Pharmacovigilance activities cover the whole life-cycle management of medicinal products for human use in relation to safety.

Regulation (EU) No 1235/2010 and Directive 2010/84/EU introduced the concept of the pharmacovigilance system master file. In order to accurately reflect the pharmacovigilance system used by the marketing authorisation holder, the pharmacovigilance system master file should contain key information and documents covering all aspects of pharmacovigilance activities, including information on tasks that have been subcontracted. It should contribute to the appropriate planning and conduct of audits by the marketing authorisation holder and the supervision of pharmacovigilance activities by the qualified person responsible for pharmacovigilance. At the same time it should enable national competent authorities to verify compliance concerning all aspects of the system.

The information contained in the pharmacovigilance system master file should be maintained so as to reflect any modifications that have been made and ensure easy accessibility and availability by national competent authorities for the purpose of inspections.

Quality systems should form an integral part of the pharmacovigilance system. The minimum requirements for the quality system for the performance of pharmacovigilance activities should ensure that marketing authorisation holders, national competent authorities and the European Medicines Agency (hereinafter ‘the Agency’) establish an adequate and effective quality system, which provides for an effective monitoring of compliance and the accurate and proper documentation of all measures taken. They should also ensure that marketing authorisation holders, national competent authorities and the Agency have at their disposal sufficient competent, appropriately qualified and trained staff.

Adherence to a well-defined quality system should ensure that all pharmacovigilance activities are conducted in such a way that they are likely to produce the desired results or quality objectives for the fulfilment of pharmacovigilance tasks.

As part of their quality system, national competent authorities and the Agency should establish contact points to facilitate interaction between national competent authorities, the Agency, the Commission, marketing authorisation holders and persons reporting information on the risks of medicinal products, as referred to in the second subparagraph of Article 101(1) of Directive 2001/83/EC.

If marketing authorisation holders, national competent authorities and the Agency use performance indicators to monitor the good performance of pharmacovigilance activities, those indicators should be documented.

Pharmacovigilance activities rely increasingly on the periodic monitoring of large databases, such as the Eudravigilance database. Whereas the Eudravigilance database is expected to be a major source of pharmacovigilance information, account should also be taken of pharmacovigilance information coming from other sources.

Marketing authorisation holders, national competent authorities and the Agency should continuously monitor the data in the Eudravigilance database to determine whether there are new risks or whether risks have changed and whether those risks have an impact on the risk-benefit balance of the medicinal product. They should validate and confirm signals, as appropriate, based on an examination of individual case safety reports, aggregated data from active surveillance systems or studies, literature information or other data sources. It is therefore necessary to establish common requirements for signal detection, to clarify the respective monitoring roles of marketing authorisation holders, national competent authorities and the Agency, to clarify how signals are validated and confirmed where appropriate and to specify the signal management process.

As a general principle, signal detection should follow a recognised methodology. However, the methodology may vary depending on the type of medicinal product it is intended to cover.

The use of internationally agreed terminology, format and standards should facilitate the interoperability of systems used for the performance of pharmacovigilance activities and avoids the duplication of encoding activities concerning the same information. It should also allow for an easier information exchange between regulatory authorities on an international level.

In order to simplify the reporting of suspected adverse reactions, the marketing authorisation holder and the Member States should report those reactions only to the Eudravigilance database. The Eudravigilance database should be equipped to immediately forward reports on suspected adverse reactions received from marketing authorisation holders to the Member States on whose territory the reaction occurred. It is therefore necessary to establish a common electronic format for the transmission of suspected adverse reaction reports by marketing authorisation holders and Member States to the Eudravigilance database.

Periodic safety update reports are an important instrument to monitor the development of the safety profile of a medicinal product after it has been placed on the Union market, including an integrated (re-)evaluation of the risk-benefit balance. In order to facilitate their processing and evaluation, common format and content requirements should be established.

Risk management plans are required for all new marketing authorisation applications. They contain a detailed description of the risk management system used by the marketing authorisation holder. In order to facilitate the production of risk management plans and their evaluation by the competent authorities, common format and content requirements should be established.

Where competent authorities have concerns as to the safety of a medicinal product, they should be able to impose on marketing authorisation holders the obligation to conduct post-authorisation safety studies. The marketing authorisation holder should submit a draft protocol before those studies are conducted. Moreover, the marketing authorisation holder should provide, at the appropriate stage, a study abstract and a final study report. It is appropriate to provide that the protocol, the abstract and the final study report follow a common format in order to facilitate the approval and oversight of those studies by the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee or the competent authorities in case of studies to be conducted in only one Member State that requests the study according to Article 22a of Directive 2001/83/EC.

The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use,