The following persons and entities shall, to the extent they are entitled to initiate proceedings, in order to determine whether an intellectual property right has been infringed, in the F1United Kingdom, be entitled to submit F2an application:

1. (1)

   F3right-holders;

2. (2)

   intellectual property rights management collective bodies;

3. (3)

   persons or entities authorised to use intellectual property rights, which have been authorised formally by the right-holder to initiate proceedings in order to determine whether the intellectual property right has been infringed.