Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1915

of 19 October 2017

prohibiting the introduction into the Union of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora (repealed)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein1, and in particular Article 4(6) thereof,

Whereas:

(1)
The purpose of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is to protect species of wild fauna and flora and to guarantee their conservation by regulating trade in animal and plant species listed in its Annexes. The species listed in the Annexes include the species set out in the Appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora signed in 19732 (the Convention) as well as species whose conservation status requires that trade from, into and within the Union be regulated or monitored.
(2)

Article 4(6) of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 provides that the Commission may establish restrictions to the introduction of specimens of certain species into the Union in accordance with the conditions laid down in points (a) to (d) thereof.

(3)On the basis of recent information, the Scientific Review Group established pursuant to Article 17 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 has concluded that the conservation status of certain species listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 would be seriously jeopardised if their introduction into the Union from certain countries of origin is not prohibited. The introduction into the Union of specimens of the following species should therefore be prohibited:

  • Macaca fascicularis from Laos;

  • Kinyongia fischeri and Kinyongia tavetana from Tanzania;

  • Trioceros quadricornis from Cameroon;

  • Hippocampus algiricus from Guinea and Senegal;

  • Ornithoptera priamus from Solomon Islands (wild and ranched specimens)

  • Pandinus imperator (ranched specimens) from Ghana;

  • Phelsuma borai, Phelsuma gouldi, Phelsuma hoeschi and Phelsuma ravenala from Madagascar.

(4)The Scientific Review Group has also concluded that, on the basis of the most recent available information, the prohibition of the introduction into the Union of certain species listed in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 should no longer be required for specimens of the following species:

Falco cherrug from Bahrain.

(5)The Scientific Review Group has also concluded that, on the basis of the most recent available information, the prohibition of the introduction into the Union of certain species listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 should no longer be required for specimens of the following species:

  • Saiga borealis, Cypripedium macranthos, Orchis coriophora, Orchis pallens and Orchis ustulata from Russia;

  • Hexaprotodon liberiensis, Cercopithecus pogonias, Cercopithecus preussi, Lophocebus albigena, Euoticus pallidus and Arctocebus calabarensis from Nigeria;

  • Profelis aurata, Cercopithecus mona, Cercopithecus petaurista, Perodicticus potto and Chamaeleo gracilis (wild and ranched specimens (with snout to vent length greater than 8 cm)) from Togo;

  • Hydrictis maculicollis from Tanzania;

  • Zaglossus bartoni from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea;

  • Zaglossus bruijni from Indonesia;

  • Alouatta guariba from Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil;

  • Ateles belzebuth from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela;

  • Ateles fusciceps from Colombia, Ecuador and Panama;

  • Ateles geoffroyi from Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Panama;

  • Ateles hybridus, Lagothrix lugens and Podocnemis lewyana from Colombia and Venezuela;

  • Lagothrix lagotricha from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru;

  • Lagothrix poeppigii from Brazil, Ecuador and Peru;

  • Cercopithecus erythrogaster from Benin and Nigeria;

  • Cercopithecus erythrotis from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria;

  • Cercopithecus hamlyni from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Uganda;

  • Colobus vellerosus from Nigeria and Togo;

  • Macaca cyclopis from Japan and Taiwan (POC);

  • Piliocolobus badius from Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Senegal and Sierra Leone;

  • Galago matschiei and Balearica regulorum from Rwanda;

  • Pithecia pithecia and Paleosuchus trigonatus from Guyana;

  • Gyps bengalensis from Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand and Viet Nam;

  • Gyps indicus from Pakistan;

  • Gyps tenuirostris from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam;

  • Leucopternis lacernulatus and Aratinga auricapillus from Brazil;

  • Bugeranus carunculatus from South Africa;

  • Charmosyna diadema, Hippopus hippopus, Tridacna maxima and Tridacna squamosa from New Caledonia;

  • Agapornis nigrigenis from Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe;

  • Hapalopsittaca amazonina from Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela;

  • Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops from Ecuador and Peru;

  • Leptosittaca branickii from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru;

  • Poicephalus gulielmi from Côte d'Ivoire;

  • Poicephalus robustus from Nigeria and Uganda;

  • Psittrichas fulgidus from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea;

  • Uromastyx dispar and Ophrys pallida from Algeria;

  • Calumma ambreense, Calumma capuroni, Calumma cucullatum, Calumma furcifer, Calumma guibei, Calumma hilleniusi, Calumma linota, Calumma peyrierasi, Calumma tarzan, Calumma tsaratananense, Calumma vatosoa, Furcifer angeli, Furcifer balteatus, Furcifer belalandaensis, Furcifer monoceras, Furcifer nicosiai, Furcifer tuzetae, Phelsuma abbotti, Phelsuma antanosy, Phelsuma barbouri, Phelsuma berghofi, Phelsuma flavigularis, Phelsuma guttata, Phelsuma hielscheri, Phelsuma klemmeri, Phelsuma malamakibo, Phelsuma masohoala, Phelsuma modesta, Phelsuma mutabilis, Phelsuma pronki, Phelsuma pusilla, Phelsuma seippi, Phelsuma serraticauda, Uroplatus ebenaui, Uroplatus fimbriatus, Uroplatus guentheri, Uroplatus henkeli, Uroplatus lineatus, Uroplatus malama, Uroplatus phantasticus, Uroplatus pietschmanni, Uroplatus sameiti, Uroplatus sikorae, Mantella bernhardi, Mantella expectata and Mantella milotympanum from Madagascar;

  • Trioceros eisentrauti from Cameroon;

  • Phelsuma comorensis, Phelsuma laticauda and Phelsuma v-nigra from Comoros;

  • Phelsuma dubia from Comoros and Madagascar;

  • Boa constrictor from Honduras;

  • Python natalensis (ranched specimens) and Stigmochelys pardalis from Mozambique;

  • Python reticulatus from Malaysia (Peninsular);

  • Python sebae from Mauritania;

  • Batagur borneoensis from Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand;

  • Gopherus agassizii from the United States;

  • Gopherus berlandieri from Mexico and the United States;

  • Tridacna derasa from New Caledonia and Philippines;

  • Galanthus nivalis from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland and Ukraine;

  • Anacamptis pyramidalis, Barlia robertiana, Dactylorhiza romana, Ophrys holoserica, Ophrys tenthredinifera, Ophrys umbilicata, Orchis italica, Orchis morio, Orchis punctulata, Orchis purpurea, Orchis tridentata, Serapias cordigera, Serapias parviflora, Serapias vomeracea, Cyclamen intaminatum, Cyclamen mirabile, Cyclamen pseudibericum and Cyclamen trochopteranthum from Turkey;

  • Cypripedium japonicum from Japan and North Korea;

  • Cypripedium margaritaceum from China;

  • Euphorbia guillauminiana, Pachypodium inopinatum, Pachypodium rosulatum and Pachypodium sofiense from Madagascar

  • Orchis mascula (wild and ranched specimens) from Albania;

  • Orchis simia from Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey.

(6)The species Chitra chitra, Manis temminckii, Manis tricuspis, Macaca sylvanus, Psittacus erithacus and Psittacus erithacus timneh have recently been included in Appendix I to the Convention as well as in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97. The prohibition of the introduction into the Union for specimens of these species formerly listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is therefore no longer required:

  • Chitra chitra from Malaysia,

  • Manis temminckii from the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

  • Manis tricuspis fom Guinea;

  • Macaca sylvanus from Algeria and Morocco;

  • Psittacus erithacus from Benin, Equatorial Guinea, Liberia and Nigeria

  • Psittacus erithacus timneh from Guinea and Guinea-Bissau.

(7)The species Trachemys scripta elegans, Callosciurus erythraeus, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger, Oxyura jamaicensis and Lithobates catesbeianus have been removed from the Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97. The prohibition of the introduction into the Union for specimens of these species formerly listed in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 is therefore no longer required:

Trachemys scripta elegans, Callosciurus erythraeus, Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger, Oxyura jamaicensis and Lithobates catesbeianus from all countries of origin.

(8)

The countries of origin of the species which are subject to new restrictions to the introduction into the Union have all been consulted bilaterally or through the multilateral processes under the Convention.

(9)

At the 17th Conference of the Parties to the Convention, new nomenclatural references (splitting/lumping/renaming of taxa) for animals were adopted and should be reflected accordingly in Union legislation. These changes concern the species Poicephalus robustus/fuscicollis, Calumma linota/linotum, Cordylus/Smaug mossambicus, Cuora bourreti/galbinifrons/picturata, Geochelone/Centrochelys sulcata, Kinixys belliana/nogueyi/zombensis, Pandinus imperator/roesli, Tridacna maxima/noae, Trioceros quadricornis/eisentrauti as well as the class name Actinopteri.

(10)
The list of species for which the introduction into the Union is prohibited should therefore be updated and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/7363 should, for reasons of clarity, be replaced.
(11)

The Scientific Review Group has been consulted on this Regulation.

(12)
Applications for import permits for specimens of species for which import is restricted pursuant to Article 4(6) of Regulation (EC) No 338/97 shall be treated by Member States in accordance with Article 71 of Commission Regulation (EC) No 865/20064.
(13)

The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Committee on Trade in Wild Fauna and Flora established pursuant to Article 18 of Regulation (EC) No 338/97,

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:

Article 1

The introduction into the Union of specimens of the species of wild fauna and flora set out in the Annex to this Regulation from the countries of origin indicated therein is prohibited.

Article 2

Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/736 is repealed.

References to the repealed Implementing Regulation shall be construed as references to this Regulation.

Article 3

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels, 19 October 2017.

For the Commission

The President

Jean-Claude Juncker

ANNEX

I.Specimens of species included in Annex A to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 whose introduction into the Union is prohibited

Species

Source(s) covered

Specimen(s) covered

Countries of origin

Basis in Article 4(6), Point:

FAUNA

CHORDATA

MAMMALIA

ARTIODACTYLA

Bovidae

Capra falconeri

Wild

Hunting trophies

Uzbekistan

(a)

CARNIVORA

Canidae

Canis lupus

Wild

Hunting trophies

Belarus, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkey

(a)

Ursidae

Ursus arctos

Wild

Hunting trophies

Canada (British Columbia), Kazakhstan

(a)

Ursus thibetanus

Wild

Hunting trophies

Russia

(a)

PROBOSCIDEA

Elephantidae

Loxodonta africana

Wild

Hunting trophies

Cameroon

(a)

II.Specimens of species included in Annex B to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 whose introduction into the Union is prohibited

Species

Source(s) covered

Specimen(s) covered

Countries of origin

Basis in Article 4(6), Point:

FAUNA

CHORDATA

MAMMALIA

ARTIODACTYLA

Bovidae

Ovis vignei bochariensis

Wild

All

Uzbekistan

(b)

Cervidae

Cervus elaphus bactrianus

Wild

All

Uzbekistan

(b)

Hippopotamidae

Hippopotamus amphibius

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Moschidae

Moschus moschiferus

Wild

All

Russia

(b)

CARNIVORA

Eupleridae

Cryptoprocta ferox

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Felidae

Panthera leo

Wild

All

Ethiopia

(b)

Profelis aurata

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Odobenidae

Odobenus rosmarus

Wild

All

Greenland

(b)

PRIMATES

Cercopithecidae

Cercopithecus dryas

Wild

All

Democratic Republic of the Congo

(b)

Macaca fascicularis

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Piliocolobus badius (synonym Colobus badius)

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Pitheciidae

Chiropotes chiropotes

Wild

All

Guyana

(b)

AVES

CICONIIFORMES

Balaenicipitidae

Balaeniceps rex

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

FALCONIFORMES

Accipitridae

Accipiter erythropus

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Accipiter melanoleucus

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Accipiter ovampensis

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Aquila rapax

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Aviceda cuculoides

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Gyps africanus

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Gyps bengalensis

Wild

All

Afghanistan, India

(b)

Gyps indicus

Wild

All

Afghanistan, India

(b)

Gyps rueppellii

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Gyps tenuirostris

Wild

All

India

(b)

Hieraaetus ayresii

Wild

All

Cameroon, Guinea, Togo

(b)

Hieraaetus spilogaster

Wild

All

Guinea, Togo

(b)

Lophaetus occipitalis

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Macheiramphus alcinus

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Polemaetus bellicosus

Wild

All

Cameroon, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo

(b)

Spizaetus africanus

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Stephanoaetus coronatus

Wild

All

Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo

(b)

Terathopius ecaudatus

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Torgos tracheliotus

Wild

All

Cameroon, Sudan, Tanzania

(b)

Trigonoceps occipitalis

Wild

All

Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea

(b)

Urotriorchis macrourus

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Falconidae

Falco chicquera

Wild

All

Guinea, Togo

(b)

Sagittariidae

Sagittarius serpentarius

Wild

All

Cameroon, Guinea, Tanzania, Togo

(b)

GRUIFORMES

Gruidae

Balearica pavonina

Wild

All

Guinea, Mali, South Sudan, Sudan

(b)

Balearica regulorum

Wild

All

Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

(b)

Bugeranus carunculatus

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

PSITTACIFORMES

Psittacidae

Agapornis fischeri

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Agapornis pullarius

Wild

All

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Togo

(b)

Coracopsis vasa

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Deroptyus accipitrinus

Wild

All

Suriname

(b)

Poicephalus fuscicollis

Wild

All

Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Mali, Togo

(b)

Poicephalus gulielmi

Wild

All

Cameroon, Congo, Guinea

(b)

Pyrrhura caeruleiceps

Wild

All

Colombia

(b)

Pyrrhura pfrimeri

Wild

All

Brazil

(b)

Pyrrhura subandina

Wild

All

Colombia

(b)

STRIGIFORMES

Strigidae

Asio capensis

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Bubo lacteus

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Bubo poensis

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Glaucidium capense

Wild

All

Rwanda

(b)

Glaucidium perlatum

Wild

All

Cameroon, Guinea

(b)

Ptilopsis leucotis

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

Scotopelia bouvieri

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Scotopelia peli

Wild

All

Guinea

(b)

REPTILIA

SAURIA

Agamidae

Uromastyx dispar

Wild

All

Mali, Sudan

(b)

Uromastyx geyri

Wild

All

Mali, Niger

(b)

Chamaeleonidae

Brookesia decaryi

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Chamaeleo africanus

Wild

All

Niger

(b)

Chamaeleo gracilis

Wild

All

Benin, Ghana

(b)

Ranched

All

Benin

(b)

Chamaeleo senegalensis

Wild

All

Benin, Ghana, Togo

(b)

Ranched

Snout to vent length greater than 6 cm

Benin, Togo

(b)

Furcifer labordi

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Kinyongia fischeri

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Kinyongia tavetana

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Trioceros camerunensis

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Trioceros deremensis

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Trioceros feae

Wild

All

Equatorial Guinea

(b)

Trioceros fuelleborni

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Trioceros montium

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Trioceros perreti

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Trioceros quadricornis

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Trioceros serratus

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Trioceros werneri

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Trioceros wiedersheimi

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Cordylidae

Cordylus rhodesianus

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Cordylus tropidosternum

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Cordylus vittifer

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Smaug mossambicus

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Gekkonidae

Phelsuma borai

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Phelsuma breviceps

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Phelsuma gouldi

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Phelsuma hoeschi

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Phelsuma ravenalla

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Phelsuma standingi

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Scincidae

Corucia zebrata

Wild

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

Varanidae

Varanus albigularis

Wild

All

Tanzania

(b)

Varanus beccarii

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Varanus dumerilii

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Varanus exanthematicus

Wild

All

Benin, Togo

(b)

Ranched

Greater than 35 cm total length

Benin, Togo

(b)

Varanus jobiensis (synonym V. karlschmidti)

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Varanus niloticus

Wild

All

Benin, Togo

(b)

Ranched

Greater than 35 cm total length

Benin

(b)

Ranched

All

Togo

(b)

Varanus ornatus

Wild

All

Togo

(b)

Ranched

All

Togo

(b)

Varanus salvadorii

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Varanus spinulosus

Wild

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

SERPENTES

Boidae

Calabaria reinhardtii

Wild

All

Togo

(b)

Ranched

All

Benin, Togo

(b)

Candoia carinata

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Colubridae

Elapidae

Naja atra

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Naja kaouthia

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Naja siamensis

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Pythonidae

Liasis fuscus

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Morelia boeleni

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Python bivittatus

Wild

All

China

(b)

Python molurus

Wild

All

China

(b)

Python regius

Wild

All

Benin, Guinea

(b)

TESTUDINES

Emydidae

Chrysemys picta

All

Live

All

(d)

Geoemydidae

Cuora amboinensis

Wild

All

Indonesia, Malaysia

(b)

Cuora bourreti

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Cuora galbinifrons

Wild

All

China, Laos

(b)

Heosemys annandalii

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Heosemys grandis

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Heosemys spinosa

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Leucocephalon yuwonoi

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Malayemys subtrijuga

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Notochelys platynota

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Siebenrockiella crassicollis

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Podocnemididae

Erymnochelys madagascariensis

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Peltocephalus dumerilianus

Wild

All

Guyana

(b)

Podocnemis unifilis

Wild

All

Suriname

(b)

Testudinidae

Centrochelys sulcata

Ranched

All

Benin, Togo

(b)

Indotestudo forstenii

Wild

All

All

(b)

Indotestudo travancorica

Wild

All

All

(b)

Kinixys erosa

Wild

All

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Togo

(b)

Kinixys homeana

Wild

All

Benin, Ghana, Togo

(b)

Ranched

All

Benin

(b)

Ranched

Greater than 8 cm straight carapace length

Togo

(b)

Kinixys nogueyi

Wild

All

Benin, Ghana

(b)

Ranched

Greater than 5 cm straight carapace length

Benin

(b)

Kinixys spekii

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Kinixys zombensis

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Manouria emys

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Manouria impressa

Wild

All

Vietnam

(b)

Stigmochelys pardalis

Wild

All

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda

(b)

Testudo horsfieldii

Wild

All

Kazakhstan

(b)

Trionychidae

Amyda cartilaginea

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Pelochelys cantorii

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

AMPHIBIA

ANURA

Conrauidae

Conraua goliath

Wild

All

Cameroon

(b)

Dendrobatidae

Hyloxalus azureiventris

Wild

All

Peru

(b)

Ranitomeya variabilis

Wild

All

Peru

(b)

Ranitomeya ventrimaculata

Wild

All

Peru

(b)

Mantellidae

Mantella aurantiaca

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Mantella cowani

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Mantella crocea

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Mantella pulchra

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Mantella viridis

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Microhylidae

Scaphiophryne gottlebei

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

ACTINOPTERI

PERCIFORMES

Labridae

Cheilinus undulatus

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

SYNGNATHIFORMES

Syngnathidae

Hippocampus algiricus

Wild

All

Guinea, Senegal

(b)

Hippocampus barbouri

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Hippocampus comes

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Hippocampus erectus

Wild

All

Brazil

(b)

Hippocampus histrix

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Hippocampus kelloggi

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Hippocampus kuda

Wild

All

China, Indonesia, Vietnam

(b)

Hippocampus spinosissimus

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

ARTHROPODA

ARACHNIDA

SCORPIONES

Scorpionidae

Pandinus imperator

Wild

All

Benin, Ghana, Togo

(b)

Ranched

All

Benin, Ghana, Togo

(b)

Pandinus roeseli

Wild

All

Benin, Ghana, Togo

(b)

Ranched

All

Benin, Ghana, Togo

(b)

INSECTA

LEPIDOPTERA

Papilionidae

Ornithoptera croesus

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Ornithoptera priamus

Wild

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

Ornithoptera priamus

Ranched

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

Ornithoptera victoriae

Wild

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

Ranched

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

MOLLUSCA

BIVALVIA

VENEROIDA

Tridacnidae

Hippopus hippopus

Wild

All

Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam

(b)

Tridacna crocea

Wild

All

Cambodia, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam

(b)

Tridacna derasa

Wild

All

Fiji, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam

(b)

Tridacna gigas

Wild

All

Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vietnam

(b)

Tridacna maxima

Wild

All

Cambodia, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam

(b)

Tridacna noae

Wild

All

Fiji, Micronesia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu

Tridacna rosewateri

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Tridacna squamosa

Wild

All

Cambodia, Fiji, Mozambique, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam

(b)

Tridacna tevoroa

Wild

All

Tonga

(b)

GASTROPODA

MESOGASTROPODA

Strombidae

Strombus gigas

Wild

All

Grenada, Haiti

(b)

CNIDARIA

ANTHOZOA

HELIOPORACEA

Helioporidae

Heliopora coerulea

Wild

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

SCLERACTINIA

Scleractinia spp.

Wild

All

Ghana

(b)

Agariciidae

Agaricia agaricites

Wild

All

Haiti

(b)

Caryophylliidae

Catalaphyllia jardinei

Wild

All

Solomon Islands

(b)

Euphyllia divisa

Wild

Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Euphyllia fimbriata

Wild

Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Euphyllia paraancora

Wild

Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Euphyllia paradivisa

Wild

Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Euphyllia yaeyamaensis

Wild

Live corals except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Plerogyra discus

Wild

All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Plerogyra simplex (Plerogyra taisnei)

Wild

All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Faviidae

Favites halicora

Wild

All

Tonga

(b)

Platygyra sinensis

Wild

All

Tonga

(b)

Mussidae

Acanthastrea hemprichii

Wild

All

Tonga

(b)

Blastomussa merleti

Wild

All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Cynarina lacrymalis

Wild

All except maricultured specimens attached to artificial substrates

Indonesia

(b)

Scolymia spp.

Wild

All

Tonga

(b)

Pocilloporidae

Seriatopora stellata

Wild

All

Indonesia

(b)

Trachyphylliidae

Trachyphyllia geoffroyi

Wild

All

Fiji

(b)

FLORA

Cycadaceae

Cycadaceae spp.

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia ankarensis

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia banae

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia berorohae

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia bongolavensis

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia bulbispina

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia duranii

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia fianarantsoae

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia iharanae

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia kondoi

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia labatii

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia lophogona

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia millotii

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia neohumbertii

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia pachypodioides

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia razafindratsirae

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia suzannae-marnierae

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Euphorbia waringiae

Wild

All

Madagascar

(b)

Orchidaceae

Cypripedium japonicum

Wild

All

China, South Korea

(b)

Cypripedium macranthos

Wild

All

South Korea,

(b)

Cypripedium micranthum

Wild

All

China

(b)

Dendrobium bellatulum

Wild

All

Vietnam

(b)

Dendrobium nobile

Wild

All

Laos

(b)

Dendrobium wardianum

Wild

All

Vietnam

(b)

Myrmecophila tibicinis

Wild

All

Belize

(b)

Phalaenopsis parishii

Wild

All

Vietnam

(b)

Stangeriaceae

Stangeriaceae spp.

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)

Zamiaceae

Zamiaceae spp.

Wild

All

Mozambique

(b)