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Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilShow full title
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance)
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Changes over time for: CHAPTER IX
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CHAPTER IXU.K.Provisions relating to [F1other] specific processing situations
Article 85U.K.Processing and freedom of expression and information
F21.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.For processing carried out for journalistic purposes or the purpose of academic artistic or literary expression, [F3the Secretary of State may] provide for exemptions or derogations from Chapter II (principles), Chapter III (rights of the data subject), Chapter IV (controller and processor), Chapter V (transfer of personal data to third countries or international organisations), Chapter VI ([F4the [F5Commission]]) F6... and Chapter IX (specific data processing situations) if they are necessary to reconcile F7... the protection of personal data with the freedom of expression and information.
[F82A.The Secretary of State may exercise the power under paragraph 2 of this Article only by making regulations under section 16 of the 2018 Act.]
F93.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F2Art. 85(1) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 64(2) (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F3Words in Art. 85(2) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 64(3)(a) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F4Words in Art. 85(2) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 64(3)(b) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F5Word in Art. 85(2) substituted (30.9.2026) by The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 (S.I. 2026/386), reg. 1(2), Sch. 3 para. 41(3)(4)(z8); S.I. 2026/1015, reg. 2(c)
F6Words in Art. 85(2) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 64(3)(c) (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F7Words in Art. 85(2) omitted (31.12.2023 immediately before the end of 2023) by virtue of The Data Protection (Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) (Amendment) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/1417), regs. 1(2), 2(7)
F8Art. 85(2A) inserted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 64(4) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F9Art. 85(3) omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 64(5) (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Article 86U.K.Processing and public access to official documents
[F101.] Personal data in official documents held by a public authority or a public body or a private body for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest may be disclosed by the authority or body in accordance with [F11domestic law] to which the public authority or body is subject in order to reconcile public access to official documents with F12... the protection of personal data pursuant to this Regulation.
[F132.Chapter 3 of Part 2 of the 2018 Act makes provision about the application of this Regulation to the manual unstructured processing of personal data held by an FOI public authority (as defined in Article 2).]
Textual Amendments
F10Art. 86 renumbered as Art. 86(1) (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 65(2) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F11Words in Art. 86(1) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 65(3) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F12Words in Art. 86(1) omitted (31.12.2023 immediately before the end of 2023) by virtue of The Data Protection (Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) (Amendment) Regulations 2023 (S.I. 2023/1417), regs. 1(2), 2(8)
F13Art. 86(2) inserted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 65(4) (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
[F14Article 86AU.K.Processing and national security and defence
Chapter 3 of Part 2 of the 2018 Act makes provision about the application of this Regulation where processing is carried out, or exemption from a provision of this Regulation is required, for the purposes of safeguarding national security or for defence purposes.]
Textual Amendments
F14Art. 86A inserted (31.12.2020) by The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 66 (with reg. 5); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F15Article 87U.K.Processing of the national identification number
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F15Art. 87 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 67 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F16Article 88U.K.Processing in the context of employment
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F16Art. 88 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 68 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F17Article 89U.K.Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F17Art. 89 omitted (5.2.2026) by virtue of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 86(4), 142(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(n)
F18Article 90U.K.Obligations of secrecy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F18Art. 90 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 70 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
F19Article 91U.K.Existing data protection rules of churches and religious associations
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textual Amendments
F19Art. 91 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/419), reg. 1(2), Sch. 1 para. 71 (with reg. 5, Sch. 1 para. 80); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Textual Amendments
F1Word in Ch. 9 heading inserted (5.2.2026) by Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), ss. 86(3), 142(1); S.I. 2026/82, reg. 2(n)
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