Articles 6 and 7 of Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 empower the Commission to impose fines and periodic penalty payments on recognised organisations, as defined in Article 2 of that Regulation, or to withdraw their recognition, in order to ensure the enforcement of the criteria and obligations established under that Regulation with a clear view to removing any potential threat to safety or the environment.

It is in the interest of transparency to lay down, in accordance with Article 14(2) of Regulation (EC) No 391/2009, detailed rules of procedure for decision-making, as well as the methodology for the calculation of fines and periodic penalty payments by the Commission so that it is known in advance by the organisations concerned, including specific criteria for the Commission to appraise the gravity of the case and the extent to which safety or the protection of the environment has been compromised.

Through the introduction of fines and periodic penalty payments the Commission should have a supplementary tool, allowing it to give a more nuanced, flexible and graduated response to a breach of the rules contained in Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 by a recognised organisation, compared to the withdrawal of its recognition.

Periodic penalty payments should be effective in ensuring that any breach of the obligations and requirements laid down in Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 is promptly and appropriately remedied. Therefore Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 empowers the Commission to apply periodic penalty payments where a recognised organisation has failed to undertake the preventive and remedial actions required by the Commission, after a reasonable period and until such time as the required actions have been taken by the recognised organisation concerned. If necessary, in light of the circumstances of the case, the daily amount of the periodic penalty payments may gradually be increased to reflect the urgency of the requested actions.

The calculation of fines and periodic penalty payments as a fraction of the turnover of the organisation, bearing in mind the maximum ceiling established in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 391/2009, is a simple method to make the fines and periodic penalty payments dissuasive while remaining proportionate to both the gravity of the case and the economic capacity of the organisation concerned, in light of the diverse sizes of recognised organisations.

The application of the maximum aggregate amount ceiling to the fines and periodic penalty payments should be clearly set out taking into account the different circumstances where this would apply, in the interests of transparency and legal certainty. For the same reasons, the way in which the total average turnover in the preceding three business years for the activities falling under the scope of Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 is calculated for each recognised organisation should also be laid down.

It is appropriate that a decision to withdraw the recognition of an organisation on the basis of the conditions laid down in Article 7(1) of Regulation (EC) No 391/2009 should consider all factors linked to the overarching objective of monitoring the recognised organisations' operations and overall performance, including the effectiveness of any fines and periodic penalty payments already imposed for repeated and serious breaches of that Regulation.

A specific procedure should be laid down in order to enable the Commission, be it at its own initiative or at the request of Member State(s), to withdraw the recognition of an organisation pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 391/2009, further to the Commission's powers to assess recognised organisations and to impose fines and periodic penalty payments with the associated procedures set out in this Regulation.

It is important that a decision to impose fines, periodic penalty payments or the withdrawal of recognition in accordance with this Regulation is based exclusively on grounds on which the recognised organisation concerned has been able to comment.

This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular the right of defence and the principles of confidentiality and ne bis in idem, in accordance with the general principles of law and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

Decisions imposing fines and periodic penalty payments in accordance with this Regulation should be enforceable in accordance with Article 299 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and can be subject to review by the Court of Justice of the European Union.

For the purpose of ensuring fairness and legal certainty in the conduct of the procedure, it is necessary to lay down detailed rules for the calculation of time limits set by the Commission in the course of the procedure and of the limitation periods that apply to the Commission for the imposition and enforcement of fines and periodic penalty payments, taking into account also the date of entry into force of Regulation (EC) No 391/2009.

The enforcement of this Regulation requires an effective cooperation between the Member States concerned, the Commission and the European Maritime Safety Agency. For that purpose, it is necessary to clarify the rights and obligations of each of these parties in the procedures laid down in this Regulation, in order to ensure the effective conduct of the inquiry, decision-making and follow-up process pursuant to Articles 6 and 7 of Regulation (EC) No 391/2009.