1.The objectives set out in point 1 of Article 2 shall be pursued through, in particular, the following measures:
(a)support for regulatory bodies, technical support organisations;
(b)reinforcement of the regulatory framework, in particular with regard to review and assessment, licensing and oversight activities for nuclear power plants and other nuclear installations;
(c)promotion of effective regulatory frameworks, procedures and systems to ensure adequate protection against ionising radiations from radioactive materials, in particular from high activity radioactive sources, and their safe disposal;
(d)establishment of effective arrangements for the prevention of accidents with radiological consequences, including accidental exposure, as well as the mitigation of such consequences should they occur, for example, monitoring the environment in case of radioactive releases, design and implementation of mitigation and remediation activities and cooperation with national and international organisations in the case of accidental exposure, and for emergency-planning, preparedness and response, civil protection and rehabilitation measures;
(e)support for ensuring safety of nuclear installations and sites regarding practical protective measures designed to reduce existing radiation risks to the health of workers and of the general public.
2.The objectives set out in point 2 of Article 2 shall be pursued through, in particular, the following measures:
(a)support for regulatory bodies, technical support organisations, and the reinforcement of the regulatory framework, in particular with regard to the responsible and safe management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste;
(b)development and implementation of specific strategies and frameworks for the responsible and safe management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste;
(c)development and implementation of strategies and frameworks for decommissioning existing installations, for the remediation of former nuclear sites and legacy sites related to uranium mining, and for the recovery and management of sunken radioactive objects and material at sea.
3.The objective set out in point 3 of Article 2 shall be limited to the technical aspects that ensure that ores, source material and special fissile material are not diverted from their intended uses as declared by the users. It shall be pursued through, in particular, the following measures:
(a)the establishment of the necessary regulatory framework, methodologies, technology and approaches for the implementation of nuclear safeguards, including for the proper accounting and control of fissile materials at State and operators' level;
(b)support for the infrastructure and training of personnel.
4.The measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 may include actions to promote international cooperation, including implementation and monitoring of international Conventions and Treaties. They shall also include a substantial element of knowledge transfer, such as exchange of information, capacity building and training in the area of nuclear safety and research, in order to reinforce the sustainability of the results achieved. They shall be implemented through cooperation with the competent authorities of Member States of the Union and/or with third countries' authorities, nuclear regulators and their technical support organisations, and/or relevant international organisations, in particular the IAEA. In specific and duly justified cases, the measures concerning points (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 shall be implemented through cooperation with operators and/or competent organisations from the Member States and third countries' operators of nuclear installations, as defined in Article 3(1) of Directive 2009/71/Euratom, and nuclear sites.