical units and systems
Article 19
1
The manufacturer shall notify the approval authority of any changes to the design or the manufacturing process of components, separate technical units or systems concerned which occur after the certification of the values relating to the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the relevant component family, separate technical unit family or system family pursuant to Article 12(8) or Article 17 and which may have a non-negligible effect on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of those components, separate technical units and systems.
2
Upon receipt of the notification referred to in paragraph 1, the approval authority shall inform the manufacturer whether or not the components, separate technical units or systems affected by the changes continue to be covered by the certificate issued, or whether additional testing in accordance with Article 14 is necessary in order to verify the impact of the changes on the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption related properties of the components, separate technical units or systems concerned.
3
Where the components, separate technical units or systems affected by the changes are not covered by the certificate, the manufacturer shall, within one month of receipt of that information from the approval authority, apply for a new certification or an extension pursuant to Article 18. If the manufacturer does not apply for a new certification or an extension within that deadline, or if the application is rejected, the certificate shall be withdrawn.
Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of
13 July 2009
concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate technical units intended therefor (
OJ L 200, 31.7.2009, p. 1
).
Substituted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/318 of 19 February 2019 amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 and Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles (Text with EEA relevance).
Inserted by Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/318 of 19 February 2019 amending Regulation (EU) 2017/2400 and Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles (Text with EEA relevance).
Art. 12(8) inserted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 82(10)
Words in Art. 16(3) substituted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 82(11)(a)
Words in Art. 16(3) substituted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 82(11)(b)
Words in Art. 19(1) inserted (31.12.2022 at 11.00 p.m.) by The Road Vehicles and Non-Road Mobile Machinery (Type-Approval) (Amendment and Transitional Provisions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2022 (S.I. 2022/1273), regs. 1(2), 82(12)
Words in Art. 12(8) omitted (3.7.2025) by virtue of The Road Vehicles (Type-Approval) (Amendment) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025/661), regs. 1(2), 7(2)