For the purposes of this Regulation:

1. 1.

   ‘A-pillar’ means the foremost and outermost roof support extending from the chassis to the roof of the vehicle;

2. 2.

   ‘brake assist system’ means a function of the braking system that deduces an emergency braking event from a characteristic of the driver’s brake demand and, under such conditions:

   1. (a)

      assists the driver to deliver the maximum achievable braking rate; or

   2. (b)

      is sufficient to cause full cycling of the Anti-lock Braking System;

3. 3.

   ‘bumper’ means any front, lower, outer structures of a vehicle, including attachments thereto, which are intended to give protection to a vehicle when involved in a low speed frontal collision with another vehicle; it does not include, however, any frontal protection system;

4. 4.

   ‘frontal protection system’ means a separate structure or structures, such as a bull bar, or a supplementary bumper which, in addition to the original-equipment bumper, is intended to protect the external surface of the vehicle from damage in the event of a collision with an object, with the exception of structures having a mass of less than 0,5 kg, intended to protect only the vehicle’s lights;

5. 5.

   ‘maximum mass’ means the technically permissible maximum laden mass stated by the manufacturer pursuant to point 2.8 of Annex I to F1Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/683;

6. 6.

   ‘vehicles of category N₁’ derived from M₁’ means those vehicles of N₁ category which, forward of the A-pillars, have the same general structure and shape as a pre-existing M₁ category vehicle;

7. 7.

   ‘vehicles of category M₁’ derived from N₁’ means those vehicles of M₁ category which, forward of the A-pillars, have the same general structure and shape as a pre-existing N₁ category vehicle.