by the name of the species; or as being all of the species included in a higher taxon or designated part thereof.

The abbreviation ‘spp.’ is used to denote all species of a higher taxon.

Other references to taxa higher than species are for the purposes of information or classification only.

Species printed in bold in Annex A are listed there in consistency with their protection as provided for by Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council or Council Directive 92/43/EEC.

‘ssp.’ is used to denote subspecies; ‘var(s).’ is used to denote variety (varieties); and ‘fa.’ is used to denote forma.

The symbols ‘(I)’, ‘(II)’ and ‘(III)’ placed against the name of a species or higher taxon refer to the Appendices to the Convention in which the species concerned are listed as indicated in notes 7, 8 and 9. Where none of these annotations appears, the species concerned are not listed in the Appendices to the Convention.

(I) against the name of a species or higher taxon indicates that the species or higher taxon concerned is included in Appendix I to the Convention.

(II) against the name of a species or higher taxon indicates that the species or higher taxon concerned is included in Appendix II to the Convention.

(III) against the name of a species or higher taxon indicates that it is included in Appendix III to the Convention. In this case the country with respect to which the species or higher taxon is included in Appendix III is also indicated.

‘Cultivar’ means, following the definition of the 8th edition of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, an assemblage of plants that (a) has been selected for a particular character or combination of characters, (b) is distinct, uniform, and stable in these characters, and (c) when propagated by appropriate means, retains those characters. No new taxon of a cultivar can be regarded as such until its category name and circumscription has been formally published in the latest edition of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.

Hybrids may be specifically included in the Appendices but only if they form distinct and stable populations in the wild. Hybrid animals that have in their previous four generations of the lineage one or more specimens of species included in Annexes A or B shall be subject to this Regulation just as if they were full species, even if the hybrid concerned is not specifically included in the Annexes.

Designates all parts and derivatives, except: seeds, spores and pollen (including pollinia); seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; cut flowers of artificially propagated plants; and fruits and parts and derivatives thereof of artificially propagated plants of the genus Vanilla. Designates all parts and derivatives, except: seeds and pollen; and finished products packaged and ready for retail trade. Designates whole and sliced roots and parts of roots, excluding manufactured parts or derivatives, such as powders, pills, extracts, tonics, teas and confectionery. Designates all parts and derivatives, except: seeds (including seedpods of Orchidaceae), spores and pollen (including pollinia). The exemption does not apply to seeds from Cactaceae spp. exported from Mexico, and to seeds from Beccariophoenix madagascariensis and Neodypsis decaryi exported from Madagascar; seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; cut flowers of artificially propagated plants; fruits and parts and derivatives thereof of naturalised or artificially propagated plants of the genus Vanilla (Orchidaceae) and of the family Cactaceae; stems, flowers, and parts and derivatives thereof of naturalised or artificially propagated plants of the genera Opuntia subgenus Opuntia and Selenicereus (Cactaceae); and finished products of Euphorbia antisyphilitica packaged and ready for retail trade. Designates logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets. Designates logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets and plywood. Designates logs, woodchips, powder and extracts. Designates underground parts (i.e. roots, rhizomes): whole, parts and powdered. Designates all parts and derivatives, except those bearing a label ‘Produced from Hoodia spp. material obtained through controlled harvesting and production under the terms of an agreement with the relevant CITES Management Authority of [Botswana under agreement No. BW/xxxxxx] [Namibia under agreement No. NA/xxxxxx] [South Africa under agreement No. ZA/xxxxxx]’. Designates logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, including unfinished wood articles used for the fabrication of bows for stringed musical instruments. Designates logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, plywood, powder and extracts. Designates logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets, plywood and extracts. Finished products containing such extracts as ingredients, including fragrances, are not considered to be covered by this annotation. Designates the kernel (also known as ‘endosperm’, ‘pulp’ or ‘copra’) and any derivative thereof. Designates all parts and derivatives, except: seeds and pollen; seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; fruits; leaves; exhausted agarwood powder, including compressed powder in all shapes; and finished products packaged and ready for retail trade, this exemption does not apply to beads, prayer beads and carvings.

As none of the species or higher taxa of flora included in Annex A is annotated to the effect that its hybrids shall be treated in accordance with Article 4(1), this means that artificially propagated hybrids produced from one or more of these species or taxa may be traded with a certificate of artificial propagation, and that seeds and pollen (including pollinia), cut flowers, seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers of these hybrids are not subject to this Regulation.

Urine, faeces and ambergris which are waste products and gained without the manipulation of the animal concerned are not subject to this Regulation.

Any whole, or substantially whole, skins, raw or tanned. Any feathers or any skin or other part with feathers on it.

Dried and fresh plants, including, where appropriate; leaves, roots/rootstock, stems, seeds/spores, bark and fruits. Logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets.