Within 18 months of an invasive alien species being included on the F1list of species of special concern, F2the appropriate authority shall have in place effective management measures for those invasive alien species F3of special concern which F4the appropriate authority has found to be widely spread on F5the territory for which it is responsible, so that their impact on biodiversity, the related ecosystem services, and, where applicable, on human health or the economy are minimised.

Those management measures shall be proportionate to the impact on the environment and appropriate to the specific circumstances of F6the constituent part of Great Britain, be based on an analysis of costs and benefits and also include, as far as is feasible, the restoration measures referred to in Article 20. They shall be prioritised based on the risk evaluation and their cost effectiveness.

The management measures shall consist of lethal or non-lethal physical, chemical or biological actions aimed at the eradication, population control or containment of a population of an invasive alien species. Where appropriate, management measures shall include actions applied to the receiving ecosystem aimed at increasing its resilience to current and future invasions. The commercial use of already established invasive alien species may be temporarily allowed as part of the management measures aimed at their eradication, population control or containment, under strict justification and provided that all appropriate controls are in place to avoid any further spread.

When applying management measures and selecting methods to be used, F7the appropriate authority shall have due regard to human health and the environment, especially non-targeted species and their habitats, and shall ensure that, when animals are targeted, they are spared any avoidable pain, distress or suffering, without compromising the effectiveness of the management measures.

The surveillance system provided for in Article 14 shall be designed and used to monitor the effectiveness of eradication, population control or containment measures in minimising the impact on biodiversity, the related ecosystems services and, where applicable, on human health or the economy. The monitoring shall also assess the impact on non-targeted species, as appropriate.

Where there is a significant risk that an invasive alien species F3of special concern will spread to another F8part of the United Kingdom, F9the appropriate authority in which that species is present shall immediately notify the other F10responsible authorities. F11F12...

Following a notification under paragraph 5 which relates to the offshore marine area, where appropriate the responsible authorities shall establish jointly agreed management measures.

F14The appropriate authority shall carry out appropriate restoration measures to assist the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed by invasive alien species F3of special concern unless a cost-benefit analysis demonstrates, on the basis of the available data and with reasonable certainty, that the costs of those measures will be high and disproportionate to the benefits of restoration.