Directives 2009/39/EC and 2006/141/EC are repealed by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013. That Regulation lays down general compositional and information requirements for different categories of food, including infant formula and follow-on formula. The Commission has to adopt specific compositional and information requirements for infant formula and follow-on formula, taking into account the provisions of Directive 2006/141/EC.

Infant formula is the only processed foodstuff which wholly satisfies the nutritional requirements of infants during the first months of life until the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. In order to safeguard the health of those infants, it is necessary to ensure that infant formula is the only product marketed as suitable for such use during that period.

The essential composition of infant formula and follow-on formula must satisfy the nutritional requirements of infants in good health as established by generally accepted scientific data.

In order to ensure innovation and product development, the voluntary addition to infant formula and follow-on formula of ingredients not covered by specific requirements of this Regulation should be possible. All ingredients used in the manufacture of infant formula and follow-on formula should be suitable for infants and their suitability should have been demonstrated, when necessary, by appropriate studies. It is the responsibility of food business operators to demonstrate such suitability and of national competent authorities to consider, on a case-by-case basis, whether this is the case. Guidance on the design and conduct of appropriate studies has been published by expert scientific groups such as the Scientific Committee on Food, the UK Committee on the Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy, and the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Such guidance should be taken into consideration in the manufacturing of infant formula or follow-on formula.

A very low residue limit of 0,01 mg/kg for all pesticides is set on the basis of the precautionary principle. In addition, more severe limitations are set for a small number of pesticides or metabolites of pesticides for which even a maximum residue level (MRL) of 0,01 mg/kg might, under worst-case intake conditions, lead to an exposure exceeding the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for infants and young children.

A prohibition of the use of certain pesticides would not necessarily guarantee that infant formula and follow-on formula are free from those pesticides, since some pesticides are persistent in the environment and their residues can be found in the food. For that reason, those pesticides are considered not to have been used if residues are below a certain level.

Given the particular role of infant formula and follow-on formula in the diet of infants, it is important to ensure that products exported to third countries provide food information in a language easily understood by parents and caregivers, in the absence of specific relevant provisions established by or agreed with the importing country.

Given the different role of infant formula and follow-on formula in the diet of infants, it is appropriate to lay down provisions requiring that a clear distinction can be made between them, so as to avoid any risk of confusion.

The nutrition declaration for infant formula and follow-on formula is essential in order to guarantee their appropriate use, both for parents and caregivers and for health care professionals who recommend their consumption. For that reason and in order to provide more complete information, the nutrition declaration should include more particulars than those required by Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011. In addition, the exemption provided for in point 18 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 should not apply and the nutrition declaration should be mandatory for all infant formula and follow-on formula, irrespective of the package or container size.

Article 30(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 contains a limited list of nutrients that may be included on a voluntary basis in the nutrition declaration for food. That Article does not cover all the substances that may be added to infant formula and follow-on formula. In order to ensure legal clarity, it should be laid down explicitly that the nutrition declaration for infant formula and follow-on formula may include such substances. In addition, in certain cases, more detailed information on protein, carbohydrate and fat present in the product could provide additional useful information for parents, caregivers and healthcare professionals. Food business operators should therefore be allowed to provide such information on a voluntary basis.

In order to facilitate product comparisons, the nutrition declaration for infant formula and follow-on formula should be expressed per 100 ml of the product ready for use after preparation in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Infant formula is a food intended for use by infants during the first months of life and satisfying by itself the nutritional requirements of such infants until the introduction of appropriate complementary feeding. The expression of nutrition information on the energy value and the amount of nutrients of infant formula as a percentage of daily reference intake values would mislead consumers and should therefore not be allowed. Follow-on formula is, on the contrary, a food intended for use by infants when appropriate complementary feeding is introduced and which constitutes the principal liquid element in a progressively diversified diet of such infants. For that reason, and in order to ensure comparisons with other foods that can be included in the diet of such infants, the expression of nutrition information for follow-on formula as a percentage of daily reference intake values should be allowed. Given that healthy infants have different nutritional needs than adults, the use of daily reference intake values set out for the general adult population in Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 would mislead consumers and should therefore not be allowed. For follow-on formula it should only be allowed to express nutrition information as a percentage of specific reference intakes that are appropriate for the age group.

Statements relating to the presence or absence of lactose in infant formula and follow-on formula can provide useful information to parents and caregivers. Therefore, it is appropriate to lay down rules on such statements, which might be reviewed taking account of future developments on the market.

The mandatory addition of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to infant formula and follow-on formula is a new requirement introduced by this Regulation, as recently recommended by the Authority in its opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae. Given that the addition of DHA was allowed on a voluntary basis under Directive 2006/141/EC, and parents and caregivers are familiar with the nutrition claim about the presence of DHA in infant formula, the use of which was permitted under that Directive, food business operators should be allowed to continue to refer to the presence of DHA in infant formula by a statement provided for in this Regulation for a limited period of time in order to avoid confusion. However, it is important that that statement provides full information to consumers about the mandatory presence of DHA in all infant formula products on the market.

The use of protein hydrolysates as a source of protein in infant formula and follow-on formula has been allowed under Directive 2006/141/EC for many years and the use of protein hydrolysates in the manufacturing of formula is widespread in the market. This is due, in particular, to the possibility, recognised by that Directive, to make a health claim on infant formula manufactured from protein hydrolysates describing the role of such formula in reducing the risk of developing allergy to milk proteins, under certain conditions laid down in that Directive. In its opinion on the essential composition of infant and follow-on formulae, the Authority noted that the safety and suitability of each specific formula containing protein hydrolysates has to be established by clinical evaluation and that only one formula containing partially hydrolysed whey protein has been positively evaluated so far. The Authority also noted that clinical studies are necessary to demonstrate if and to what extent a particular formula reduces the risk of developing short and long-term clinical manifestations of allergy in at-risk-infants who are not breast-fed. Taking into account the Authority's opinion, infant formula and follow-on formula manufactured from protein hydrolysates should only be allowed to be placed on the market if their composition corresponds to the requirements of this Regulation. Those requirements may be updated in order to allow the placing on the market of formula manufactured from protein hydrolysates with a composition different from the one already positively assessed, following a case-by-case evaluation of their safety and suitability by the Authority. In addition, after the assessment by the Authority, on the basis of studies, where it is demonstrated that a specific formula manufactured from protein hydrolysates reduces the risk of developing allergy to milk proteins, further consideration will be given to how to adequately inform parents and caregivers about that property of the product.

In order to protect the health of infants, the rules laid down in this Regulation and in particular those on labelling, presentation and advertising, and promotional and commercial practices should continue being in conformity with the principles and the aims of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes bearing in mind the particular legal and factual situation existing in the Union. In particular, evidence shows that advertising directly to the consumer and other marketing techniques influence parents and caregivers in their decisions on how to feed their infants. For this reason, and taking into account the particular role of infant formula in the diet of infants, specific restrictions should be laid down in this Regulation on advertising and other marketing techniques for this type of product. However, this Regulation should not concern the conditions of sale of publications specialising in baby care and of scientific publications.

In addition, information given on infant and young child feeding influences pregnant women, parents and caregivers when choosing the type of nourishment for children. It is therefore necessary to lay down requirements in order that such information ensures an adequate use of the products in question and is not counter to the promotion of breast feeding, in line with the principles of the WHO code.

In order to enable food business operators to adapt to the new requirements, this Regulation should apply from a date that is four years after its entry into force. Taking into account the number and importance of the new requirements applicable to infant formula and follow-on formula manufactured from protein hydrolysates, in respect of such products this Regulation should apply from a date that is five years after its entry into force,