CHAPTER V

Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations

The data protection test
Article 45B
1
For the purposes of Article 45A, the data protection test is met in relation to transfers of personal data to a third country or international organisation if the standard of the protection provided for data subjects with regard to general processing of personal data in the country or by the organisation is not materially lower than the standard of the protection provided for data subjects by or under—
a
this Regulation,
b
Part 2 of the 2018 Act, and
c
Parts 5 to 7 of that Act, so far as relevant to general processing.
2
In considering whether the data protection test is met in relation to transfers of personal data to a third country or international organisation, the Secretary of State must consider, among other things—
a
respect for the rule of law and for human rights in the country or by the organisation,
b
the existence, and powers, of an authority responsible for enforcing the protection of data subjects with regard to the processing of personal data in the country or by the organisation,
c
arrangements for judicial or non-judicial redress for data subjects in connection with such processing,
d
rules about the transfer of personal data from the country or by the organisation to other countries or international organisations,
e
relevant international obligations of the country or organisation, and
f
the constitution, traditions and culture of the country or organisation.
3
In paragraphs 1 and 2—
a
the references to the protection provided for data subjects are to that protection taken as a whole,
b
the references to general processing are to processing to which this Regulation applies or equivalent types of processing in the third country or by the international organisation (as appropriate), and
c
the references to processing of personal data in the third country or by the international organisation are references only to the processing of personal data transferred to the country or organisation by means of processing to which this Regulation applies as described in Article 3.
4
When the data protection test is applied only to certain transfers to a third country or international organisation that are specified or described, or to be specified or described, in regulations (in accordance with Article 45A(4)(b))—
a
the references in paragraphs 1 to 3 to personal data are to be read as references only to personal data likely to be the subject of such transfers, and
b
the reference in paragraph 2(d) to transfer to other countries or international organisations is to be read as including transfer within the third country or international organisation.
Arts. 45A, 45B inserted (19.6.2025 for specified purposes) by Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (c. 18), s. 142(1)(2)(h), Sch. 7 para. 4